考虑锯齿状节理的桩岩界面模型试验研究

针对嵌岩灌注桩嵌入软弱岩层的工况,考虑成桩过程中桩岩界面的剪胀效应,采用常法向刚度边界条件(CNS)模拟软岩对桩身的侧向变形约束,开展了模拟桩岩界面侧阻力发挥的室内大尺寸直剪模型试验.将桩-岩接触面的粗糙体简化为规则的三角形锯齿,根据不同的半波长分别制作了砂岩和混凝土试样,得到了剪切荷载、剪切位移、法向荷载和法向位移之间的关系曲线.试验结果表明,软岩锯齿的法向剪胀角随着剪切位移的增加呈非线性减小,且界面抗剪强度的发挥与法向约束刚度、粗糙体半波长和剪切位移等密切相关;同时,在考虑软岩表面锯齿的弹性压缩对界面剪胀角影响的基础上,采用幂函数拟合了软岩抗剪强度的经验关系式.最后,将试验结果与现有理论模型结果对比,表明了现有模型忽略桩岩界面剪胀角的非线性变化将高估嵌岩灌注桩侧阻力的发挥,这在实际工程中将偏于不安全.     

不同桩侧粗糙度下桩侧阻力分析

为了探讨桩侧的粗糙程度对桩侧阻力的影响,以嵌岩桩为例,通过室内模型试验和数值模拟分析对该问题进行了研究.结果表明桩侧孔壁粗糙程度直接影响着桩侧阻力的大小和分布,也影响着桩侧阻力的发展进程.认识到:当桩侧从光滑到具有一定粗糙度时,桩侧阻力有很大幅度的增长,但随着粗糙度的进一步提高,桩侧阻力提高的幅度将减小.施工时可通过一定的技术方法增加孔壁的粗糙度,从而提高钻孔灌注桩的承载力.     

桩-岩界面胶结作用影响下软岩嵌岩桩承载特征

为研究竖向荷载作用下嵌岩桩桩-岩界面水泥浆的胶结作用对其剪切特性及嵌岩桩的荷载传递性质的影响规律,针对桩-岩界面剪切过程中的胶结弹性变形、滑动剪胀和剪切滑移三个阶段特点,建立了考虑胶结作用影响下的各阶段桩-岩界面剪切本构模型.根据软岩嵌岩桩桩-岩界面粗糙体磨损特性,利用滑移线场法原理分析并得到了嵌岩桩极限剪胀位移.基于荷载传递理论,推导并建立了软岩嵌岩桩荷载传递解析模型.依据所建立的模型并结合实例验证方法,进一步分析了胶结作用影响下桩侧岩石力学特性等因素对嵌岩桩桩侧摩阻力的影响规律.研究结果表明:桩-岩界面胶结作用使剪胀区域桩侧摩阻力明显增大;随着桩侧岩石弹性模量的增大,胶结作用对剪胀区桩侧摩阻力的增强效应越明显,对剪切区域桩侧摩阻力弱化效应越大.当计算软岩嵌岩桩极限承载力时,桩-岩界面胶结作用的影响不可忽略.     

剪切荷载作用下砂岩断裂面粗糙度三维统计分析

利用自主研发煤岩剪切-渗流耦合实验装置与三维立体扫描仪对剪切荷载作用下砂岩断裂面粗糙度三维统计信息进行了实验研究,从其断裂面扫描直观图、断裂面等高线分布图、断裂面剖面轮廓线等方面探讨了剪切荷载作用下砂岩断裂面三维粗糙度分布特性.结果表明:砂岩在剪切荷载作用下发生断裂破坏时,其变形特性曲线变化趋势一致,断裂面直观特征存在个体差异,但断裂面粗糙高度分布均近似于正态分布;沿剪切方向与垂直于剪切方向剖面轮廓线特征不同,不能反映断裂面整体特征;分析了粗糙度参数JRC,RL与RS之间关系,JRC值与RL值之间呈近似线性关系,RS值与JRC平均值线性拟合度相对于JRC与RL值线性拟合度更好,JRC平均值更能反映断裂面整体三维特征.     

贵州软质较破碎白云岩嵌岩桩竖向承载力分析

针对嵌岩桩只适用于完整和较完整岩体,且往往被视为端承桩的情况,以贵州两个工程项目的软质较破白云岩嵌岩桩为研究对象,其持力层岩体均较破碎,通过锚桩横梁反力装置桩基静载荷试验,分析软质较破碎岩嵌岩桩竖向承载力,探讨此类地质条件下嵌岩桩承载特性。研究结果表明,该区软质较破碎白云岩嵌岩桩桩顶荷载-位移曲线主要呈缓变型,沉降由桩身压缩控制,嵌岩段桩侧摩阻力发挥较好,荷载分担比例在30%~50%之间。根据经验参数计算及实测对比研究,得出实测嵌岩桩竖向承载力比计算值高出数倍。     

大直径嵌岩桩桩端极限承载力计算方法

为更加准确获得大直径嵌岩桩桩端极限承载力,假定桩端岩体整体连续滑裂破坏、桩周岩体剪切破坏、桩周岩体微裂纹断裂破坏3种可能的极限状态,基于岩体二维、三维Hoek-Brown(H-B)破坏准则、岩体微裂纹Ⅰ-Ⅱ型复合判据,提出4种大直径嵌岩桩桩端岩体极限承载力的计算方法.引用现有实测数据对所提出的计算方法进行对比分析和验证,结果表明所提出的4种计算方法均比较接近实测值,尤其是基于Ⅰ-Ⅱ型复合判据的桩周岩体微裂纹断裂的桩端极限承载力计算结果与实测值最为接近.进一步研究了大直径嵌岩桩的尺寸效应,研究表明,桩端极限荷载与嵌岩深度及桩径密切相关,嵌岩桩桩端极限荷载随嵌固深度的增大而增大,而随桩径的增大而减小.4种计算方法中基于Ⅰ-Ⅱ型复合判据的桩周岩体微裂纹断裂计算方法与现场实测规律更加相符.     

剑麻纤维复合基材土岩界面剪切性能试验

为揭示剑麻纤维掺量与界面粗糙度对土-岩界面剪切力学性能的影响规律,采用表面起伏的混凝土模块作为岩面相似材料,进行了一系列的改进室内直剪试验,并结合扫描电镜试验进一步分析了剑麻纤维参与强化界面剪切性能的机理。结果表明:剑麻纤维通过提高黏聚力提高土-混凝土界面间的剪切力学性能；纤维添加量为0.8%的土-混凝土界面黏聚力提高80%~500%,内摩擦角提高10%~20%；界面粗糙度主要通过提高黏聚力增强界面剪切力学性能,6.5 mm粗糙度的界面黏聚力增量为7~15.5.kPa,提高20%~300%；对于素土界面和掺纤维界面,粗糙度对土-混凝土界面间剪切力学性能的强化表现为2种模式,加入纤维的界面黏聚力关于粗糙度的增长关系上,粗糙度的最优值出现在较小区间(0~2.5 mm)。     

节理面形貌参数相关性分析及粗糙度量化分级研究

以岩石自然节理面为研究对象,对节理面形貌进行了测量,建立了节理面三维形貌图,在此基础上计算得到了5个形貌参数,以中心线平均高度均方根为基准,对参数之间的相关性进行了研究.在形貌参数测量的基础上,选取3个形貌参数,采用模糊数学方法,实现节理面粗糙度的量化,对粗糙度进行了分级,并对形貌参数与粗糙程度指标之间的依存关系进行了研究.研究表明,中心线平均高度与均方根呈线性正比例关系,峰态系数、偏度系数及表面微凸体倾角均方根值与中心线平均高度均方根值的比值与中心线平均高度的均方根值为幂函数关系.粗糙度量化分级研究结果表明,粗糙度量化分级指标与静摩擦因数及静摩擦角有明显正比例线性关系,静摩擦因数、静摩擦角及量化分级指标与中心线平均高度均方根值的比值与中心线平均高度均方根值为幂函数关系.通过各参数相互之间的定量函数关系,可得到相关性系数,进而实现形貌参数对节理面粗糙程度及摩擦力的估算.     

桩距对陡岩河岸墩式码头群桩基础竖向承载特性影响研究

采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立陡岩群桩系统三维模型,通过改变桩距、桩嵌岩深度等参数,分析陡岩群桩(四边形四桩)的竖向承载特性.研究表明,不同桩距和桩嵌岩深度条件下陡岩群桩(四边形四桩)竖向承载能力,是群桩径向膨胀与桩前岩体缺失效应、桩后岩体增强效应、承台刚度综合作用的体现.当桩距S≥4D时,不宜将承台作刚性假设.当桩距S≥5D时,群桩竖向极限承载力减小幅度、竖向承载群桩效应系数减小幅度均已超过10%(与桩距S=3D的群桩相比).在竖向荷载作用下,随着桩距的增加,承台更易于受压变形,群桩体系空间效应增强,各桩桩顶沉降的差异亦逐渐明显.     

基于高斯滤波法剪切作用下节理表面形貌演化

选取2类岩石节理试样进行3种法向应力条件下的剪切试验,采用高精度三维激光形貌仪Talysurf CLI 2000获取节理表面三维形貌图,并基于高斯滤波法,将原始节理表面分离为波纹度表面与粗糙度表面,通过计算节理表面粗糙度系数比(S)与表面磨损度(Ds),研究剪切作用下节理表面形貌变化规律。结果表明:起伏体的破坏使得波纹度表面和粗糙度表面的整体粗糙程度均出现明显下降;波纹度表面磨损度随着法向应力的增大而增大,而粗糙度表面磨损度在首次剪切后最大,且大于波纹度表面磨损度;法向应力较低时原始节理表面形貌变化主要取决于粗糙度表面,法向应力较高时节理表面形貌变化则由波纹度表面控制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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