The distribution of the oil derived from Cambrian source rocks in Lunnan area, the Tarim Basin, China

There are great differences in biomarks between Cambrian oil and Middle-Upper Ordovician oil. In this stuty, the authors analyzed 40 oils found in Lunnan area by GC-MS and calculated the content of Cambrian oil in the 40 oils according to the steroid indexes of typical oil mixture and match experiment. The results show that it is a general phenomenon in Ordovician reservoir that the oil derived from Cambrian source rock mixed with the oil derived from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rock in Lunnan area, the mixture degree of the two oils is lower in Carboniferous reservoir than in Ordovician reservoir, and the oils kept in Triassic reservoir have single source, Middle-Upper Ordoviclan source rock. The mixture oils mainly composed of Cambrian oil （〉50%） distributed in Sangtamu fault zone, and the oils found in Lunnan fault zone are Middle-Upper Ordovician oil. This distribution of oils in Lunnan area is owing to that Lunnan fault zone is located in anticline axis part, Lunnan fault zone underwent serious erosion, and the oils from Cambrian source rock accumulated in Lunnan fault zone were degraded completely during Caledonian-Hercynian movement. But the Cambrian oil accumulated in Sangtamu fault zone was not degraded completely and some of them were left for the location of Sangtamu fault zone is lower than Lunnan fault zone. Later, the oil derived from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rock mixed with the remained Cambrian oil, and the mixture oil formed in Sangtamu fault zone.     

Petroleum enrichment characteristics in Ordovician carbonates in Lunnan area of Tarim Basin

Lunnan heave had experienced denudation during late Caledonian and Hercynian movements and reconstruction during Indosinian movement. Lunnan heave and its circumference areas are located on the direction of petroleum migration, and experienced three reservoir formation cycles that are divided by wave cycle: The first reservoir formation cycle is characterized by breakage, the second by alteration, and the third by enrichment. Three layers of dissolving-cave developed on the vertical in Lunnan area. Development degree of slit-cave system and their connectivity are important factors to control petroleum enrichment in the weathering crust reservoir. The area where dissolving-caves are communicated by silts and faults was a fine petroleum enrichment area, and water was often encountered in the area with isolation cave while drilling because of no oil and gas origin. The top part of the faulted-horst as a leaking area is bearing water area, and the higher part of slope nearing the top part of the faulted-horst as a high seepage area is a heavy oil area due to lack of fine caprock, and the lower part of slope and the platform are light and condensate oil area. The area with the middle-upper Ordovi-cian is the favorable area to explore original carbonate reservoir formed in the earlier stage. The best favorable petroleum enrichment area for carbonates is surrounding Lunnan heave along the slope down to the direction of sags. The precondition to discover petroleum in carbonates is accurately prognosticating the distribution area of silts and caves, and the key to improving the exploration success ratio is accurately recognizing silts and small faults.     

塔北轮南地区油气成因与成藏探讨

通过对塔里木轮南地区不同层位、不同部位原油烃类化学组成的剖析 ,认为该区原油至少可分为两种不同的成因类型 ,可能存在多成藏期次 .三叠系、侏罗系原油化学组成与分布均一 ,其与轮南中西部断垒、桑塔木断垒西部奥陶系原油性质极为接近 ,以低分子量正构烷烃占优势 ,重排补身烷与重排甾烷、三环萜烷及Ts不甚发育 ,C2 3 三环萜烷为主峰 ,相对低值C2 7/C2 9甾烷等为特征 (第I类 ) ,奥陶系原油还具有中性氮化合物含量高的特征 ;以两断垒带东部石炭系、奥陶系为代表的原油以高值饱芳比、正构烷烃主峰碳后移、高含量C15 重排倍半萜与重排甾烷、低含量中性氮化合物、C2 0 三环萜烷为主峰、相对高值C2 7/C2 9甾烷、甾烷 /藿烷、Ts/ (Ts+Tm)、三环萜 /五环萜值等为特征 (第Ⅱ类 ) .轮南地区原油类型不同由主系油源不同所致 .烃类与非烃类运移指标反映奥陶系、石炭系原油具有自西而东的运移趋势 ;三叠系原油具有不太明显的由北而南的运移趋势 .烃类指标反映三叠系、侏罗系与同类型奥陶系原油间的运移分馏效应不太明显 ,其可能来自相同的烃源岩但成烃与成藏期不同     

Identification of the Kukersite-type source rocks in the Ordovician Stratigraphy from the Tarim Basin, NW China

Due to the importance of the Gloeocapsomorpha Prisca （G. prisca）-enriched source rocks, which belong to Kukersite-type source rocks in the Lower Paleozoic Ordovician strata, it has received great attentions during the petroleum exploration as to whether there are the Kukersite-type source rocks developed in the major hydrocarbon source strata of the Upper and Middle Ordovician in the Tarim Basin. Using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrography to analyse kerogens from source rocks in the lime- mud mound with moderate maturity, study reveals that there are the Kukersite-type source rocks in the Ordovician strata of the Tarim Basin. The pyrolysis products showed a low content of 〉n-C19 normal alkanes with a significant odd-even predominance between n-C13 and n-Cl7, long-chain alky substituted alkylbenzene and alkylthiophene isomers and distinctive distribution of 5-N- alkyl-1, 3-Benzenediol and its homologous. Based on the geographic environment characteristics of G. Prisca, the molecular dis- tributions of crude oil from the Lower Paleozoic petroleum systems in the Tarim Basin and characteristics of kerogen pyrolysis products from the Middle and Upper Ordovician source rocks, the results suggested that it is less possible to develop the G. Pris- ca-enriched Kukersite-type source rocks in the major hydrocarbon source rocks in the Middle and Upper Ordovician strata in the Tarim Basin. However, the benthic macroalga and planktonic algae-enriched source rocks are the main contributors.     

塔里木盆地寒武纪早期地质背景及对烃源岩发育的控制

塔里木盆地寒武系油气勘探的突破很大程度上取决于烃源岩的发育和分布状况.基于古气候、生物发展的分析,认为早寒武世具有发育烃源岩的条件.寒武系沉积古地形分析显示,塔里木盆地寒武系基底存在古隆起,从台地中心到深海盆地,仍发育泻湖,这些为烃源岩的发育提供了物质条件和古地理条件,古隆起提供了泥质来源,深海盆地和闭塞海湾提供了烃源...     

Kinetic study of hydrocarbon generation of oil asphaltene from Lunnan area, Tabei uplift

The molecular compositions and molecular carbon isotopic compositions of gas hydrocarbons produced in the hydrocarbon generation of oil asphaltene from Lunnnan area were investigated by pyrolysis of asphaltene sealed in gold tube in a limited system. The experimental results indicated that oil asphaltene from Lunnan area had relatively high generation potential of methane. However, the molecular compositions and molecular carbon isotopic compositions of gas hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon generation of oil asphaltene exhibited different characteristics from that of gas hydrocarbons by primary cracking of kerogen and secondary cracking of oil. Based on kinetic simulation with paleo-geothermal data of oil reservoir, the methane produced by cracking of oil asphatene was characterized by relatively light carbon isotopic compositions. This result could not explain relatively heavy carbon isotopic compositions of natural gas from Lunnan area. Pyrolysis of kerogen from source rocks under very high temperature probably made remarkable contributions to natural gas from Lunnan area.     

塔里木盆地草湖地区油气成藏特征

通过对草湖地区构造、地层及成藏条件的研究认为,保存条件、圈源匹配关系、继承性的古隆起和古斜坡是该区油气成藏的三大主控因素.草湖地区油藏形成于海西期,天然气气藏形成于燕山末—喜山期,以垂向断裂和裂缝,以及横向不整合面和疏导砂体为运移通道.区内西斜坡储层直接与烃源岩接触,断层不发育,油气通过横向储层及少量垂向断层为运移通道向高部位地层、岩性圈闭中聚集,中下奥陶统、东河砂岩和三叠系均有油气成藏过程.凹陷的中心区域存在奥陶系上统泥岩和石炭系泥岩隔层,缺少风化壳型储层,但具备形成裂缝-孔隙性储层的条件.草湖地区东部中下奥陶统长期抬升,发育通天断层,生油高峰期仍处于暴露状态,无法成藏,生气高峰时缺乏有效的封盖层,难以形成规模性油气的聚集.     

塔里木盆地大中型油气田形成及分布规律

目的 探讨塔里木盆地油气藏形成及分布规律,为油气田勘探部署提供依据。方法 运用石油地质综合研究方法,探讨了区域构造背景,有效烃源岩分布及其成熟度、储盖组合、后期构造变动等对塔里木盆地大中型油气田形成及分布的控制作用。结果 塔里木盆地油气分布十分复杂,油气藏形成及分布受多重因素控制;早期形成、长期继承发育的大型稳定古隆起及其斜坡以及前陆逆冲带第2,3排构造分别是大中型油气田形成的最有利地区;古隆起控油、斜坡富集以及隆起高部位油气易发生调整、斜坡部位有利于保存,是克拉通区油气藏形成和分布的重要特点;已发现的油气藏具有多期成藏、晚期调整的特点,早期形成的原生油气藏后期特别是晚喜山期普遍受到了调整改造,以克拉通区海相油气藏最为突出;保存条件对塔里木盆地油气藏形成与分布具有重要控制作用,特别是优质区域盖层的存在,是大中型油气田形成和保存的关键。结论 继承性古隆起与隐伏前陆逆冲带是塔里木克拉通区与前陆区寻找大中型油气田的最有利地区。     

Constraints on the diversity of crude oil types in the Lunnan Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China

Hydrocarbons, include heavy oils, normal oils, waxy oils and light oils, condensate oils and gases were all found in Lunnan Oilfield, the occurrences of hydrocarbons with complicated physical properties indicates a complicated distribution of reservoirs. By the drilling data, the distribution pattern had been found that, in plan view, the density of crude oils in the western part is heavier than that of oils in the eastern part in Lunnan region, namely the crude oils were mainly found in the western part while the natural gases were mainly found in the eastern, which shows that an obvious differentiation in the east and west part was presented in the Lunnan region. Furthermore, in vertical view, the light hydrocarbons were mainly found in the Carboniferous reservoir while the heavier hydrocarbons were mainly found in the Ordovician and Triassic reservoirs. By analysis of the semi-logarithm distribution of n-alkanes, biomarker ratios and stable carbon isotopic compositions of crude oils, we have found that two oil families and discontinuous distribution were presented in hydrocarbons in Lunnan Oilfield. This kind of discontinuous distribution of geochemical parameters was not from continuous fractionation in migration process. The biodegraded heavy oil reservoirs in western part belong to the lower matured oil family, while the light or condensate oils reservoirs belong to higher matured oil family. Thus, a mixed filling of hydrocarbons was occurred in the middle part in Lunnan Oilfield and resulted in the occurrence of waxy oil. The mixed filling model may help to explain the distribution pattern of hydrocarbon reservoirs in Lunnan Oilfield, especially can lead to a relatively consistent explanation for all kinds of geochemical data, such as physical properties, pyrrolic nitrogen compounds, biomarker parameters and stable carbon isotopic compositions.     

塔里木盆地塔中地区油气运移输导体系研究

构成塔中地区输导网络格架的输导体包括断裂、不整合面、裂缝和孔隙等。利用分形方法,对塔中地区4个重要构造面的断裂体系进行了分形研究。结果表明,塔中地区下奥陶统顶（Tg5′）的分形维数最高,为1.39;其次是寒武系膏盐岩层顶（Tg7）,为1.24;最小的是石炭系生屑灰岩顶（Tg2″）,为1.05。按其流体运动特点,塔中地区不整合面上、下输导体分属于两个不同的流体流动场,不整合面以下输导体主要由孔-洞-缝体系构成;不整合面以上输导体为层状渗透体,在大多数情况下属于孔隙型介质。根据塔中地区输导网络的特征,提出了以限制性横向输导为主的输导网络和以非限制性纵向输导为主的输导网络的分类方案。     

塔北轮南古隆起石炭系砂泥岩段沉积相特征

塔北轮南古隆起于加里东中—晚期形成凸起,海西早期受区域性挤压抬升形成向西南倾伏的北东向展布的大型鼻凸,在长期的抬升暴露风化剥蚀过程中形成轮南古潜山.根据区域地质背景和地层沉积特征(岩性、沉积构造等)研究,结合现场已有的构造解释、地震、油气显示、测试等各种资料,利用单因素分析法,划分了三角洲-泻湖-潮坪沉积相,其中以泻湖-潮坪沉积相占优势,建立了其沉积模式,对沉积相纵横向展布进行了对比,分析了沉积相平面上的分布规律.     

Noble gas isotopic compositions of deep carbonate rocks from the Tarim Basin

Abundances and isotopic compositions of noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr) with various existence states in carbonate rocks from the Tacan1 Well have been investigated by means of the stepwise heating technique. The elemental abundance patterns of noble gases in the samples show the enrichment of heavy noble gases and depletion of ²⁰Ne relative to the atmosphere, which are designated as type-Ⅰand are similar to that observed in water, natural gases and sedimentary rocks. The ³He/⁴He ratios of deep carbonate samples at lower and medium temperature (300—700℃) and a majority of samples at higher temperature (1100—1500℃) steps are very similar to those of natural gases in the same strata in this area, this feature of radiogenic crustal helium shows that the Tazhong Uplift is relatively stable. However, significant helium and argon isotopic anomalies are found at the 1100℃ step in the Middle-Upper Ordovician carbonate rock, suggesting the incorporation of mantle-derived volatiles, this may be due to minor igneous minerals contained in sedimentary carbonate rocks. The ⁴⁰Ar/ ³⁶Ar ratios in the Cambrian carbonate rock are slightly higher than those in Ordovician carbonate rocks, which may reflect the influence of the chronologic accumulation effect of crust radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar. Argon isotopes of various existence states in source rocks are much more different, both ³⁸Ar/ ³⁶Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/ ³⁶Ar ratios at the higher temperature steps are higher than those at the lower temperature steps.     

塔里木盆地阿克库勒地区三叠系中油组沉积相研究

通过岩心观察、岩矿以及粒度等化验资料综合分析,确定阿克库勒地区三叠系中油组主要沉积相包括辫状河流相、湖泊相、湖底扇相以及三角洲相.中油组主砂体主要为辫状河流相和湖底扇相沉积,其中,湖底扇相属研究区内首次发现.湖底扇相可划分出扇中和扇缘2个亚相,辫状水道是扇中的主要微相,天然堤微相不发育.湖泊相发育滨浅湖和半深湖-深湖亚相.三角洲相分布在中油组主砂体上部的砂泥岩段中,由于上油组地层对中油组上部砂泥岩段的侵蚀作用较强烈,仅部分井残留三角洲沉积,所以三角洲不能构成研究区的有利储层.由北向南,中油组的沉积相平面组合为:辫状河流相—斜坡滨浅湖—半深湖(下切水道)—湖底扇相—深湖亚相.     

哈山地区烃源岩地球化学特征及油源对比

准噶尔盆地哈山地区发育有石炭系、二叠系、侏罗系等多套优质烃源岩,这使得确定各套含油层系原油的来源和油气成藏模式存在一定困难。在对研究区烃源岩评价的基础上,对烃源岩和原油样品的生物标志化合物特征进行对比分析,确定主要的烃源层。油源对比分析结果表明,侏罗系储层中原油来源分为两类:第Ⅰ类来源于二叠系烃源岩;第Ⅱ类主要来源于侏罗系暗色泥岩,可能混有少量来自二叠系的烃源油。二叠系储层中原油来源于二叠系本身烃源岩;石炭系储层中原油也来源于二叠系烃源岩。     

塔里木盆地顺北地区中下奥陶统流体改造与油气充注耦合关系

为明确顺北地区中下奥陶统流体改造与油气充注耦合关系,通过对方解石充填物进行阴极发光、流体包裹体显微镜下观察和油包裹体及其伴生盐水包裹体均一温度测试分析,结合方解石微区原位U-Pb同位素定年开展顺北地区中下奥陶统流体改造期次及序列、油气充注期次和时期及流体改造与油气充注耦合关系研究。结果表明：一间房组和鹰山组上段均经历多期流体改造,形成了具有不同阴极发光特征的多期方解石充填物,两者区别在于鹰山组地层未经历大气水改造;油包裹体荧光显示呈现蓝绿色-蓝白色,指示原油成熟度较高,且一间房组与油包裹体共生的盐水包裹体均一温度分布范围84℃～98℃,平均均一温度92.49℃和113℃～130℃,平均均一温度119.91℃、鹰山组上段均一温度分布范围91.2℃～104℃,平均均一温度96.1℃和112.7℃～128.1℃,平均均一温度119.97℃,表明存在加里东晚期和海西晚期-印支期两期油气充注,主成藏期为海西晚期-印支期。烃类包裹体宿主矿物方解石微区原位U-Pb测试表明,其主要形成于加里东中晚期（466.8±8Ma ～ 470.6±4.5Ma）,揭示油气充注发生在加里东晚期混源流体改造形成的具备红色-橙红色阴极发光特征方解石之后。     

塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系测井沉积相研究

根据常规组合测井、地层倾角测井及成像测井资料的测井相序列特征以及利用神经网络岩相处理结果，对塔中地区志留系沉积相类型及有利沉积相带的空间展布和古水流方向进行了研究。结果表明．将该区潮坪沉积划分为潮下带砂坪、潮间带砂泥坪和潮道、潮上带泥坪4个微相，与其他取心井段（或未取心井段）告屑录井的对比符合率较高；该区志留系塔塔埃尔塔格组（下砂岩段）主要物源来自西北方向，次要物源来自东北方向。利用常规测井解释的岩性剖面、岩心刻度测井处理解释的沉积学倾角结果（沉积构造和古水流）和神经网络岩相处理解释成果，建立了塔中地区志留系关键井的测井沉积亚、微相解释模型。该模型为工区关键井垂向旋回叠置关系和沉积体系的空间展布特征研究提供了连续的、较准确的岩相剖面，对于海陆过渡相的层序划分对比和在塔里木盆地寻找隐蔽油气藏亦有一定的借鉴作用。     

塔里木盆地轮南奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层类型测井识别方法

通过对具有孔隙、裂缝、溶洞复杂孔隙空间结构的碳酸盐岩储层的测井响应特征的研究,建立了针对塔里木盆地轮南地区碳酸盐岩储层储集空间的测井识别方法.即利用常规测井资料判别储层类型方法并结合成像测井资料来判断储层的储集空间类型.应用此方法,可以准确地认识碳酸盐岩的储集空间类型.     

塔里木盆地孔雀河地区构造特征及演化

孔雀河地区位于塔里木盆地东北部,从前震旦纪至今,经历了多期的构造变动和复杂的演化历史,形成了现今北西西-近东西向、北北东-近南北向、北北西向和北东东向基本断裂体系,同时断裂活动表现为多期性和继承性的特点;发育断背斜、断鼻、背斜及断块等构造圈闭类型,其分布具有东西分区、纵向分层的特征.纵向上,就中生界、古生界而言,下古生界较中生界发育,上古生界不发育;横向上,明显受断层控制,并沿主控断层走向方向成排成带展布;利用平衡剖面法,并结合区域构造研究成果将该区构造演化划为五个阶段:被动陆缘裂陷阶段(Z-O1)、拉张至挤压环境转变阶段(O2-S)、北东和北西向构造发育阶段(D-P1)、古生代构造的再生长及近东西向褶皱形成阶段(J)、大面积的整体升降运动阶段(K-Q).     

塔里木盆地塔东2井寒武系稠油分子化石与油源分析

综合运用同位素质谱、色谱、色谱-质谱技术手段研究了塔东2井寒武系稠油分子化石特征。结果表明，塔东2井寒武系稠油具高伽马蜡烷、高C28甾烷、低重排甾烷和高C27-三芳甾烷的特征，与寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩的分子化石特征类似，说明塔东2井寒武系原油源自寒武系-下奥陶烃源岩；塔东2井稠油中检出高丰度的稠环化合物（荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、屈、苯并荧蒽、苯并芘），全油的碳同位素值明显偏重，揭示了原油烃类经热蚀变发生稠化。