列车移动荷载下饱和软黏土地基的长期沉降计算

借助空心圆柱扭剪仪开展偏应力空间中主应力轴心形线旋转路径的室内模拟,建立列车移动荷载引发的主应力轴心形旋转路径下土体的塑性累积模型和孔压模型;在动力有限元中引入等效移动列车荷载,并结合分层总和法的思想,建立高速列车移动荷载作用下饱和软黏土地基的长期沉降计算方法,进一步研究交通荷载下地基软土的长期变形规律。研究结果表明:总沉降量随着振次的增加而增大,其增大速率迅速减小,并在振动约250万次时出现拐点,总沉降速率趋于稳定,此时沉降量占4 a总沉降量的90%以上;土体总沉降量随着深度的增加而不断减小,整体沉降主要发生在距地面5 m以上部分,该部分的沉降量占总沉降量的95%以上;随着列车运行速度的增大,地基土层的总沉降增大,当列车速度超过临界速度时,地基的总沉降量反而大幅度减小。     

高铁动荷载对近接综合交通枢纽换乘中心施工的影响

为研究高速列车动荷载作用下基坑变形规律与稳定性,以洛阳龙门站综合交通枢纽—换乘中心基坑工程为依托,采用激振力函数模拟计算高速列车动荷载.运用Midas-GTS/NX有限元软件并结合现场监测数据对高速列车动荷载的不同作用形式、不同车速以及不同轴质量作用下换乘中心基坑的锚索轴力、桩体位移、桩后地表沉降等展开研究.研究结果表...     

列车动荷载影响下深基坑变形及隔振效果分析

为研究列车动荷载作用下深基坑支护结构变形规律以及评价隔离桩的隔振效果,以武汉市华中科创产业园超大深基坑工程为背景,采用激振力函数模拟计算列车动荷载;然后通过FLAC3D有限差分软件模拟分析列车动荷载以及隔离桩对深基坑支护结构的变形影响.将现场监测数据与数值计算结果对比分析,验证数值模拟方法的可靠性.研究结果表明:激振力函数模拟列车动荷载输入数值模型得到的基坑支护结构变形规律与现场实测基本一致;列车动荷载对基坑支护结构变形影响较小,列车动荷载作用下地表沉降和围护桩变形各增加了1.3、 3.6 mm;隔离桩对列车动荷载具有较好的隔振作用,使地表沉降和围护桩变形分别减小了28%、 6.8%.研究成果具有一定的实际推广价值,能为类似工程提供参考.     

基于力学-经验模型的交通荷载作用下软基长期沉降计算

为合理表征交通荷载循环作用下各因素对软土累积塑性应变的影响,并对运营期内车辆荷载引起的软土地基沉降进行有效预测,在总结归纳上海地区典型饱和软黏土动三轴试验基础上,充分衡量动、静偏应力耦合效应的影响,给出耦合应力水平的定义,利用耦合指数χ反映动、静偏应力的各自影响程度,以此对循环荷载影响下软土的强度弱化模型进行指数化修正;引入软化指数极限值,提出修正耦合应力水平的概念,建立起综合反映动、静偏应力耦合作用、固结围压、土体结构性、强度弱化及循环加载次数因素影响的软土累积塑性应变模型,并以此模型为基础进行交通荷载诱发的软土地基长期沉降计算,结合申嘉湖(上海—嘉兴—湖州)高速公路沉降实测数据对计算结果进行检验。研究结果表明:通过对强度弱化模型及累积塑性应变模型进行参数分析可知,耦合应力水平对模型的描述在等向、偏压固结状态下具有统一的适用性;申嘉湖高速公路长期沉降计算表明地基浅表层塑性变形最为显著;在运营初期理论计算曲线与实测曲线略有差异,在运营1年后两者差异逐渐减弱,后期保持较强的一致性;随着运营年限逐渐增大,沉降逐渐趋于稳定,预估通车550 d后软土地基累积沉降量达128 mm,与实测数据的相对误差仅为1.68%,说明该模型合理可靠。     

列车动荷载影响下深基坑支护结构变形及隔离桩隔振效果研究

随着城市轨道交通迅速发展,深基坑工程在已运营地铁旁施工已较为常见。为研究列车动荷载作用下深基坑支护结构变形规律以及评价隔离桩的隔振效果,以武汉市华中科创产业园超大深基坑工程为背景,采用激振力函数模拟计算列车动荷载,通过FLAC3D有限差分软件模拟分析列车动荷载以及隔离桩对深基坑支护结构变形的影响,并将现场监测数据与数值结果对比分析,验证数值模拟方法的可靠性。研究结果表明：激振力函数模拟列车动荷载输入数值模型得到的基坑支护结构变形规律与现场实测基本一致;列车动荷载对基坑支护结构变形影响较小,列车动荷载作用下地表沉降和围护桩变形各增加了1.3mm、3.6mm;隔离桩对列车动荷载具有较好的隔振作用,使地表沉降和围护桩变形分别减小了28%、6.8%。研究成果具有一定的实际推广价值,能为类似工程提供参考。     

地铁列车荷载计算方法对盾构隧道动力响应的影响

采用地铁列车移动轮载、激振力函数法和数定分析法计算得到上海地铁列车荷载时程,考虑管片-土体及管片间的接触特性和纵向螺栓的连接作用,建立道床-管片-土体系统的三维动力有限元模型,分析比较了3种计算方法所得隧道结构动力响应的差异.研究表明:3种方法所得道床和土体单元动应力以及道床点位移时程曲线基本一致;基于实测数据的数定分析法适用于地铁列车荷载引起的环境振动评价,移动轮载和激振力函数法均会导致加速度频谱分布产生误差.     

高速铁路桩承式结构路基地基沉降计算方法

采用Mindlin-Boussinesq联合求解桩间土的附加应力,再根据e-lgp曲线法(e为孔隙比,p为土体压力)计算地基沉降的方法对高速铁路两种刚性桩桩承式结构地基进行了沉降计算,并与现行计算方法及现场实测数据进行对比分析.分析表明:现有规范计算方法对高速铁路路基荷载作用下刚性桩桩承式结构,及超固结或结构性较强的地基土体沉降计算有局限性;Mindlin-Boussinesq联合求解刚性桩桩承式结构地基中桩间土的附加应力沿深度的分布规律符合实际工程分布情况;Mindlin-Boussinesq联合求解附加应力并根据e-lgp曲线法计算地基沉降的方法的计算沉降值与实测值较为接近,并能考虑刚性桩复合结构地基设置参数情况及地基土应力历史等影响因素.     

冲击荷载作用下地基土变形及动力特性

为研究冲击荷载作用下地基土变形及动力特性,在ABAQUS框架内,采用Mohr-Coulomb模型、刚体冲击荷载、非线性大变形有限元算法及ALE(arbitrary lagrangian eulerian)自适应技术,计算了变形、应力和加速度。计算与现场试验结果基本一致,验证了模型的合理性。以该模型为基础,研究了不同能级、不同冲击次数、不同土体弹模对地基土体变形、应力、速度及加速度的影响。结果表明:夯沉量、隆起高度与夯击能呈线性关系,夯沉量和弹性模量近似呈线性关系;冲击荷载作用下土体呈弹塑性变形→弹性变形逐渐恢复→仅剩塑性沉降变形;冲击能量沿40°～45°向下传递且不断衰减,在施工过程宜合理确定夯间距,分遍错位夯实,确保土体得以有效处理;竖向应力时程曲线呈近似三角形形状,仅出现一次峰值应力。     

地铁列车荷载引起隧道基底长期沉降研究

地铁隧道在投入运营后,由于地铁列车荷载引起隧道基底的变形与稳定已成为亟待解决的问题.为研究运营期昆明地铁在列车荷载作用下隧道基底长期沉降变形,首先通过人工激振力函数法确定地铁列车荷载时程曲线.其次采用有限单元法,建立地铁隧道基底土体的动力响应的数值模型,揭示隧道基底土层的动力反应特性.最后采用Li和Selig提出修正指数模型预测昆明地铁在列车循环荷载作用下隧道基底的长期沉降变形.研究结果表明:地铁列车荷载产生动应力主要影响范围在隧道底部0~5m;昆明地铁三号线运营10年后的隧道基底的累计沉降值约为14.3mm,第一年的沉降值约占运营前10年累计沉降值的52%.     

考虑扰动影响的地基非线性沉降分层总和分析方法

为预测工程地基土体沉降,针对受到施工扰动影响的地基土,基于扰动状态概念分别以抗剪强度和相对密实度为扰动参量建立扰动因子函数,从而提出能够考虑扰动影响的地基土修正Duncan-Chang模型.首先,考虑地基土实际应力状态,将地基土沉降变形视为由附加静水压力和附加偏应力引起的两部分变形之和,建立地基土沉降变形分析模型;其次,考虑地基土的应力历史并采用分级加载分析方法,给出了不同埋深地基土初始变形模量的确定方法;然后,基于虎克定律和修正Duncan-Chang模型并采用分级加载分析方法分别建立由附加静水压力和附加偏应力作用下的地基沉降变形计算模型,给出了考虑附加应力影响的地基土变形模量的确定方法;最后,将本文方法应用于工程实例并进行了沉降变形分析.研究结果表明:本文方法在反映地基土扰动程度、应力状态和应力历史等方面具有一定的优越性和可行性,其计算结果符合沉降预测规律.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that