一种潮流能直驱式反渗透海水淡化低转速柱塞泵

针对潮流能直驱式反渗透海水淡化系统中,海水液压泵与水轮机转速不配比问题,提出了一种低转速、高容积效率的动外壳式多作用径向柱塞泵方案。该泵由动外壳、缸体、配流阀、柱塞组件、液体弹簧、管道轴和调压装置等组成。工作时,潮流能水轮机直接驱动外壳,多排错位轴对称的柱塞组件在液体弹簧的作用下紧贴外壳内壁,沿内壁多作用曲线相对缸体孔做往复运动,通过配流阀完成吸压海水。该泵利用单转多次作用方式,增加柱塞运动频率与速度,补偿低转速下因高压差产生的泄漏;利用动外壳式代替动缸体式或动斜盘式,将泵直接置于水轮机内,简化了系统结构;采用分组轴对称布置柱塞,消除了径向不平衡力;采用液体弹簧复位,使得复位迅速,安全可靠。仿真结果表明:该泵排量为202.9 mL/r,额定转速为50 r/min,额定压力为8 MPa;在额定工况下,当柱塞副单边间隙为10μm时,输出流量约为9.8 L/min,容积效率为96.6%,流量脉动为1.92%;配流阀启闭动作协调,单阀最大配流量为2.0 L/min;在保证容积效率下,额定转速降低至已有水液压轴向柱塞泵产品的5%左右。该柱塞泵可应用于以潮流能直驱的反渗透海水淡化系统、发电系统等核...     

迷宫蜂窝密封泄漏特性的实验测量和数值研究

为研究蜂窝孔径、径向间隙和运行工况对迷宫蜂窝密封泄漏特性的影响,采用静止密封泄漏特性实验测量平台,测量了7种压比和5种径向间隙下迷宫蜂窝密封的泄漏量。基于数值求解三维Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes方程和标准k-ε湍流模型的方法,研究了迷宫蜂窝密封的泄漏特性。分析了压比(1.05～1.6)、密封间隙(0.4～1.2 mm)、转速(0～8 000 r/min)和蜂窝孔径(0.8、1.6、3.2 mm)对迷宫蜂窝密封泄漏特性的影响,并与光滑面迷宫密封进行了对比。研究表明：迷宫蜂窝密封的泄漏量随着压比的增加而近似线性增大;密封流量系数随径向间隙增大而有所降低,降低最大值为10%。在转速低于3 000 r/min时,转速对迷宫蜂窝密封的泄漏量影响很小;当转速高于3 000 r/min时,蜂窝结构能够抑制流体的周向运动使迷宫蜂窝密封在高转速时具有更优的密封性能,流量系数明显下降,转速升高到8 000 r/min时密封流量系数最多降低到0转速时的51%。迷宫蜂窝密封流量系数随蜂窝孔径增大先减小后升高,在孔径为0.6 mm与齿宽相等时流量系数最低,此时流量系数比光滑面迷...     

油液属性对直线共轭内齿轮泵流动特性的影响

为了研究油液不同属性对直线共轭内齿轮泵流动特性的变化规律,系统分析了油液属性并建立了相应的数学模型;指出了油液属性变化的本质并解析了含气量、工作压力及油温对油液属性的影响规律;搭建了CFD动力学仿真模型并设计了正交试验方案;详细研究了不同试验条件下流量脉动、压力脉动、容积效率及总效率的变化情况并进行了试验验证．结果表明：变工况是引起油液属性变化的本质;压力脉动正相关于流量脉动;工作压力对流量脉动率、含气量对压力脉动率及总效率、油温对容积效率分别是影响最大的因子．     

三缸内燃式水泵输出压力及流量

对三缸内燃式水泵的主动力系统和输出系统进行动力学分析,建立三缸内燃式水泵的工作模型.采用MATLAB语言,对三缸内燃式水泵的输出压力和输出流量特性进行仿真研究,给出仿真曲线.输出压力随油门开度增加明显升高,受转速变化影响不大.输出流量在1400 r/min左右时最小,在容积效率较高(1600~1800 r/min)时,输出流量较大,此后随着转速的升高,输出流量也随之减小.输出流量受油门变化影响不大.并对三缸内燃式水泵与发动机驱动柱塞泵系统的输出特性进行对比分析,输出流量在全工况基本一致,而输出压力在全工况改善了20.67%~87.67%.     

动叶优化对跨声速压气机级性能影响的数值研究

为研究动叶优化对于整级性能的影响,用优化动叶代替原型动叶在0.8~1.1倍设计转速进行了数值研究。结果显示,动叶优化后整级的通流能力得到提升,设计转速下堵塞流量较原型提升了0.53%;级性能得到了提高,在1.0倍和1.1倍设计转速时最高效率分别提升了0.45%、0.44%。0.8~0.9倍设计转速时,压比和效率变化不明显;动叶流道内激波结构变化不明显,叶顶和叶根的激波强度有所增加,中径处激波强度降低;动叶优化后,静叶叶顶区域进口气流角明显增大,恶化了静叶叶顶吸力面的流动状态,导致静叶吸力面叶顶分离区增大,静叶出口总压损失系数增加。     

一种新型零矢量的二三导通无刷直流电机直接转矩控制系统研究

为了解决无刷直流电机转矩脉动幅值大的问题,提出一种新型零矢量的二三导通无刷直流电机直接转矩控制方法。该方法利用二相、三相交替导通的驱动方式,使用直接转矩控制方法,形成12个扇区,并定义了一种新型零矢量,改进了空间电压矢量选择表,降低了转矩脉动幅值。MATLAB仿真结果表明:当电机空载且以额定转速2 000 r/min运行时,相比于传统零矢量,新型零矢量能使转矩脉动幅值降低约40.94%;当电机负载为4.3 N·m且以500 r/min低速运转时,相比于传统零矢量,新型零矢量能使转矩脉动幅值降低约47.40%;当电机负载为4.3 N·m且以额定转速2 000 r/min高速运行时,新型零矢量使转矩脉动幅值降低约32.32%。不论电机运行于空载还是负载,低速还是高速,新型零矢量均能起到降低转矩脉动幅值的作用。该方法有效降低了电机的运行噪声,使电机运转更加平稳。新型零矢量可以应用于无刷直流电机的各种导通方式,对无刷直流电机应用于高性能场合具有重要意义。     

基于凸轮曲线的阀配流柱塞泵输出特性分析

为提高柱塞泵配流阀的响应特性,满足高速工况需求,提出一种应用于高响应轴向柱塞泵的凸轮组合方程曲线设计方法.以阀配流轴向柱塞泵为对象,分别搭建基于余弦方程、高次多项式与组合方程曲线的柱塞泵液压仿真模型,分析不同凸轮曲线对配流阀阀芯滞后特性的影响.计算不同凸轮曲线下泵的理论排量和瞬时排量,探究曲线对柱塞泵流量脉动的影响.结果表明:与余弦曲线相比,基于组合方程曲线的配流阀阀芯响应性至少提高了30％,但在该方程曲线下,柱塞泵仍存在一定的流量脉动,研究成果为轴向曲线式柱塞泵曲线的选型与优化提供理论依据.     

混合遗传算法下内啮合齿轮泵齿型参数优化

为减小内啮合齿轮泵的流量脉动,改善泵的工作性能,以PGH型渐开线内啮合齿轮泵为研究对象,建立该齿轮泵的流量脉动率和齿型参数的数学模型,分析外齿圈和内齿轮满足不同啮合关系时的瞬时流量,并依此建立优化模型;构建一种在传统遗传算法基础上改进并融合小生境运算的混合遗传算法,对分度圆压力角、变位系数、齿顶高系数等齿型参数进行优化,使得求解速度加快同时保持较好的收敛性,通过优化求解,得到了流量脉动率最低的PGH型渐开线内啮合齿轮泵齿型参数;计算结果表明:在满足结构要求和合理传动等条件下,经该方法优化后,内啮合齿轮泵的流量脉动率减小了7.27%,实现了内啮合齿轮泵降低流量脉动的目的.     

HFC410A空调系统中两级滑片式膨胀机的实验研究

针对HFC410A制冷空调系统开发的具有两级膨胀过程的滑片式膨胀机,其内容积比为7.66且满足HFC410A高容积膨胀比的要求,搭建了HFC410A制冷空调实验系统,并对不同工况和转速下的样机进行了实验研究。结果表明:两级滑片式膨胀机系统的性能系数(COP)最多提高11.7%,最大等熵效率为33.7%,在常规压比下膨胀机的最佳转速为1 300～1 400r/min;高压工况下摩擦损失减少,膨胀机输出功增大,有益于系统COP提升;过冷度增大,系统制冷量提高,有益于系统COP提升,但膨胀机回收功减小,相对于节流阀系统的COP提高率减小,膨胀机替换节流阀后的经济性优势降低,系统过冷度对膨胀机等熵效率和容积效率的影响较小。     

汽车空调压缩机气阀运动规律模拟

为了解决斜盘式汽车空调压缩机因进、排气阀片断裂导致失效的问题,建立了汽车空调压缩机工作过程的三维流固耦合模型,分析了压缩机内部工作过程和气阀的运动规律,并采用汽车空调压缩机性能实验进行了验证。研究结果表明:在进气压力为0.18MPa、排气压力为1.5MPa、转速为2 000r/min时,压缩机的平均进气压力损失为0.046 MPa、平均排气压力损失为0.11 MPa、压缩机的容积效率为64.98%;以进气阀片是否延迟为选择原则,阀片厚度存在一个最佳值0.281mm,若大于该厚度,则进气阀会关闭延迟,该结果与增加舌簧阀的阀片厚度可以缩短延迟关闭的结果相反。该结果对小型制冷压缩机舌簧阀的设计与优化具有指导意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that