Convergence in the<Emphasis Type="Italic">r</Emphasis>-th mean and the Marcinkiewicz type weak law of large numbers for weighted sums of<Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Subscript>q</Subscript>-mixingale arrays

L _r convergence and convergence in probability for weighted sums ofL _q-mixingale arrays have been discussed and the Marcinkiewicz type weak law of large numbers forL _q-mixingale arrays has been obtained. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10071058) Biography: Gan Shi-xin (1939-), male, Professor, research direction; martingale theory, probability limiting theory and Banach space geometry theory.     

Study on the Action of Sodium Selenite on the Mit ochondria Metabolism of Carassius auratus Hybrid Carps Liver by Microcalorimetry

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The toxic effect of solubilizing excipients on <Emphasis Type=Italic>Tetrahymena thermophila</Emphasis> BF<Subscript>5</Subscript> growth investigated by microcalorimetry

The toxic effect of different solubilizing excipients on the growth and metabolism of Tetrahymena thermophila BF₅ (T.t.BF₅) at various concentrations was investigated by microcalorimetry. The thermogenic curves of T.t.BF₅ growth were determined at 28°C, and were evaluated by dynamic parameters. The results indicated that the values of growth rate constant (k), maximum power (P₁, P₂), peak time (T₁, T₂) and total quantity of heat (Q) varied for different excipients. There was a good linear relationship between k and concentrations (r>0.95, P<0.01). 5% inhibition concentration (IC₅) of poloxamer 188, Tween 80, PEG 600, PEG 400 and Tween 20 was 2.18, 1.07, 1.35, 0.58, and 0.045 mg/mL, respectively. After the principal component analysis (PCA), Q, k and P₁ could characterize the effect of these excipients on T.t.BF5 growth. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that compared with the control group, poloxamer 188 had the weakest toxicity and Tween 20 had the strongest toxicity.     

Osmotically stress-regulated the expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 in Arabidopsis

Gene expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 (ATGPX3) in response to osmotic stress was analyzed in Arabidopsis using ATGPX3 promoter-glucuronidase (GUS) transgenic plants. High levels of GUS ex- pression were detected under osmotic stress in ATGPX3 promoter-GUS transgenic plants. Compared with the wild type, the growth and development of ATGPX3 mutants (atgpx3-1) were more sensitive to mannitol. In addition, the expression of RD29A, ABI1, ABI2 and RbohD in atgpx3-1 was induced by ABA stress. These results suggest that ATGPX3 might be involved in the signal transduction of osmotic stress.     

The R- and AR-indices： Complementing the h-index

Based on the foundation laid by the h-index we introduce and study the R- and AR-indices. These new indices eliminate some of the disadvantages of the h-index, especially when they are used in combina-tion with the h-index. The R-index measures the h-core’s citation intensity, while AR goes one step further and takes the age of publications into account. This allows for an index that can actually in-crease and decrease over time. We propose the pair (h, AR) as a meaningful indicator for research evaluation. We further prove a relation characterizing the h-index in the power law model.     

Transpositional behaviour of the Ds element in the Ac/Ds system in rice

Insertional mutagenesis based on maize Activator/Dissociator (Ac/Ds) transposons is becoming a ma- jor approach used to produce a saturated mutant collection in rice. In this research, Ds-T-DNA trans- formed homozygotes were crossed with Ac-T-DNA transformed homozygotes in order to establish an Ac/Ds transposon system in rice. The successive investigation of Ds transposition from F1 to F5 gen- erations indicated that the frequencies of germinal transposition increased over successive genera- tions and reached 54.2% in F3 generation. The Ds transposition pattern revealed that a Ds transposition induced an approximately 170-bp deletion of T-DNA sequence and another Ds transposition carried a 272-bp T-DNA sequence. Using thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR), some flanking se- quences of the Ds element were amplified. Analyses of 17 Ds-flanking sequences showed that five Ds were inserted into gene regions. The Ds could transpose not only to the linked sites but also to the unlinked sites. The frequency of inter-chromosomal transposition of Ds was 33.3%.     

On vector quasi-variational inequality problems in<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-space

The purpose to this paper is to study the existence problem of solutions to the vector quasivariational inequality for vector-valued functions inH-space. Foundation item: Supported by the Science Research Foundation of Xianning Teacher’s College (No. K9911) Biography: Mao Jian-feng (1960-), male, Lecturer, research direction: nonlinear functional analysis.     

Molecular identification and phylosenetic position of Cuora yunnanensis

The Yunnan box turtle （Cuora yunnanensis, Boulenger, 1906）, which has drawn much attention in conservation biology, was regarded as extinct since it was previously known only from 12 specimens collected in Yunnan, China, before 1908. Recently, live specimens have been discovered which are suggested to be C. yunnanensis. To determine whether the newly discovered specimens are really C. yunnanensis, we have established a molecular phylogeny, with a 1725-bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA, using samples from three live individuals of C. yunnanensis, together with sequence data from a museum specimen of C. yunnanensis （MNHN 1907.10） and other members of the genus Cuora. We found that the three newly discovered individuals and the old museum specimen of C. yunnanensis are very similar both in morphology and in mitochondrial DNA sequence, suggesting that the three new individuals are the very C. yunnanensis, and thus the species is not extinct. Our phylogenetic analysis also demonstrates that C. yunnanensis is not of recent hybrid origin, but rather represents a distinct evolutionary lineage.     

Discovery of organic connection of Chiropteris Kurr and Nystroemia Halle from Early Permian of western Henan, China

Nystroemia reniformis (Kawasaki) comb. nov. is proposed based on specimens showing organic connections between Chiropteris reniformis Kawasaki and Nystroemia pectiniformis Halle from the Lower Permian of Dengfeng in Henan. Vegetative leaf has a long petiole, reniformed, cordate at the base, entire or slightly undulate at the margin;veins are fine, bifurcating repeatedly and finally becoming reticulate and forming polygonal or rhomboidal meshes.Fertile shoot arises from bract axils. The form of the bract is identical to that of a vegetative leaf. Ovuliferous organ arises from the axU of leafy organ, or in other ease, both ovulfferous and leafy organs irregularly arise from the axis of the fertile shoot respectively. Numerous bicornute platyspermic seeds are arranged in two rows, obconical, with micropyle pointing upwards. It may represent a new extinct gymnosperms.     

Theoretic study of the reaction mechanism between （Me）3CO· radical and trans-3-hexene

The reaction mechanism between （Me）3CO· radical and trans-3-hexene in benzene was studied for the first time at the B3LYP/6-311＋＋G（d,p）//B3LYP/6-31G（d）＋ZPVE level. Two distinct elementary channels were identified as： （1） abstraction-addition; （2） addition-addition-elimination. Analysis of the potential energy surface demonstrates that for the title reaction, channels （1） and （2） have the major and minor contribution, respectively. Our calculated results can well explain the recently observed product distribution by Coseri et al. （J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 4629）. However, we found that the addition-abstraction channel proposed by Coseri et al. is kinetically infeasible.     

A stereotaxic method and apparatus for the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gekko gecko</Emphasis>

To study the modulation mechanism of the middle brain of the Gekko to the locomotion, we introduced a stereotaxic method first in literature and developed an apparatus suitable for Gekko gecko, the biggest wall and ceiling climber in nature. We defined the bregma and nasal points as reference points, selected the bilateral infraorbital margin and top point of the maxillary tooth for locating and fixing, and set up the line passing through the bregma and paralleling to a line connecting the bilateral infraorbital margin as x axis. Then, we defined a horizontal plane in the stereotaxic instrument, passing through x axis and the certain point which is 4.8 mm exactly above the nasal point, as the XOY plane; the sagittal plane, i.e. the YOZplane, is the plane which is perpendicular to x axis and passes through the bregma; the plane, i.e. the XOZ plane, which passes through x axis and is perpendicular to the horizontal plane is the coronal plane. We designed a set of head holder which includes three parts： bilateral infraorbital margin clamps, a gecko adaptor holding the rostral side of the upper jaw. The allocation and operation of the head holder is accurate and simple, and the device is low in cost and compatible with standard stereotaxic instrument.     

A study on in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of nano hydroxyapatite/polymer biocomposite

When bioactive materials are implanted in vivo, a bone-like apatite layer can be found on their surfaces, which is critical to the establishment of bone-bonding between materials and living tissues. In this study, bone-like apatite formation in vitro and in vivo on surface of nano apatite/polyamide (n-HA/PA66) composite was investigated, and the interface between the implanted composite and surrounding bone tissue of rabbit were also examined. The results revealed that in both simulated body fluids (SBF) and dorsal muscles of rabbit, bone-like apatite could form on the biocomposite surface. When the samples were implanted in cortical bone, they combined directly with the natural bone without fibrous tissue in-between. The results showed that the n-HA/PA66 biocomposite had excellent bioactivity, which might be a good candidate for bone defect replacement.     

Functional analysis of the sbcD （dr1921 ） gene of the extremely radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans

In eukaryotes, the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex, which resides at the crossroads of DNA repair and checkpoint signaling, rapidly forms prominent foci at damage sites following double-strand break (DSB) induction. This complex carries out the initial processing of the DSB ends. Mutations in the genes that encode components of this complex result in DNA-damage hypersensitivity, genomic in- stability, telomere shortening, and aberrant meiosis. Therefore, the MR proteins are highly conserved during evolution. The bacterial orthologs of Mre11 and Rad50 are the SbcD and SbcC proteins, respec- tively. Deinococcus radiodurans, an extremely radioresistant bacterium, is able to mend hundreds of radiation-induced DSBs. The SbcD and SbcC proteins were identified as the products of the Dr1921 and Dr1922 genes. Disruption of the sbcD gene, by direct reverse-orientation insertional mutagenesis tech- nology, remarkably increases the cells’ sensitivity to various types of DNA damaging agents, such as ionizing radiation, ultraviolet irradiation, hydrogen peroxide, and mitomycin C. We also provide evidence that the drSbcD protein plays an important role in both growth and DNA repair in this organ- ism, especially in repair of DSBs generated after cellular exposure to 6000 Gy of IR. These results demonstrate that the drSbcD protein plays an important role in DSBs repair in D. radiodurans.     

Research of Inclusion Complexation of 4,4＇-Thiodiphenol Effected by β-Cyclodextrin in Aqueous Solutions and the Effect on Photodegradation

The inclusion behavior of 4, 4＇ -Thiodiphenol （TDP）, a typical bisphenol and endocrine disruptor, reacts with β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） in aqueous solutions has been investigated by means of UV absorption spectrum and quantum-chemical calculation with Gaussian 98 software. The results show that the inclusion behavior of TDP is quite different in acidic solutions （pH 5.9） from that in alkaline solutions （pH 10.0）. This behavior difference is attributed to the different formula structures in aqueous solutions at acidic and alkaline pH values that are demonstrated by quantum- chemical modeling and calculation. TDP forms a 1 ： 1 fl-CD inclusion complex in aqueous solutions. The equiiibrium constant K was calculated to be 553.49 L/mol at pH 5.9 and 1 318.20 L/mol at pH 10.0 respectively for the inclusion complex reaction by using the modified Benesi-Heldbrand equation. After inclusion TDP＇s structure is changed especially at the inclusion part with the bond order becoming larger, which results in inhibitive photodegradation during direct photooxidation and H2O2 assisted photooxidation.     

Roles of a sustained activation of NCED3 and the synergistic regulation of ABA biosynthesis and catabolism in ABA signal production in Arabidopsis

ABA, acting as a stress signal, plays crucial roles in plant resistance to water stress. Because ABA signal production is based on ABA biosynthesis, the regulation of NCED, a key enzyme in the ABA biosynthesis pathway, is normally thought of as the sole factor controlling ABA signal production. Here we demonstrate that ABA catabolism in combination with a synergistic regulation of ABA biosynthesis plays a crucial role in governing ABA signal production. Water stress induced a significant accumulation of ABA, which exhibited different patterns in detached and attached leaves. ABA catabolism followed a temporal trend of exponential decay for both basic and stress ABA, and there was little difference in the catabolic half-lives of basic ABA and stress ABA. Thus, the absolute rate of ABA catabolism, i.e. the amount of ABA catabolized per unit time, increases with increased ABA accumulation. From the dynamic processes of ABA biosynthesis and catabolism, it can be inferred that stress ABA accumulation may be governed by a synergistic regulation of all the steps in the ABA biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, to maintain an elevated level of stress ABA sustained activation of NCED3 should be required. This inference was supported by further findings that the genes encoding major enzymes in the ABA biosynthesis pathway, e.g. NCED3, AAO3 and ABA3 were all activated by water stress, and with ABA accumulation progressing, the expressions of NCED3, AAO3 and ABA3 remained activated. Data on ABA catabolism and gene expression jointly indicate that ABA signal production is controlled by a sustained activation of NCED3 and the synergistic regulation of ABA biosynthesis and catabolism.     

The action of medicinal animal horns on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> growth investigated by microcalorimetry and chemometric analysis

The action of Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum (CCP), Cornu Cervi (CC) and Cornu Saigae Tataricae (CST) on Escherichia coli growth were investigated using microcalorimetry to find the heat change regularity of microbial growth. The similarity of thermogenic curves and thermodynamics parameters were investigated as evaluation index, such as the growth rate constant in the first exponential phase (k₁), maximum power in the first exponential phase (P₁), maximum power in the secondary exponential phase (P₂), peak time in the first exponential phase (T₁), peak time in the stationary phase (T2) and the total heat production in stage 1 (Q₁), and the total heat production in stage 2 (Q₂). Chemometric analysis was used as a reference for the bioactivity evaluation of medicinal animal horns. The results indicated that the similarity between CST and the control was smaller than that between CCP, CC and the control. Both CCP and CC could increase the heat in the microbial growth, whereas CST decreased it. The biotic thermal activity of different medicinal animal horns was objectively, qualitatively, and quantitatively evaluated by the similarity of thermogenic curves and thermodynamics parameters analysis.     

Investigation on chain structure of LLDPE obtained by ethylene in-situ copolymerization with DSC and XRD

Thermal segregations of LLDPE were treated with successive self-nucleation/annealing (SSA) on dif-ferential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Information on molecular heterogeneity of LLDPE was obtained. After SSA was treated, the multiple endothermic peaks were observed in the DSC thermograms during heating experiment. It is obtained that the thickness of different lamellas formed by segments of vari-ous lengths was 4―10 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the crystallites dimensions of various reflections were about several dozens of nanometers. The ethylene/α-olefin copolymers and the copolymer via in-situ copolymerization were similar to each other for molecular heterogeneity and XRD characteristics, which revealed that it was possible to use the ethylene/α-olefin copolymers to simulate the copolymer via in-situ copolymerization of ethylene to simplify the complexity of the structure of the ethylene in-situ copolymer.