岩石抗剪强度计算的稳健回归模型及其应用

 针对岩石抗剪强度确定中图解法和最小二乘法存在的问题：① 只适用于实验数据相关性较高的情况,不适用于数据离散并有异常值存在的情况;② 在处理由试验法获得的试验数据时,最小二乘法由于采用残差平方和,容易夸大试验数据中异常值的影响,提出了岩石抗剪强度参数的稳健回归分析方法。该方法在实验数据相关性差、数据离散并有异常值存在的情况下,具备削弱数据离散和对异常值进行定位的能力,提高了估计参数的稳健性和可靠性。该方法以残差的绝对值之和代替残差平方和,并通过复形法求得力学参数,避免了异常值的二次项,可有效地减少异常值的影响。通过工程实例表明,在试验数据的相关性较好时,两种方法的计算结果相差不大,但当试验数据的相关性较差,存在异常值时,稳健回归方法的计算结果要优于最小二乘法。     

岩土抗剪强度参数确定的模糊拟合方法

根据岩土抗剪强度试验数据的随机性与模糊性特点,首先,在传统随机线性回归分析方法基础上,采用试验值相对估计值的隶属度以反映其间偏离程度及其所具有的模糊性,并将隶属度作为残差权值以减少异常试验数据对拟合结果的影响,从而建立出岩土抗剪强度参数确定的模糊拟合方法.其次,引进模糊随机可靠性理论,对利用模糊拟合法确定的岩土抗剪强度参数进行可靠性评价,确保岩土抗剪强度参数取值的可靠性.然后,根据岩土抗剪强度参数的区间性特点,建立岩土抗剪强度参数取值的区间方法,从而使岩土抗剪强度参数确定方法能反映工程实际.最后,工程实例计算并与同类方法的比较分析表明:本文方法是有效的.     

城市固体垃圾的抗剪强度参数

在垃圾填埋场设计中,合理地确定垃圾土的抗剪强度参数是十分重要但又困难的工作.城市固体垃圾的抗剪强度参数与正应力水平及轴向应变(或剪切位移)有相关性.根据大量的试验数据及近年来发生的垃圾填埋场失稳案例反分析的结果,建议采用双线性的抗剪强度包线来表征城市固体垃圾的抗剪强度,当正应力为0至60 kPa时,c'= 22 kPa, φ'= 36°,正应力大于60 kPa时,c'= 30 kPa 和φ'= 31°.     

关于边坡岩体抗剪强度计算参数取值方法的探讨

边坡岩体抗剪强度参数是影响边坡稳定性的主要地质因素之一.本文总结了确定岩体抗剪强度参数的常用方法和影响参数选取的主要因素,指出岩体的抗剪强度参数的确定应采用多种方法,以获得合理可行的结果.     

考虑张拉及剪切破坏的强度折减法在岩土工程中的应用

分析了岩(土)材料在不同应力情况下的破坏特征,指出对岩(土)结构起作用的强度指标除抗剪强度指标c、tanφ外,还应包含抗拉强度指标T,原强度折减法在强度折减过程中过高地考虑了抗拉强度,导致计算偏危险.因此,在有限元强度折减法计算岩土工程的安全系数时应保证抗拉强度指标与抗剪强度指标同等减少,即采用“抗拉剪强度折减法”.通过4个非常典型的算例模型:一般边坡、钟乳石、隧道、陡边坡验证了“抗拉剪强度折减法”提出的必要性和正确性.研究表明,改进的强度折减法在岩土工程中具有更加普遍的适用性.     

岳阳地区典型黏性土地基抗剪强度指标经验公式研究

针对岳阳地区典型的黏性土地基,进行了不同排水条件下的直剪试验,获得了大量直剪强度指标试验数据．基于试验数据的整理,提出了抗剪强度指标归一化参数的概念及定义式;对不同条件下的归一化参数分析表明,影响该参数的主要因素是液性指数,并给出了4个归一化参数随液性指数的变化曲线和相应的经验公式．基于归一化参数及快剪强度指标,可计算出更耗时的固结快剪、固结慢剪抗剪强度指标．本文研究思路和经验公式可为岳阳地区典型黏性土地基抗剪强度指标的确定提供新的途径,该方法可推广至其它地区或其它类型地基土的抗剪强度指标的确定．     

SRC柱抗剪承载力影响参数的灰色关联分析

基于灰色系统理论的关联度分析方法,利用已有型钢混凝土(SRC)柱抗剪承载力的试验研究资料,对20根剪压破坏的型钢混凝土柱抗剪强度的影响因素进行关联度计算,得出各试验参数对型钢混凝土柱斜截面抗剪承载力影响程度的大小排序.结果表明,影响型钢混凝土柱抗剪承载力的试验参数,从大到小排列依次为型钢腹板的面积、混凝土强度、剪跨比、箍筋和轴力.同时,通过对试验数据的回归,提出型钢混凝土柱抗剪承载力的计算公式,经验证和试验结果吻合较好.     

高分解度泥炭土直剪抗剪强度特性及机理

基于大量室内压缩-直剪联合试验结果,系统分析了取自昆明市和大理市3个不同场地典型高分解度泥炭土的直剪抗剪强度特性及机理。试验结果表明:固结快剪、快剪和慢剪所得泥炭土的剪应力~剪切位移关系曲线表现出不同的形态;固结快剪和慢剪时,随着法向应力的增大,剪切变形从塑性变形转变为弹塑性变形为主;不同法向应力下,快剪的剪切变形均以塑性变形为主。高分解度泥炭土抗剪强度包线近似为相交的2段不同斜率的直线;固结快剪和慢剪抗剪强度包线转折点对应的法向应力σs约为200 k Pa,快剪时σs约为100 k Pa。通过分析泥炭土固结压缩变形特性并建立压缩-剪切微结构模型,分析了其抗剪强度来源及演化机理。机理分析表明:随着法向应力增大,高分解度泥炭土经历了从多孔隙状态至相对密实状态的转变,导致其抗剪强度及抗剪强度参数发生相应改变。     

钢筋混凝土梁柱节点抗剪强度计算模型

对3个常用的节点核心区抗剪强度计算模型进行介绍和分析.计算结果表明：3个模型的理论计算结果的离散度较大,与试验结果不能很好地吻合.在斜压杆-桁架模型基础上,同时考虑开裂后混凝土强度软化和高强混凝土修正系数,得到一个改进的节点核心区抗剪强度计算模型.改进模型的计算结果与试验结果很接近,离散度小,且偏于安全,适用于普通混凝土节点及高强混凝土节点的极限抗剪强度计算.     

隧道洞口土体塌方的可靠度分析

在考虑土体抗剪强度参数变异性及相关性的基础上,运用可靠度理论分析洞顶松散土体的塌方概率.根据简化模型推导土体发生某种破坏时的安全余量,计算土体发生塌方的概率值.分析土体抗剪强度参数的变异性及相关性、初期支护对土体塌方概率的影响,有利于对土体的认识和评价,对可能采取的加固措施提供科学依据.工程实例的计算结果表明,可以通过增减初期支护的作用来调整塌方概率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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