川西拗陷须家河组致密砂岩成岩作用特征及其对储层的影响

通过对川西拗陷须家河组储层的岩石学、矿物学、物性等特征研究,明确了砂岩成岩作用特征及其对储层质量演化的影响.受沉积相和成岩作用的影响,川西拗陷须家河组砂岩储层致密-超致密并具极强非均质性.影响储层质量的成岩事件包括机械压实作用、石英颗粒压溶作用、自生矿物胶结作用、溶蚀作用以及绿泥石衬边的形成.压实作用是造成砂岩孔隙度降...     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部延长组储层物性特征及其控制因素——以陇东地区长3、长4+5油层组为例

分析鄂尔多斯盆地西南部陇东地区延长组储层物性特征及其控制因素,发现沉积和成岩控制储层物性。沉积微相带不同,储层物性就不同;成岩作用中压实-压溶作用、胶结作用对储层物性具有破坏作用,溶蚀作用是储层物性改善的关键因素。沉积微相带是控制油气藏储层展布的内在因素,成岩作用是储层形成过程中控制物性演化的外部因素。     

川中-川西过渡带沙溪庙组第二段致密砂岩储层物性控制因素及孔隙演化

探讨川中-川西过渡地区中侏罗统沙溪庙组第二段绿泥石相和溶蚀相储层物性控制因素及孔隙演化过程。通过铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、包裹体均一温度以及碳氧同位素等手段,开展了储层压实作用、胶结作用损失孔隙度以及溶蚀作用增加孔隙度的定时-定量研究。结果表明,压实作用是沙二段储层物性变差的第一重要因素,分别造成了溶蚀相和绿泥石相储层28.18%和22.18%的孔隙度损失;由胶结作用造成的孔隙度损失分别为8.25%和9.11%;溶蚀作用是储层物性改善的重要因素,由溶蚀作用所增加的次生孔隙度分别为5.64%和1.54%。绿泥石相和溶蚀相储层的孔隙演化有明显差异。绿泥石相储层抗压实能力较强,早期压实损失孔隙较少,在1km埋深时,孔隙度下降至19.8%;而溶蚀相储层在1km埋深时,孔隙度下降至16.5%左右。溶蚀作用对二者的影响也存在明显差异,绿泥石相储层增加了1.54%左右的溶蚀孔隙度,在1.7km埋深时,孔隙度保持在18.5%左右;溶蚀相储层则增加了5.64%左右的溶蚀孔隙度,在1.7km埋深时,孔隙度为18%左右。在晚期胶结物的作用下,储层孔隙度进一步下降,绿泥石相储层在埋深为2.48km左右时孔隙度下降至12%,直至目前的10.25%;溶蚀相储层在埋深为2.2km左右时孔隙度下降至12%,现今孔隙度为9.21%。储层致密化均在烃源岩生排烃高峰期之后。     

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹油田西北部延长组长6—长9致密储层微观特征

根据砂岩薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞、黏土矿物X衍射、常规物性等分析测试资料,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地志丹油田西北部长6—长9致密砂岩储层的微观特征。结果表明:长6—长9砂岩储层岩石类型主要为细粒长石砂岩,胶结物成分主要为方解石;储层物性总体很差,属于致密储层,但不同层位储层物性差异明显;储层孔隙类型以长石类溶孔为主,其次为残余粒间孔,孔隙结构极其复杂;成岩作用类型包括压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用;影响储层物性的因素主要与沉积相和成岩作用有关,不同沉积微相和粒度变化的储层物性差异明显,其中水下分流河道微相储层物性最好;压实作用是破坏储层物性的第一要素,胶结作用使储层进一步致密化,而溶蚀作用大大改善了储层物性;构造成因的裂缝对储层渗透率有显著影响,而对孔隙度影响微弱。研究成果可为志丹油田致密油藏的勘探与开发提供一定的借鉴。     

储层沉积-成岩作用的物性响应特征

对苏北盆地沙埝油田阜三段(E1f3)储层岩石特征、物性特征、成岩作用及孔隙演化过程进行研究,在此基础上分析沉积和成岩作用对储层物性的控制作用,用数理统计方法对相关的影响因素进行了定量分析.研究表明:储层物性明显受沉积相带和成岩作用控制,由水下分流河道、河口砂坝到席状砂,物性依次变差;压实过程损失的孔隙度为13.3%,早期石英次生加大与碳酸盐胶结损失孔隙度9.5%,长石、岩屑及填隙物溶蚀增加孔隙度11.9%,晚期石英次生加大与碳酸盐胶结损失孔隙度9.7%;胶结作用造成的孔隙损失大于压实作用;对本区物性影响较大的沉积-成岩因素为粒度、压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用.     

鄂尔多斯盆地板桥-合水地区长6储层特征及影响因素分析

根据岩心观察描述、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及毛管压力分析对鄂尔多斯盆地板桥-合水地区长6储层的岩石学特征、孔隙类型及孔隙结构特征等进行深入研究,确定了研究区长6储层储集性能的主要控制因素。结果表明,研究区长6储层岩性主要以细粒岩屑长石砂岩为主,储层以溶蚀孔最为发育,粒间孔次之;孔隙结构主要为小孔-微喉型,具备典型低孔、特低渗储层特征。沉积相类型对储层物性特征有重要影响作用。研究区主要的成岩作用为压实作用、压溶作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用。压实作用、压溶作用和胶结作用大大减少了储层的原生孔隙,使储层物性逐渐变差;溶蚀作用产生的次生孔隙使储层物性得到显著改善。     

柴北缘冷湖五号构造上干柴沟组储层特征研究*

通过岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及压汞等分析测试手段对储层特征进行了详细研究,发现柴北缘冷湖五号上干柴沟组储层主要为三角洲相细砂岩和粉砂岩,少部分中砂岩和粗砂岩。岩石主要经历了压实、胶结及溶蚀等成岩作用,具有压实、溶蚀作用中等和胶结作用较强的特点,胶结物主要有碳酸盐胶结、硫酸盐胶结、硅质胶结和自生黏土矿物胶结。储层现处于晚成岩阶段A期。研究区的孔隙类型主要是残余粒间孔和溶蚀扩大孔。储层物性受控于沉积相带和成岩作用,优质储层为三角洲分流河道砂、水下分流河道砂和席状砂,成岩作用对储层的影响主要体现在溶蚀作用对孔隙的扩大和压实、胶结作用对孔隙的破坏。     

珠江口盆地东沙隆起珠江组灰岩储层储集空间特征及控制因素

珠江口盆地东沙隆起珠江组灰岩储层储集空间主要为孔隙和裂缝,孔隙以次生溶蚀孔隙为主;裂缝主要包括构造裂缝、压溶裂缝和溶蚀裂缝。珠江组灰岩储层储集性能主要受高位体系域及其四级海退半旋回、沉积作用和成岩作用的控制,沉积作用占主导地位。其中台缘堡礁、台内点礁物性最好,生屑滩次之,斜坡塔礁、台坪物性较差。高位体系域及其四级海退半旋回对储层发育的影响主要是沉积物暴露遭受大气淡水淋滤溶蚀对储层的改造作用。成岩作用对储集物性的影响受沉积作用和高位体系域及其四级海退半旋回的控制,对珠江组灰岩储层具显著影响的成岩作用是溶蚀作用、胶结作用等。东沙隆起珠江组最有利灰岩储层为藻屑、生屑灰岩发育的礁滩相。     

准噶尔盆地乌夏地区三叠系成岩作用及其影响因素

准噶尔盆地乌夏地区三叠系发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、湖泊相等沉积类型的砂砾岩体,地层埋深变化大,成岩作用复杂.对其成岩作用过程的研究结果表明,乌夏地区三叠系储层经历了压实、胶结、溶蚀等多种成岩作用,目前多处于早成岩B亚期和中成岩A亚期成岩阶段,储层的孔隙演化与成岩作用密切相关,早期的压实作用和胶结作用是使原生孔隙遭受破坏的成岩作用类型;中成岩A期,有机质成熟产生有机酸使次生孔隙发育,储层物性有所改善;后期自生胶结物的充填作用是次生孔隙遭受破坏的主要原因.研究表明沉积环境、岩石成分、孔隙流体性质及构造应力是该区成岩作用的主要影响因素,并间接影响储层物性发育,这对预测本区三叠系储层物性的空间分布具有重要意义.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长82油层储层特征及控制因素分析

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长82油层为低孔低渗储层,利用岩心、测井和砂岩薄片等资料对储层岩石学类型、孔隙类型和物性特征分析表明:长82油层储层类型为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩;砂岩粒度以细砂岩、细-中砂岩为主;孔隙类型以粒间孔为主,其次为溶孔,属于小孔微喉型储层。进一步研究表明储层特征及优质储层发育受沉积和成岩双重作用控制:沉积作用形成的中砂岩与细砂岩孔隙度相差不大;而渗透率相差悬殊,厚层砂岩的物性好于薄层砂岩的物性;成岩作用造成河道主体微相中部发育绿泥石膜,保存了大量的粒间孔物性好,薄层非河道主体微相压实与胶结作用强烈,储层物性差。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that