航空发动机插板式进气压力畸变紊流度分布

根据试验的结果,插板式进气畸变脉动压力在发动机进口可分为未扰动区、掺混区和低压区。紊流的主要能量分布在掺混区内,具有低频和宽泛的幅值特征,基本服从正态分布。其主要能量分布在100 Hz以内,其幅值较低压区高6倍,是影响畸变度的主要区域。对其它两个区域的紊流分布也进行了分析,得到了其统计分析结果。还发现,随插板升高,特别是在发动机接近失稳时,脉动压力能量逐渐向一固定频段收敛,该低频段幅值大幅升高并充满畸变流场,并引起发动机失稳。初步分析认为:可能是进气道内的气流在强烈的紊流扰动下,出现了自激振荡现象。     

某型航空发动机对插板式进气畸变的响应

为得到较为准确的发动机对进气畸变的稳定性响应模型,首先分析了由实验所得到的某型航空涡扇发动机进口扰流插板产生的稳态总压畸变和紊流分布。相对于压气机转子进口,将周向分布的稳态总压畸变和截面脉动压力处理成为一组不同频率的压力激励波形分布。通过频谱分析得到:在发动机失稳前,稳态畸变形成的波形频率最低,幅值最大,是引起发动机失稳的主要原因。对该组合畸变激励波用一阶响应模型进行动态修正并使用平行压气机分析模型,得到了经修正的压气机喘振边界和得到改善的发动机进气畸变响应模型。最后分别计算了高、低压压气机逐步失稳的工作点移动过程。结果表明:与压气机出口实验失稳波形十分接近,该模型准确可行。     

侧风滑跑条件下的地面涡气动特性数值研究

以缩比的近地面短舱进气道为研究对象,通过数值计算的方法得出侧风来流条件下地面涡的流场特征和气动特性,着重研究飞机滑跑对地面涡的影响。研究表明:在无相对滑跑时,速度比和离地间隙是影响地面涡特性的重要因素。来流速度越大,离地高度越高,地面涡的强度就越高;进气畸变主要受来流速度影响,流速越高,畸变程度越严重。有相对滑跑时,重点考虑来流速度和滑跑速度对地面涡的影响。来流速度对进气畸变影响很大,畸变指数随着风速升高而增大;滑跑速度是地面涡强度的主要影响因素,滑跑速度越高,地面涡强度越弱。     

侧风滑跑条件下的地面涡气动特性研究

以缩比的近地面短舱进气道为研究对象,通过数值计算的方法得出侧风来流条件下地面涡的流场特征和气动特性,着重研究飞机滑跑对地面涡的影响。研究表明：在无相对滑跑时,速度比和离地间隙是影响地面涡特性的重要因素。来流速度越大,离地高度越高,地面涡的强度就越高;进气畸变主要受来流速度影响,流速越高,畸变程度越严重。有相对滑跑时,重点考虑来流速度和滑跑速度对地面涡的影响。来流速度对进气畸变影响很大,畸变指数随着风速升高而增大;滑跑速度是地面涡强度的主要影响因素,滑跑速度越高,地面涡强度越弱。     

航空发动机吸雨试验中进气道内水滴粒径变化

为了研究航空发动机吞水试验中,进气道内水滴粒径的变化,通过DPM模型数值仿真的方法,研究了吸雨模拟试验中发动机不同状态下进气道内水滴粒径的变化。计算结果展示了水滴进入进气道后粒径变化和液滴分布,结果表明：发动机不同状态下,不同初始粒径的水滴进入进气道后,液滴的平均体积直径和索太尔平均直径均急剧减小并维持在恒定值;发动机最大状态下,喷水装置以50°锥角喷射,水滴会随气流向进气道中心轴收敛,不同喷嘴喷出的水滴之间存在干涉;慢车状态下,进气道内水滴分布更加广泛,液滴直径值大于最大状态时,靠近进气道边缘的喷嘴会有一部分水滴打在唇口上,并飞溅至进气道外。     

进气道/发动机相容性评价体系的完善与发展

回顾了进气道/发动机相容性评价体系的历史发展,概括了该领域的国内外研究现状,对国内以后的工作给出了建议。在分析技术发展的基础上,指出了未来先进进气道和发动机将会带来的新问题。为解决进气道/发动机相容性领域内新的挑战,提出：应将旋流畸变和耐久性畸变试验纳入进气道/发动机相容性评价体系;发展具有瞬态畸变模拟能力的畸变发生器;充分利用地面试车台和空中试车台进行各种畸变的模拟以对发动机进行全面的稳定性评定;在飞行试验中深入研究进气畸变条件下发动机性能以及工作稳定性的变化。     

插板式静态进气畸变数值模拟与试验验证

采用插板的方法模拟进气道畸变对某型发动机进行了进气道／发动机匹配工作稳定性的数值模拟,选取了nlcor=70％、75％、82％、89％、96.7％ 5个工作状态。对进气道出口稳态压力畸变、周向不均匀度的计算与试验结果进行对比分析,得出了与试验结果一致稳态压力畸变。结果表明:发动机换算转速一定时,周向不均匀度随插板高度变化是非线性的,在插板高度大于30％D时,周向不均匀度开始剧增;插板高度一定时,周向不均匀度随发动机换算转速的变化也是非线性的,在换算转速为82％变化较大。     

进气道/发动机相容性评价体系的完善与发展

回顾了进气道/发动机相容性评价体系的历史发展,概括了该领域的国内外研究现状,对国内以后的工作给出了建议.在分析技术发展的基础上,指出了未来先进进气道和发动机将会带来的新问题.为解决进气道/发动机相容性领域内新的挑战,提出:应将旋流畸变和耐久性畸变试验纳入进气道/发动机相容性评价体系;发展具有瞬态畸变模拟能力的畸变发生器;充分利用地面试车台和空中试车台进行各种畸变的模拟以对发动机进行全面的稳定性评定;在飞行试验中深入研究进气畸变条件下发动机性能以及工作稳定性的变化.     

壅塞可调固体火箭冲压发动机性能计算

综合给出了二维超声速进气道特性,并将其应用于壅塞可调固体火箭冲压发动机性能计算中,建立了壅塞可调固体火箭冲压发动机特性计算方法.通过调节燃气发生器喷管喉道面积保持给定空燃比不变.根据飞行速度/高度计算出了发动机非设计点性能和相应的燃气发生器喉道面积变化规律.结果表明,飞行速度/高度对燃气发生器喉道面积调节计划产生相当大的影响;当飞行高度低于设计高度时,高度变化明显改变进气道-发动机匹配工作点,高空低马赫数飞行时,进气道位于严重亚临界工作状态,明显降低了超声速进气道稳定工作范围.     

超声速进气道与火箭冲压发动机性能匹配研究

综合给出了二维超声速进气道内特性,并将其与整体固体火箭冲压发动机性能匹配计算相结合,建立了整体固体火箭冲压发动机特性计算一维模型与方法.选择进气道不同状态作为设计点,根据飞行速度/高度计算出了发动机非设计点性能和相应的进气道与发动机在非设计状态下的匹配点轨迹及性能.结果表明,超声速进气道设计点选取至关重要,它不仅影响整体固体冲压发动机性能,而且严重影响超声速进气道稳定工作范围.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~