大肠杆菌乙酸代谢突变株的培养和外源基因表达

大肠杆菌JL3是JM101经诱变和连续培养所选育到的乙酸耐受性突变株，JL3在复合培养基中产生的乙酸比JM101少，菌体对葡萄糖的得率（YX／S）增加，在基本培养基M中连续培养，最大菌体得率（YG）增大，维持系数（m)降低，存在外源乙酸时，JL3对葡萄糖亲和性增加，显示较强的生长优势，在含有10g/L乙酸钠的复合培养基中，JL3／pUC19的β－半乳糖苷酶比活比JM101／PUC19提高30％。     

葡萄糖供应速率对大肠杆菌表达及分泌人表皮生长因子的影响

采用一株大肠杆菌BL 21(DE 3)[pBLMVL 2EGF]生产人表皮生长因子(hEGF),其中hEGF表达由PL启动子控制并通过phoA信号肽分泌到胞外。实验结果表明:诱导阶段以恒定比供应速率流加葡萄糖时,流加速率对hEGF的表达和分泌有很大影响。当葡萄糖比供应速率为0.122g/(g.h)时,hEGF表达水平最低,分泌效率最差,只有37.5%;随着葡萄糖比供应速率的增加,胞外和胞内hEGF比生产速率明显增加,当葡萄糖比供应速率为0.196 g/(g.h)时,单位菌体产生的hEGF水平最高(121.6 m g/g),其中分泌至胞外的hEGF占42%。此外,诱导前补充有机氮源有利于提高诱导初始hEGF的生产速率。     

肌苷产生菌枯草芽孢杆菌分批发酵的代谢流分析

为了更好地掌握代谢规律和代谢方式，代谢流作为一个关键而重要的变量需要测定．然而，由于代谢流测定的困难，在许多代谢研究中代谢流并没有被完全应用．在肌苷高产菌枯草芽孢杆菌中，利用得到的实验数据包括葡萄糖的消耗速率和代谢主产物以及副产物的形成速率，利用代谢通量平衡模型，得到糖酵解、三羟酸循环及磷酸戊糖途径的代谢流，并对其进行了分析．     

优化甲硫氨酸补料策略提高重组毕赤酵母G12-CBS合成S-腺苷甲硫氨酸

重组毕赤酵母G12-CBS经代谢工程改造,可高效表达重组S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)合成酶,并弱化了SAM转化途径的关键酶β-胱硫醚合成酶,是一株优良的SAM高产菌。为了利用G12-CBS高效合成SAM,需对前体(甲硫氨酸)的补料策略进行优化。首先在摇瓶中考察了不同甲硫氨酸(L-Methionine,L-Met)添加量对于G12-CBS的影响,发现每24hL-Met补加量超过3mg/mL时,会影响重组菌生长和SAM合成。在15L发酵罐中优化L-Met的补料速率,当外源补料速率为0.4g/(L·h)时SAM产量最高,分别比补料速率为0.2g/(L·h)和0.6g/(L·h)时提高22.2%和31.8%,达到13.01g/L,比出发菌最高产量提高54%。代谢物及酶活测定的结果表明,较低的L-Met补料速率(0.2g/(L·h))导致前体供应不足而影响SAM合成,过高的补料速率(0.6g/(L·h))可能会抑制三羧酸循环,并且影响氮源的摄取和利用,从而导致菌体生长和产物合成受到抑制。     

嗜热厌氧杆菌乳酸脱氢酶敲除对乙醇发酵的影响

为提高乙醇产率,通过同源重组的方式敲除嗜热厌氧杆菌乳酸支路中的乳酸脱氢酶基因,得到了嗜热厌氧代谢工程菌Δldh突变株.应用葡萄糖、木糖、葡萄糖/木糖混合糖3种碳源,分别对Δldh突变株与野生菌进行分批补料发酵产乙醇的研究.结果表明,与野生菌相比,Δldh突变株不仅显著提高了乙醇产率,而且提高了糖的消耗速率;Δldh突变株与野生菌都能以葡萄糖和木糖为基质生长,而与木糖为单一碳源相比,在葡萄糖/木糖共发酵时,木糖消耗速率有所降低;在以葡萄糖为单一碳源时,Δldh突变株的乙醇质量浓度和产率达到最高,分别为25.93 g/L和0.39 g/(L.h).     

聚苯胺/活性炭复合材料电容性能研究

以商品化活性炭为原料，在1mol／L盐酸环境下采用原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺／活性炭复合材料（PANI／C），复合材料中聚苯胺的质量分数为46．4％．用循环伏安、交流阻抗、恒流充放电测试等方法考察比较了新材料与原活性炭在1mol／L H2SO4溶液中的电容性能．结果表明，新材料的比容量和大电流充放电性能均优于碳材料．3．0mA／cm^2电流密度下，复合材料电极比容量高达448．7F／g，比原碳材料提高60％．     

发酵罐葡萄糖流加大规模异养培养小球藻

应用流加工艺在5,50,200,800,4000L机械搅拌发酵罐中大规模异养培养小球藻,与间歇异养或光照自养相比,流加培养大大地提高了细胞密度和生产率,最高细胞质量浓度达到43.31g/L,比生长速率达到0．069h^-1,细胞生产率达到0．62g/(L.h),结果表明,利用传统的机械搅拌发酵罐大规模生产小球有良好的商业化前景。     

一步酸法水解菊粉生产高果糖浆

用黑曲霉突变株AJ1958产生的菊粉酶，水解菊粉抽提液生产高果糖浆．以6O目菊芋粉在水料比为6：1，料液pH3．0~3．5，60℃条件下浸泡0·5h，过滤，其菊粉抽提率可达95％以上．在每克菊粉投酶量120μmol／min下，水解菊粉抽提液6h～7h，水解率达到95％以上．调nH至4．2～4．5，经活性炭脱色，减压浓缩，得可溶性固形物浓度为0·77g／g以上，果糖含量0．90g／g以上，具有果糖纯正香味的高果糖浆．     

重组大肠杆菌BL21(pBAI)生产人干扰素α2b

通过培养重组大肠杆菌BL21(pBAI)表达人干扰素α2b(Human Interferon α2b,hIFNα2b).hIFNα2b表达由PL,启动子控制,通过升温至42℃诱导表达.本研究比较了分批培养和多种补料分批培养方式下hIFNα2b的生产,其中通过恒速流加葡萄糖,hIFNα2b的表达量达到6 540 mg/L,平均生产速率和比速率分别为546 mg/(L·h)和27 mg/(g·h).升温前1.5 h补充25 g酵母提取物,并以0.27 g/(g·h)的比速率供应葡萄糖,hIFNα2b的平均生产速率达到1 006 mg/(L·h),比生产速率为54 mg/(g·h),对有机氮源的得率提高到138 mg/g.     

pH对L-天冬酰胺酶发酵的影响及其控制

pH对大肠杆菌L-天冬酰胺酶的产生有很大的影响.通过对不同缓冲体系试验和对摇瓶发酵过程pH变化的分析,了解摇瓶发酵过程中pH对L-天冬酰胺酶合成的影响.采用流加磷酸自控L-天冬酰胺酶发酵过程的pH,可延长发酵周期,有效地防止菌体的过早自溶,大大促进L-天冬酰胺酶的合成,较分批发酵提高产酶83%,达到110 u/mL.发酵动力学特性分析表明,该发酵方式L-天冬酰胺酶的合成与菌体生长不相关,控制比生长速率μ为0.15～0.30 h-1,均有利于L-天冬酰胺酶的合成,可使比产酶速率的最大值Qpmax达到3 922 u/(g h).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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