Effects of interlinker sequences on the biological properties of bispecific single-chain antibodies

Single-chain bispecific antibody (scBsAb) is one of the promising genetic engineering antibody formats for clinical application. But the effects of interlinker sequenees on the biological properties of bispecific single-chain antibodies have not been studied in detail. Three interlinker sequences were designed and synthesized, and denominatedas Fc, HSA, 205C‘, respectively. Universal vectors with these different interlinker sequences for scBsAb expression in E.coli were constructed. A model scBsAb based on a reshaped single-chain antibody (scFv) against human CD3 and a scFv directed against human ovarian carcinoma were generated and expressed in E. coli. The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot showed that the different interlinker sequences did not affect the expression level of scBsAb. However, as demonstrated by ELISA and pharmacokinetics studies performed in mice, scBsAbs with different interlinker sequenees had difference in the antigen-binding activities and terminal haw-life time (T1/2β) in vivo, the interlinker HSA could remarkably prolong the retention time of scBsAb in blood. These results indicated that the peptide sequence of intertinker could affect important biological properties of scBsAb, such as antigen-binding properties and stability in vivo. So, selection of an appropriate interlinker sequence is very important for scBsAb construction. Optimal interlinker can bring scBsAb biological properties more suitable for clinical application.     

重组人干扰素α2b和胸腺肽αl融合蛋白的分离纯化

考察了大肠杆菌E.coli表达的重组人干扰素α2b和胸腺肽αl融合蛋白包涵体的变性、复性及融合蛋白的分离纯化过程。实验结果表明：包涵体经7mol/L盐酸胍,10mmol/L DTT变性;1mol/L尿素,2mmol/L还原型谷胱甘肽,0.2mmol/L氧化型谷胱甘肽脉冲加样稀释复性;金属螯合层析收集0.3mol/L咪唑洗脱峰,冷干后经重组肠激酶30℃酶切24h、Sephadex G50 柱纯化,可得到纯度达90%的重组人干扰素α2b和胸腺肽αl融合蛋白,且最终目的融合蛋白产量达68mg/g干菌体。     

转录因子COUP-TFII对端粒酶活性的抑制及其相互作用蛋白的分离和鉴定

端粒酶催化亚基hTERT的转录调控是端粒酶活性调节的关键步骤．实验分离和克隆了参与hTERT转录调控的转录因子COUP-TFII，分析了其对HeLa细胞端粒酶活性的生物学效应，并分离和鉴定了与其相互作用的蛋白质．结果表明在以hTERT启动子为诱饵的酵母单杂交体系中，COUP-TFII可以与hTERT启动子结合；得到了纯度高达98％的COUP-TFII融合蛋白，并且其结合于hTERT启动子-201～ 35区段，抑制HeLa细胞端粒酶的活性：从HeLa细胞核蛋白中分离到了2种与COUP-TFII相互作用的蛋白质．研究初步揭示了COUP-TFII在细胞分化和肿瘤转化过程中的参与途径和调控机制，为开启以端粒酶为靶目标的肿瘤治疗奠定了基础．     

抗癌胚抗原纳米抗体与人Fc融合蛋白在毕赤酵母和HEK293细胞中的表达、纯化和性质比较

通过对不同系统表达的肿瘤标记物癌胚抗原(CEA)纳米抗体与人Fc融合蛋白(11C12-Fc)的表达、纯化及抗体性质等的比较分析,比较不同表达系统的特点及其对融合抗体性质的影响;从而为CEA融合纳米抗体在体内检测方面的应用提供理论依据。构建两种11C12-Fc表达系统(Pichia pastoris和HEK293)相应的表达载体和菌株,分别进行诱导表达、分离纯化;并对其纯化产物的生物学活性等进行初步研究。成功构建了毕赤酵母、HEK293细胞两种CEA纳米抗体融合蛋白(11C12-Fc)表达系统并实现11C12-Fc的胞外分泌表达;通过protein A柱及阴离子交换层析纯化,获得了较高纯度和浓度的11C12-Fc样品;通过突变糖基化位点的方式有效去除了毕赤酵母表达11C12的过度糖基化作用;并且其抗体亲和力较突变前未发生明显改变,与HEK293细胞表达的11C12-Fc都表现出较高的亲和力。毕赤酵母和HEK293系统均能够表达具有较高生物活性的11C12-Fc,后续的科研或生产可根据实际需要和条件来合理选择表达系统。为后续的纳米抗体融合蛋白规模化生产、体内诊断与靶向治疗的应用提供了理论和技术参考。     

甲/戊型肝炎病毒重组抗原基因的克隆及表达

 将甲肝病毒vp1编码基因(aa 24~171)和戊型肝炎病毒ORF2基因(aa 431~615)通过一段编码柔性甘氨酸链(Gly4 Ser Gly4)的基因片断连接,获得编码HAV/HEV融合蛋白基因(AEAg342).将该融合基因插入质粒pBV220,构建表达质粒pBV220-AEAg342.将pBV220-AEAg342转化入大肠杆菌BL21中进行表达,表达量约占菌体总量的20%,经离子交换层析纯化,目的蛋白纯度达90%以上.Western blot证实该蛋白能与甲肝及戊肝患者阳性血清发生特异性反映,为进一步开发双价疫苗和联合诊断试剂奠定了一定基础.     

淋巴囊肿病病毒主要衣壳蛋白1.3 kb基因片段的原核表达

取淋巴囊肿病病毒感染牙鲆组织,蛋白酶K裂解,PCR法成功获得了淋巴囊肿病病毒主要衣壳蛋白1.3 kb基因片段.构建其原核表达载体,IPTG诱导表达.结果表明,该融合蛋白分子量约70 kD,可与抗LCDV多克隆血清特异反应.为LCDV基因工程疫苗的研制奠定了实验基础.     

基于投票表决特征融合的蛋白质结构类预测

根据氨基酸的物化特性,基于氨基酸组成成分与氨基酸残基指数自相关函数相结合特征提取法,从非同源蛋白质序列中提取7个特征集(COMP、FINA、MAXF、NAKH、BIOV、OOBM、RICJ),采用有先验知识的投票表决特征融合算法融合这7个特征集,对蛋白质结构类进行预测.结果表明,投票表决融合算法的预测总精度及每一类别的预测精度与7个特征集相比较均有不同程度的提高,说明投票表决融合算法在一定程度上能较多地反映蛋白质的空间结构信息.     

人肠激酶轻链基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

研究目的：克隆表达人肠激酶轻链编码基因,以期应用于融合蛋白的切割与纯化．方法：从人的全基因组中扩增出编码人肠激酶轻链的5个外显子基因片段,经过酶切、连接后得到正确编码的人肠激酶轻链完整基因序列;随后,将目的基因片段插入原核表达载体pBV220中,构建成融合型表达载体pBV—EKL,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,调节温度至42℃诱导重组蛋白表达;通过镍亲和层析纯化得到重组蛋白．结果：所表达的重组蛋白经SDS—PAGE分析,相对表观分子质量约为31kDa,表达量占菌体总可溶蛋白量的46％;通过镍亲和层析纯化得到的重组蛋白经复性后显示出具有催化切割活性．结论：成功构建了能大量表达重组人肠激酶轻链的菌株,为进一步进行重组人肠激酶活性的研究及其在生产和医学方面的应用研究奠定了基础．     

Microbial starch-binding domains are superior to granule-bound starch synthase I for anchoring luciferase to potato starch granules

Microbial starch-binding domains (SBD) and granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) are proteins which are accumulated in potato starch granules. The efficiency of SBD and GBSSI for targeting active luciferase reporter proteins to granules during starch biosynthesis was compared. GBSSI or SBD sequences were fused to the N- or C-terminus of the luciferase (LUC) gene, via an artificial Pro-Thr encoding linker sequence. The genes were introduced into an amylose-free (amf) potato mutant. It appeared that SBD was superior to GBSSI as a targeting sequence, mainly because the luciferase retained higher activity in the SBD-containing fusion proteins than in the GBSSI-containing ones.     

N-terminal of L protein of vesicular stomatitis virus contains a new signal sequence

The L protein (241kD) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the most important snbnnit of the replication complex. The existence of specific localization signal in the L protein was investigated by making recombinant constructs expressing truncated mutants of the L protein fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) in transient transfection assays. The chimeric genes encoding varied N-terminal of L and GFP gene were put under the control of T7 promoter or CMV promoter. The fusion proteins were transiently expressed in BHK-21, COS-7, CHO or Hep G2 cells. When more than 120 residues were deleted or only 96 residues were kept on the N-terminal, the fusion proteins were shown to be distributed throughout the cells, cytoplasm and nucleus under the confocal microscope. However, other chimeric proteins with 120 or more amino acids were dotted and distributed in the perinuclear regions. And the fusion protein with 96—120 aa has the similar distribution. A thirteen-residue peptide QGYSFLHEVDKEA (108—120) was identified as localization signal, whose function would be absolutely distributed with the deficiency of D or V. Our results show that there is an independent localizing signal in N-terminal domain of L protein of VSV and this functional signal is conserved in different cell lines.     

Nucleosome positioning can affect the function of a cis-acting DNA element in vivo

Positioning of nucleosomes has been proposed as one mechanism whereby the activity of DNA is regulated: cis-acting elements located in linker DNA might be more accessible for interaction with trans-acting protein factors than they would be if they were directly associated with histones in nucleosome core particles. The eleven base pairs constituting the autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) of the high-copy-number TRP1ARS1 plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are located in a linker region near the edge of a positioned nucleosome and form an origin of replication. Could nucleosome positioning render the ARS accessible for interaction with the proteins necessary for its function? I have tested this hypothesis by making deletions and an insertion to move the ARS into the nucleosome DNA and then examining the effects on ARS function. There is a marked decrease in copy number when the ARS is moved into the central DNA region of the nucleosome core particle, a region known to differ in structure and stability from the peripheral segments of nucleosome DNA.     

人脂联素在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达

为了提高重组人脂联素在大肠杆菌中的可溶性,构建和表达了增溶标签与人脂联素的融合表达栽体.这些标签包括大肠杆茵硫氧还蛋白和NusA蛋白、酿酒酵母SUMO蛋白和噬热海洋茵Thermotoga maritime 的红素氧还蛋白.结果显示,所有的人脂联素融合蛋白在大肠杆茵中都获得了高水平的表达,但可溶性存在很大差异,说明不同融合标签对人脂联素可溶性表达的促进作用不同.其中,红素氧还蛋白与SUMO蛋白组合一起对人脂联素可溶性的增强作用最为显著,其相应的融合蛋白几乎全部可溶.另外,通过酵母SUMO/Ulp1反应,经His标签亲和层析纯化得到的人脂联素融合蛋白能被有效酶切,加工为人脂联素成熟肽产物.     

基于虚拟现实技术的室内设计的创新研究及应用

室内设计中如何使得设计产品能够直观地展现在客户面前,并且使使用者和设计方进行高效的迭代反馈是室内设计的一个重要研究内容。为了解决该问题,虚拟现实技术被应用到室内设计的探索研究之中。该技术能够使得客户更直观地体验到设计结果;并对室内设计的流程进行了加速迭代,使得设计作品的时间、成本及质量管理得到更优化的配置。设计内容的升级及流程优化使得空间设计过程更为合理、高效,提升了设计产品整体空间效果及设计师的整体把控能力。     

GST融合蛋白包涵体纯化方法的探索

克隆结核分枝杆菌培养滤液蛋白CFP10基因,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达和纯化。用PCR方法从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组扩增出CFP10基因片段,克隆至pMD18-T载体中,序列测定正确后,将其亚克隆到表达载体pGEX-4T-1并在大肠杆菌BL21中表达,表达蛋白经SDS-PAG及Western-blot分析后,亲和层析法纯化蛋白。成功克隆了CFP10基因,并对其在E.coli中进行了表达,SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析表明表达产物正确。通过GST纯化系统获得36kD纯化蛋白,与文献报道相符,该蛋白可与CFP10 mAb特异结合,并且同时与活动期结核病人血清发生反应。成功获得了纯化的CFP10蛋白,为进一步研究CFP10蛋白的致病机理提供了实验依据。     

毒性小分子蜂毒肽基因的克隆修饰、融合载体构建及表达研究

通过定点诱变的方法，对小分子蜂毒肽（melitin）基因进行修饰，引入了羟胺裂解位点，使蜂毒肽与其前体蛋白得以在体外融合表达．将融合的蜂毒肽前体蛋白（prcmelittin）经双酶切后克隆到原核表达载体PET-42a（＋）中，PCR鉴定后转化至宿主菌BL21（DE3）中，在异丙祭硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导下，在大肠杆菌中实现融合表达．为利用基因下程的方法表达毒性小分子多肽、实现该类药物的产业化打下基础．     

两连杆桁架设计的多目标优化算法

针对两连杆桁架的多目标最优化设计问题,提出一种利用遗传算法和模糊理论来求解多目标优化问题的Pareto最优解算法,并通过实验进行验证;讨论遗传算法和模糊理论产生Pareto最优解的差异.结果显示:通过遗传算法配合近似分析的方法可以更有效率地寻找到更多的Pareto最优解.     

Ankyrin binding to (Na+ + K+)ATPase and implications for the organization of membrane domains in polarized cells

The interaction between membrane proteins and cytoplasmic structural proteins is thought to be one mechanism for maintaining the spatial order of proteins within functional domains on the plasma membrane. Such interactions have been characterized extensively in the human erythrocyte, where a dense, cytoplasmic matrix of proteins comprised mainly of spectrin and actin, is attached through a linker protein, ankyrin, to the anion transporter (Band 3). In several nonerythroid cell types, including neurons, exocrine cells and polarized epithelial cells homologues of ankyrin and spectrin (fodrin) are localized in specific membrane domains. Although these results suggest a functional linkage between ankyrin and fodrin and integral membrane proteins in the maintenance of membrane domains in nonerythroid cells, there has been little direct evidence of specific molecular interactions. Using a direct biological and chemical approach, we show here that ankyrin binds to the ubiquitous (Na+ + K+)ATPase, which has an asymmetrical distribution in polarized cells.     

重组免疫毒素GnRH-PTD-PE39KDEL的构建及表达

通过引入蛋白质转导域（PTD）,提高免疫毒素人促黄体激素释放激素-绿脓杆菌外毒素A衍生物（GnRH-PE39KDEL）对肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性。设计了3条引物,通过2轮PCR在GnRH PE39KDEL基因的人促黄体激素释放激素C端和绿脓杆菌外毒素A衍生物N端引入PTD,获得GnRH-PTD-PE39KDEL基因经酶切后插入pET-His载体,并转化至BL21( DE3)中。采用镍离子螯合层析法纯化诱导表达样品,并进行了生物活性测定。成功构建了免疫毒素表达载体pET-His-GnRH-PTD-PE39KDEL;诱导产物可以实现可溶性表达;表达产物占菌体总蛋白的20%,靶向融合蛋白引入PTD后对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的IC50为0.860 μg/mL,表明较GnRH-PE39KDEL生物活性增强。成功地表达了融合蛋白GnRH-PTD-PE39KDEL,为其进一步大规模表达、纯化和功能研究奠定了基础。     

应用天然蛋白质片段构建蛋白质分子机器的初步尝试

根据对蛋白质分子结构可塑性和结构重组的理解,本文介绍了如何以来源于不同蛋白质的功能片段和人为设计的多肽片段为部件,组装出一组多结构域融合蛋白。在体外和体内实验中,这些多结构域融合蛋白表现出了我们所期待的特定功能。它们将有可能发展成为一系列新型抗菌和抗肿瘤药物。与现用药物相比,它们的效力更高,靶向性更强,更为安全。它们有可能会很快地代替现用药物,为人类创造更好的福祉。而以这些雏型为基础,则有可能构建出具有更理想功能的蛋白质分子机器。     

Requirement for GTP hydrolysis in the formation of secretory vesicles

The specificity of vesicular transport in a cell is determined by the formation of vesicles with specific contents from a donor compartment and their selective fusion with the appropriate acceptor compartment. Several of the latter fusion steps have been investigated in detail using cell-free systems, and work with these systems as well as genetic evidence has revealed a role for GTP-binding proteins in membrane fusion processes. We have reconstituted the formation of constitutive secretory vesicles and immature secretory granules from the trans Golgi network in a cell-free system. We show here that the budding of both types of post-Golgi vesicles is inhibited by non-hydrolysable analogues of GTP, which suggests a more widespread role for GTP-binding proteins in membrane traffic than previously assumed.