MXene终端基团改性研究与应用进展

新型二维过渡金属碳化物/氮化物/碳氮化物MXene因其优异的结构特征和性能,逐渐成为当前低维材料的研究热点.MXene表面丰富的终端基团结构为其后续的改性研究提供了基础.在MXene片层表面通过改性去除或引入某些官能团,可实现MXene结构的可控调节,增加离子输运通道,扩大电荷存储容量,增强材料某项特性或获得其他特殊性...     

原位合成NiCo-MOF/MXene材料的电容性能研究

在不使用任何黏合剂的情况下,将镍钴双金属有机框架材料(NiCo-metal organic framework,NiCo-MOF)和MXene材料附着在泡沫镍(nickel foam,NF)表面,合成了高性能电极材料,这两种材料结合生长出的层状结构有利于离子的快速传导,减少了活性材料的无效堆砌,同时表现出理想的电化学性能。当投入原料的镍钴物质的量之比为1∶2时,制得的电极材料在5 mA/cm²的电流密度下表现出4.96 C/cm²的优良比电容。得到的电极与活性炭(activated carbon,AC)负极组装成不对称超级电容器后,在10.09 W/cm²的功率密度下,得到的超级电容器的能量密度可达到1 530 mWh/cm²,并且当功率密度升高到102.29 W/cm²时,能量密度仍可以保持在770 mWh/cm²。在15 mA/cm²的电流密度下,经过5 000次充放电循环后,不对称超级电容器的电容保持率为98.52%。     

PVA诱导Ti3C2Tx MXene交联构筑三维结构电极及其储锂性能研究

MXene因其二维层状结构在锂离子电池负极材料研究领域展现出独特的优势,然而MXene片层间有很强的范德瓦尔斯力,导致了其发生堆叠,制约了其储锂性能表现.基于冷冻干燥技术制备了不同PVA含量的Ti3 C2 Tx MXene气凝胶,构筑了具有三维结构的电解液输运通道.借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪(Raman)对气凝胶的微观结构与形貌进行了表征.储锂性能评估表明P400样品具有最高的比容量,其值为252.702 mA·h/g,在200圈充放电循环后,比容量依然能够保持在154.410 mA·h/g.发现随着PVA引入量增加使MXene交联行为增强,Ti3C2Tx MXene气凝胶空隙增大,有序度提高,进而优化了离子输运行为,提高了其储锂性能.该工作为基于二维MXene纳米片构筑三维结构电极提供了基础设计指导,为开发多孔结构电极提供了设计思路.     

MXene及其金属复合物在光催化方面的研究进展

近年来,二维(2D)过渡金属碳化物/氮化物(MXene)一直是热门研究领域.MXene最早来源于层状三元碳/氮化物(MAX相)材料的剥离.最初合成的MXene材料是多层的,随着研究的深入,研究人员研发出了制备单层MXene的方法.MXene材料的合成方法不断更新和改进,旨在获得更高质量的MXene材料,并探索其在光催化等领域的应用.由于MXene材料本身的局限性,使其在应用方面有待提高.而贵金属MXene复合材料作为稳定、高效、高活性的催化剂显现出良好的性能.因此,研究者期望将贵金属结合到MXene体系从而应用于实际.本文简要介绍了MXene的相关应用,主要综述了MXene及贵金属MXene复合材料在光催化领域的应用.同时综述了运用多种方法将贵金属负载在MXene材料上的简便合成策略,并对MXene的研究现状、应用方向和未来发展进行了探讨.     

MAX相金属陶瓷材料研究进展与展望

MAX相材料因集合了陶瓷和金属的高硬度、高弹性模量、高温稳定性、可加工性、良好的导电/导热性等优异性能,在熔盐储热、熔盐电解、熔盐辅助合成和熔盐堆发电等变革性能源应用领域获得广泛关注,在高温、强腐蚀、高强辐照等极端恶劣环境具有很好的应用前景.全面综述了MAX相金属陶瓷材料的结构、物化性能和制备方法,跟踪了MAX相家族的...     

二维材料MXene的制备及其在光催化产氢领域的研究进展

MXene是一种类石墨烯结构的新型二维材料,由MAX材料刻蚀掉A层后得到手风琴状MXene,然后经过插层步骤可以得到少层或单层的MXene薄片.MXene具有良好的物理化学性质,如高导电性、高比表面积、活性位点多和独特的形貌及结构,使其在储能、电池、超级电容器和光催化方面具有良好的发展前景.本文中列举新型二维材料MXene的几种主要制备方法,阐述MXene在光催化产氢领域展现出来的优异性能,并对其发展前景做出一定的展望.     

Effect of magnesium and nickel coatings on the wetting behavior of alumina toughened zirconia by molten Al-Mg alloy

The wettability of alumina toughened zirconia (ZTA) by Al-Mg alloy was investigated using the sessile drop technique. The effects of nickel coating, magnesium content, nitrogen atmosphere, and processing temperature on the contact angle between the molten alloy and the substrate were determined. Likewise, the effect of these factors on the wetting properties was studied. The results showed that the nickel coating on the ceramic substrate caused a significant reduction in solid/liquid surface energy and the contact angle decreased obviously. The presence of magnesium in the molten aluminum alloy in nitrogen atmosphere reduced the contact angle effectively. The presence of magnesium in the alloy must be at a minimum amount of 2wt%-3wt%. Moreover, it was suggested that some chemical reactions in the Al-Mg-N system led to the production of Mg₃N₂ and AlN compositions. These compositions improved the wetting properties of the systems by reducing the surface energy of the molten. It was shown that increasing the temperature is also an effective factor for the enhancement of wetting properties.     

π-Conjugated Organic Semiconductors for Field-Effect Transistors

1Results and Discussion Organic semiconductors employed as active layers in field-effect transistors (FETs) are of great current interest because such FETs can potentially be fabricated at low cost, over large areas, and on flexible substrates. Such facile fabrication approaches offer a significant advantage over silicon technology in numerous applications.     

Synthesis and performance of Ca-α/β-SiAlON composites from tailings

Ca-α/β-SiAlON composites were prepared using Ca-α/β-SiAlON powder synthesized from gold ore tailings, which contained abundant Si and Al elements as the major raw materials together with minor additives, through a pressure-less sintering method. The influences of sintering temperature on the phase composition and microstructure of the composites were analyzed. The scanning electron microscopy images of the composites show the interlacing of grains with elongated columnar, short columnar and plate-like morphologies. The composites sintered at 1520℃ for 6 h have a flexural strength of 352 MPa, Vickers hardness of 11.2 GPa, and fracture toughness of 4.8 MPa·m1/2. The relative content of each phase in the products is I(Ca-α-SiAlON):I(β-SiAlON):I(Fe₃Si) = 23:74:3, where I_i stands for the diffraction peak intensity of phase i.     

Single-negative properties of Ba2Co1.8Cu0.2Fe12O22 and Ba3Co2Fe23.4Zn0.6O41 hexagonal ferrites

The electromagnetic properties of Ba₂Co_1.8Cu_0.2Fe₁₂O₂₂ (Co₂Y) and Ba₃Co₂Fe_23.4Zn_0.6O₄₁ (Co₂Z) were studied by measuring microwave scattering parameters. In the transmission spectra of Ba₂Co_1.8Cu_0.2Fe₁₂O₂₂, a forbidden band emerges due to ferromagnetic resonance, and the permeability will turn to negative in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency. In the complex permittivity spectra of Ba₃Co₂Fe_23.4Zn_0.6O₄₁, the negative permittivity can be obtained due to dielectric resonance. Therefore, Co₂Y and Co₂Z can be used to construct left-handed materials possessing negative permeability and negative permittivity simultaneously.     

面向电磁屏蔽的MXene基膜材料研究进展

MXene是一类新型二维过渡金属碳化物和/或氮化物纳米材料，具有超高的比表面积、电导率、载流子迁移率与优异的力学性能.此外，由于其表面有羟基或末端氧，这种活动表面使其易被组装形成多种结构的材料.其中，膜材料易于制备、电导率高、质轻，使其在电磁屏蔽领域有着广泛的应用.首先介绍了MXene纳米片与MXene基薄膜的制备方法，总结了各种方法的优缺点；其次，介绍了MXene在电磁干扰屏蔽膜中的应用，分析了当前的发展趋势，归纳了MXene基复合薄膜的特点；最后，提出了目前MXene基复合薄膜的发展所存在的问题，并对未来发展进行了展望.     

MXene材料储能应用研究进展

MXene是一种新型的二维过渡金属碳化物或碳氮化物,具有类似石墨烯的二维结构.MXene因其独特的物理和化学特性,以及在储能、催化、电子与光电子等领域中的良好应用前景而受到广泛关注.介绍了MXene材料的制备、表征以及在锂离子电池、钠离子电池、锂硫电池和超级电容器等储能器件上的最新研究成果.最后,对MXene材料的未来发展和挑战进行了介绍.     

NiFe2O4/NiCo2O4/MXene复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用LiF\HCl为刻蚀剂制备MXene材料,以溶剂热法制备了FeNi-MIL-88/NiCo-MOF-74前驱体,并通过高温煅烧的方法制备其衍生物NiFe2O4/NiCo2O4.利用XRD、SEM表征其结构和形貌.利用循环伏安法、恒电流充放电和电化学阻抗法对其超电性能进行测试.测试结果表明,在电流密度为1 A·g-1...     

Preparation of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous perovskite materials

In this paper,we use La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.2Sr0.1MnO3 as examples to demonstrate a preparation method for threedimensionally ordered macroporous(3DOM) perovskite thermochromic materials.Polystyrene spheres with an average diameter of 220 nm were self-assembled into a three-dimensionally ordered colloidal crystal template.A mixed metal nitrate solution prepared using La(NO3) 3·6H2O,Ca(NO3) 2·4H2O,Sr(NO3) 2,Mn(CH3COO) 2·4H2O and an ethanol precursor was used to fill the interstitial voids of the polystyrene colloidal crystal templates.3DOM La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.2Sr0.1MnO3 materials were then obtained after the sphere templates were removed via drying and calcination.The results show that the framework of the 3DOM materials can have different thicknesses and pore shrinkage rates by varying the filling times.In addition,the Curie temperatures of the 3DOM and bulk La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 materials can be varied by altering the preparation method.     

Hydrogen storage properties of MgH<Subscript>2</Subscript> co-catalyzed by LaH<Subscript>3</Subscript> and NbH

To improve the hydrogen storage properties of Mg-based alloys, a composite material of MgH₂ + 10wt%LaH₃ + 10wt%NbH was prepared by a mechanical milling method. The composite exhibited favorable hydrogen desorption properties, releasing 0.67wt% H₂ within 20 min at 548 K, which was ascribed to the co-catalytic effect of LaH₃ and NbH upon dehydriding of MgH₂. By contrast, pure MgH₂, an MgH₂ + 20wt%LaH₃ composite, and an MgH₂ + 20wt%NbH composite only released 0.1wt%, 0.28wt%, and 0.57wt% H₂, respectively, under the same conditions. Analyses by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite particle size was small. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic mapping demonstrated that La and Nb were distributed homogeneously in the matrix. Differential thermal analysis revealed that the dehydriding peak temperature of the MgH₂ + 10wt%LaH₃ + 10wt%NbH composite was 595.03 K, which was 94.26 K lower than that of pure MgH₂. The introduction of LaH₃ and NbH was beneficial to the hydrogen storage performance of MgH₂.     

MoS2/C/MXene复合材料的制备及储锂性能研究

通过简单的水热结合退火的方式合成了MoS₂/C/MXene复合材料,其中MoS₂为1T晶型。MoS₂/C纳米片均匀地生长在MXene薄片上,呈现出独特的多孔异质结构,这种结构不仅有效抑制了MXene薄片的重新堆积,还缓解了MoS₂充放电过程中的体积膨胀。无序碳的引入提高了复合材料的导电性,并使MoS₂的晶型从2H转变为1T。将MoS₂/C/MXene复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料,表现出优秀的循环性能。在1 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环1 000次后拥有574.2 mA·h·g^-1的比容量。这项研究为制备具有良好电化学性能的锂离子电池负极材料提供了一种设计策略。     

Evaluating an EFL Textbook——Twenty-First Century College English

As a teacher, it is important for us to evaluate, select and adapt teaching materials to meet our teaching and students'learning needs in order to maximize learning potentials. The process of evaluating the teaching materials help us make decision in selecting textbooks, as well as allowing us to reflect on our teaching and learning experience.     

A new synthetic route to MgO-MgAl2O4-ZrO2 highly dispersed composite material through formation of Mg5Al2.4Zr1.7O12 metastable phase:synthesis and physical properties

Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ metastable phase was successfully synthesized from analytical-grade MgO, α-Al₂O₃, MgAl₂O₄, and ZrO₂ under an N₂ atmosphere. The sintering temperature was varied from 1650 to 1780℃, and the highest amount of Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ appeared in the composite material when the sintering temperature was 1760℃. According to our research of the formation mechanism of Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂, the formation and growth of MgAl₂O₄ dominated when the temperature was not higher than 1650℃. When the temperature was higher than 1650℃, MgO and ZrO₂ tended to diffuse into MgAl₂O₄ and the Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ solid solution was formed. When the temperature reached 1760℃, the formation of Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ was completed. The effect of MgAl₂O₄ spinel crystals was also studied, and their introduction into the composite material promoted the formation and growth of Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂. A highly dispersed MgO-MgAl₂O₄-ZrO₂ composite material was prepared through the decomposition of the Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ metastable phase. The as-prepared composite material showed improved overall physical properties because of the good dispersion of MgO, MgAl₂O₄, and ZrO₂ phases.     

二维Ti3C2Tx MXene材料的制备与工艺优化

二维（2D）过渡金属碳/氮化物（MXene）材料是当前最受关注的二维材料之一,其中二维碳化钛（Ti₃C₂T_x MXene）材料的研究最为广泛。该材料目前主要通过刻蚀三元碳化物或氮化物（MAX相）后进一步插层得到,因此MAX相材料的纯度和制备工艺条件直接决定了Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料的物化性质。主要完成了不同Ti₃AlC₂ MAX相材料的筛选,选择氢氟酸（HF）刻蚀,并优化了不同的插层方法,制备了一系列Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等表征,确定使用原位锂离子（Li⁺）插层法可有效获得单层Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料。制备的单层Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料的表面平整,片径约为150 nm,厚度约为2 nm。同时,创新性地采用涡旋震荡辅助材料分层,极大地缩短了超声时间,提高了单层Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料的产率（可达70%）,并且可以避免材料氧化,为Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料未来应用提供了新方法。     

Thermoelectric properties of p-type (Bi0.15Sb0.85)2Te3-PbTe graded thermoelectric materials with different barriers

The p-type (Bi_0.15Sb_0.85)₂Te₃ and PbTe are typical thermoelectric materials used for low and middle temperature range and functional graded materials (FGM) is an inevitable way to widen the working temperature range. Here two segments graded thermoelectric materials (GTM) consisting of (Bi_0.15Sb_0.85)₂Te₃, PbTe and different barriers were fabricated by the common hot pressure method. Metals Fe, Mg and Ni were used as barriers between the two segments. The diffusion of different barriers between the barriers and bases were analyzed by electron microprobe analysis (EMA). The phase and crystal structures were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The thermoelectric properties were measured at 303 K along the direction parallel to the pressing direction. The results show that the compositional diffusion occurs when there is no barrier at the interface of the two segments, and the diffusion of Pb is most obvious; as the barrier material, the diffusion of metals Fe, Mg and Ni between different bases is not very obvious, and the thermoelectric properties of GTM is much better than that of the original segment.