实验条件下突角漠甲(鞘翅目:拟步甲科)生物学特性研究

在宁夏银川室内自然条件下研究了突角漠甲的生物学特性.结果表明,突角漠甲3 a发生1代,以成虫和不同龄期的幼虫在沙土中越冬;成虫于4～9月份交尾产卵,卵期为10～14 d;幼虫一般为7龄,幼虫期长达1.8～2.0a,幼虫经过2次越冬于第3年6月中旬至8月下旬化蛹,蛹期为10～12 d;羽化成虫经210～280 d性成熟开...     

美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae生物学特性研究

室内和田间研究结果表明:美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyzasativae成虫羽化大多在10:00～14:00羽化。其羽化率为70%～95%,性比为1∶1,成虫寿命在平均气温30 7℃时,1～4d;平均气温18 9℃时,最长达24d。雌成虫用产卵器刺破叶表皮取食,每雌24h内平均可造成11个取食点,雄成虫在雌成虫造成的取食点上取食。成虫具有趋光性、趋绿性、趋上性和趋黄性,一张18 4cm×14 8cm的诱虫黄卡20d可诱杀成虫2280头。卵历期在平均气温28 6℃时,为3～4d,19 5℃时为10d,15 4℃时为14d。幼虫历期在平均气温23 6℃时为4d,19 5℃时为6d,19 1℃时为8d,幼虫在豇豆上的潜道平均长76cm,潜食速度随着龄期增大而加快。前蛹期一般为2 1～3 5h,前蛹具负趋光性。蛹历期在平均气温28 02℃条件下为8～9d,蛹期与温度呈负相关。     

郑州地区丝带凤蝶形态、生物学特性和生活史研究

通过野外观察、室内饲养等方法对郑州地区丝带凤蝶的生活史及生物学习性进行研究,记录了丝带凤蝶卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫等各虫态、各虫龄的发育历期和生物学习性.结果表明:丝带凤蝶在郑州地区一年发生4代,以蛹在石缝、落叶或土中越冬.卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫发育历期分别为:5~7d,19~24d,7~9d,12~15d,其中1~5龄幼虫发育历期分别为:3~5d、3~4d、4~7d、4~6d、5~7d.以蛹越冬,越冬蛹期190~220d.初孵幼虫无取食卵壳行为,低龄幼虫有群集取食习性.另外,对各虫态、各虫龄的外部形态也进行了详细描述.     

天目山苎麻珍蝶生物学特性与生境调查初步研究

在室内外分别对苎麻珍蝶(Acraea issoria Hübner)各虫态的形态特征、生活史、生活习性等生物学特性以及生境状况进行了初步观察.在浙江地区该蝶一年发生2代,第1代成虫出现在8月中下旬,第2代成虫于次年5月下旬到6月中旬出现.在室内饲养的条件下,卵期为6～7 d,幼虫6～8龄,幼虫期第一代80 d左右,第二代120 d左右,蛹期第一代7 d左右,第二代约为11 d左右,成虫期2～3 d,幼虫以荨麻科(Urticaceae)苎麻(Boehmeria nivea).荨麻(Unica fissa)等植物叶片为食.     

金斑喙凤蝶广西亚种生活史研究

报道金斑喙凤蝶广西亚种(Teinopalpus aureus guangxiensisChou et Zhou)自然条件下的生活史,描述了各时期虫态的形态特征。该蝶在广西大瑶山自然保护区1年发生2代,成虫每年4月下旬至6月上旬和7月上旬至9月上旬活动。卵期14~15 d。幼虫5龄,各龄期为:1龄8~9 d,2龄7~8 d,3龄9~10 d,4龄9~10 d,5龄16~18 d。夏蛹期2~3个月,越冬蛹6~7个月。     

蓝目天蛾生物学特性

蓝目天蛾在西宁地区每年发生2代,以蛹在寄主植物附近5—10cm深的土层中作土室越冬。翌年5月中旬开始,越冬代成虫陆续羽化出土,6月中旬达到高峰。当年第一代成虫7月下旬始见,8月下旬至9月上旬达到高峰。成虫具有较强的趋光性,平均寿命30d。每雌产卵量250粒左右,卵多散产于嫩枝或粗枝的隐面,卵期平均8d。幼虫5个龄期,完成发育平均历期37d,取食约160片柳叶。蛹期20d。7、8月份以第一代的幼虫危害较重。     

鳞翅目昆虫成虫翅斑多样型的新发现——变色夜蛾(Enmonodia vespertilio Fobricius)形态特征及生物学特性

变色夜蛾幼虫主要危害观赏树木合欢,其成虫颜色有浅有深,前翅有黑棕色斑点1～5个,同一数量的斑点有斑点分离型、斑点愈合型、斑点镶嵌型和白斑镶嵌型的变化.经研究发现有41种斑点排列,有的成虫左右翅斑点排列也不一样,这在鳞翅目昆虫中实属罕见.该虫在河北冀东地区一年发生两代.以蛹越冬,蛹期269 d.翌年6月上旬为羽化盛期.6月～7月产第1代卵,6月中旬～7月下旬幼虫作害.幼虫经7龄,第1代蛹期15～17 d,7月下旬出现成虫,7月下旬～9月上旬产卵,7月中旬～8月中旬幼虫作害,9月上旬陆续化蛹越冬.     

鳞翅目昆虫成虫翅斑多样型的新发现——变色夜蛾（Enmonodia vespertilio Fabricius）形态特征及生物学特性

变色夜蛾幼虫主要危害观赏树木合欢,其成虫颜色有浅有深,前翅有黑棕色斑点1～5个,同一数量的斑点有斑点分离型、斑点愈合型、斑点镶嵌型和白斑镶嵌型的变化。经研究发现有41种斑点排列,有的成虫左右翅斑点排列也不一样,这在鳞翅目昆虫中实属罕见。该虫在河北冀东地区一年发生两代。以蛹越冬,蛹期269d。翌年6月上旬为羽化盛期,6月～7月产第1代卵,6月中旬～7月下旬幼虫作害。幼虫经7龄,第1代蛹期15～17d,7月下旬出现成虫,7月下旬～9月上旬产卵,7月中旬～8月中旬幼虫作害,9月上旬陆续化蛹越冬。     

瘦直扁足甲记述

瘦直扁足甲(Blindus strigosus)成虫喜阴湿,性激敏,受刺激后防御腺会分泌带有刺激性气味的液体。成虫产卵期长,印发育期7～12 d,幼虫7龄,4月中旬至8月下旬化蛹,蛹期6～17d,以成虫和幼虫越冬。     

鞭角华扁叶蜂允许为害测度与抽样分析

为摸索鞭角华扁叶蜂允许为害指标和抽样技术,通过摘叶模拟危害测定其允许为害水平,并开展了鞭角华扁叶蜂的生活史、食叶量、空间分布和抽样技术等研究。结果表明鞭角华扁叶蜂1年发生1代,以老熟幼虫在土中筑土室变为预蛹越夏、越冬,幼虫为害期为5月中旬至7月上旬,虫龄为7龄,滞育期幼虫长达290~330 d。饲养观察幼虫平均食叶量为3.64 g/条,取叶量集中在5~7龄幼虫占总食叶量的84.26%。柏木鲜叶量与胸径之间的关系为W=551.477 2+360.599 6D+58.947 2D2。摘叶模拟危害各失叶强度的方差和多重比较分析认为：失叶强度35%、50%与对照相比,在胸径、树高生长量方面没有显著差异;材积生长量方面呈显著差异,失叶强度50%时与对照差异显著,35%时与对照没有显著差异。据此,确定失叶强度35%为允许为害水平,以食叶量、鲜叶量来推算为害期幼虫允许为害指标,利用繁殖量公式来推算滞育期幼虫允许为害指标。滞育期幼虫空间分布为聚集分布,分布成分为个体群,利用Iwao模型的α、β值和允许为害指标,确定抽样理论数和序贯抽样模式,对角线法、Z字形法和平行线法抽样没有显著差异。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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