高速公路中间带安全侧向净距值

为了研究高速公路中间带安全侧向净距值,在具有代表性的试验路段实测了超车道上行驶车辆的行驶速度与相应的内侧净距.用数理统计的方法研究了不同车型的车辆行驶时的内侧净距与车速的关系,分析了路缘石对内侧净距的影响,从安全角度提出了高速公路中间带安全侧向净距值.研究结果表明:汽车行驶时的内侧净距与车速呈线性关系;位于护栏外侧的凸起路缘石,对汽车行驶的安全侧向净距有一定影响;中国许多正在运营的采用分设型布设中央分隔带护栏的高速公路安全侧向净距不足.     

基于可靠度的隧道行车视距影响因素分析

为了研究隧道中曲线半径、路面摩擦系数、横净距及净高等不同设计参数对隧道行车视距的影响,将车辆运行速度、路面摩擦系数、驾驶人反应时间、隧道横净距及设计净高作为随机变量,以可靠度理论为基础,构建了隧道中平、竖曲线段的行车视距功能函数.通过改变隧道行车视距影响参数的设置,分析了隧道中行车视距的安全可靠性,并提出了隧道中行车视距的可靠性求解步骤.研究结果表明,隧道内行车视距失效概率随着曲线半径、路面摩擦系数、设计净高、隧道横净距的增加而减小,随着运行速度的增加而增大;设计净高、侧墙也对隧道内的行车视距产生影响.     

圆柱桥墩绕流特性理论研究

对圆柱桥墩绕流特性理行了理论研究。为了防止桥墩发生过大冲刷应在理想液体绕流动量守恒影响范围 S1=1 .6a,即距桥墩 0 .6a范围内防护 ,考虑由于实际圆柱桥墩后一对复合涡体可能的影响 ,最大流流速按 2 V并乘适当安全系数进行设计。至少必须在理想液体绕流比动能守恒影响范围 S2 =1 .1 9,即距桥墩 0 .1 9a范围内防护。为防止可能发生的桥墩绕流对行船的影响 ,避免水流的影响防止轮船对桥墩的冲撞 ,其防撞栏设置应在 r=1 0 a处。     

大断面小净距隧道的净距优化分析

为对大断面小净距隧道的净距进行全面优化,采用大型有限元软件ANSYS,对不同净距下的大断面隧道施工过程进行数值模拟,研究不同净距下隧道施工过程的围岩应力场和位移场分布情况及支护体系的受力情况,获得隧道净距对围岩应力分布、支护体系受力和断面收敛的影响,再运用层次分析法分析影响因素的目标度,进行一致性检验并确定权重.研究结果表明:大断面小净距隧道在开挖过程中,围岩应力及变形略呈对称状态,先开挖隧道支护受力及围岩变形略大于后开挖隧道,净距越大,对称现象越明显,围岩应力和变形及支护体系的受力越小,围岩及支护体系稳定性越高,综合考虑支护体系安全及围岩稳定等因素,该大断面小净距隧道的最优净距为1.6B(B为开挖净距).     

砂卵石富水区域盾构小净距穿越单洞双线暗挖站施工技术

为研究砂卵石富水区域盾构小净距穿越单洞双线暗挖站施工对既有暗挖站的影响,文章以小净距既有暗挖站段新建盾构区间隧道工程为背景,对盾构区间隧道工程施工进行设计,并用MIDAS计算分析程序对砂卵石富水区域盾构小净距穿越单洞双线暗挖站施工过程进行数值计算分析;总结了盾构小净距穿越施工过程中既有暗挖站位移变化规律;研究了既有暗挖站明暗挖分界位置变形缝差异沉降特征;分析了既有暗挖站轨道沉降变化走势;监测结果与仿真结果变化规律基本一致,佐证了仿真计算的可靠性。     

城市地铁明挖隧道对高架桥桩基影响的数值分析

为评估明挖地铁区间隧道施工对高架桥的影响,结合重庆轨道交通环线某区间隧道施工,采用有限元分析软件MIDAS-GTS建立了隧道及桥墩的三维模型进行数值模拟,分析了隧道开挖对桥墩、围岩的应力及位移影响.结果表明:隧道开挖后围岩和桥墩沉降的不同,桥梁桩身将受到围岩的负摩擦力作用;隧道开挖在桥墩距隧道近端引起的桩基位移向下,在远端引起的竖向位移向上;开挖荷载对桩基应力影响不仅与桥墩到开挖隧道之间的距离有关,还与桥梁桩基高度有关,隧道支护锚杆最大轴力为7.07 k N能满足安全稳定性的要求.     

城市道路环形交叉口改十字信号交叉口案例分析

结合福州市罗星西路与青洲路环形交叉口改造工程,经多方案、多因素比选确定环形交叉口改为十字信号交叉口方案.详细分析了此城市环形交叉口改为十字信号交叉口案例,利用理论计算饱和度与Vissim仿真相结合的定量分析方法进行验证.结果显示:该优化设计方案可以显著提高交叉口的通行效率;在交叉口景观设计方面,提出渠化岛植树思路,分析了渠化岛植树的效益及适用条件,阐述了植树位置、树种配置、行车横向净距、行车安全净空及相应交通管制措施的要求,以适应特殊地区的交叉口景观设计,为渠化岛上等待信号灯过马路的行人及非机动车驾驶者遮阴纳凉.     

施工顺序对地铁隧道开挖变形影响研究

相邻隧道开挖时的变形量受超前开挖距离和净距影响。以武汉市轨道交通27号线纸地区间左、右线隧道为研究对象,采用有限元软件ANSYS建立隧道的三维计算模型,分析不同超前开挖距离和净距时隧道的变形特征。结果表明:净距相同,超前开挖的最小距离不小于10m时,后开挖隧道对先开挖隧道的水平和竖向位移影响在安全范围内,且超前距离越大位移的变化率越小。当超前距离相同,净距大于9m时,后开挖隧道对先开挖隧道的水平和竖向位移的影响较小,且净距越大位移变化率越小;净距小于9m时应加强中隔岩体的加固,避免先开挖隧道向内收缩变形过大。研究结果为类似工程设计和施工提供一定的参考。     

汽车最小行车时距计算模型的研究

以汽车紧急制动过程为基础,分析了在制动过程三阶段中速度、减速度、停车距离三参数的变化规律,由此推导出较直观的行车间距和行车时距的计算模型．计算结果较为理想．     

驾驶员制动速度与生理反应的混合效应模型

选择8位35~48岁之间的驾驶员,利用动态心电分析仪、Frecord数据采集系统及动态GPS对紧急状况下驾驶员制动速度与生理反应进行试验分析.综合考虑车距障碍物距离、行驶车速、行车时段、个性特征等因素,建立混合效应模型,并对同时受行车环境影响、且存在关联的制动速度与生理反应间的关系进行研究.结果表明,车距障碍物距离对最大制动踏板速度的影响作用大于行车速度的影响作用,为进一步分析紧急状况下驾驶员行为提供了新的方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-