Cloning and characterization of two putative seven-transmembrane receptor genes from cotton

Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE）-PCR, two full-length cDNAs encoding putative seven-transmembrane receptors （designated Gh7TMpR1 and Gh7TMpR2） were cloned from cotton plants. Southern blot and an ApaL1 restriction site polymorphism analyses revealed that Gh7TMpR1 was derived from the ancestral A diploid genome, while Gh7TMpR2 was from the D subgenome. Northern blot hybridization indicated that both Gh7TMpR1 and Gh7TMpR2 were expressed preferentially in the elongation phase of fiber development. Majority of the Gh7TMpR1 proteins were located within the membrane structure and displayed a punctuate pattern of distribution. Overexpression of Gh7TMpR1 in fission yeast disrupted the polar growth and caused the formation of rounded cells. These results suggest that GhT7MpR1 may play a critical role in cotton fiber development, perhaps as a signaling receptor that is involved in controlling fiber elongation.     

尿素-双醛淀粉用作纺织浆料的可行性研究

介绍了尿素-双醛淀粉的制备工艺并测试了该产品的粘度、粘度热稳定性、粘附力,与玉米淀粉进行浆液性能对比,粘度热稳定性提高了6.7%,纯棉和涤棉粗纱的断裂伸长率分别提高6.9%和3.6%,结果表明尿素-双醛淀粉浆液性能优良,用作浆料来进行经纱上浆完全适宜;将尿素-双醛淀粉与变性淀粉JFJ以1∶1.98的比例混合后进行浆纱测试,测试结果与现今纺织厂常用的浆料配方相比,浆纱断裂强力、浆纱伸长率、上浆率、增强率和浆纱耐磨次数都基本相近,纱线毛羽降低率、减伸率更为优异,分别提高10.7%、4.8%,浆纱质量明显提高。     

木棉纤维拉伸性能的测试与评价

设计了单纤维强伸性能的新测试方法,测试了4种木棉纤维的拉伸性能,结果发现,木棉纤维拉伸曲线与棉纤维相似,没有明显的屈服点.木棉纤维断裂强力和断裂伸长率在一定范围内均有分布,4种木棉纤维平均断裂强力1.44～1.71 cN,平均断裂伸长率1.83%～4.23%,纤维长度、线密度与木棉纤维的断裂强力明显相关,4种木棉纤维相对断裂强度接近,而断裂伸长率差异较大,木棉纤维初始模量因其品种和产地不同存在一定差异.与棉纤维相比,木棉纤维断裂伸长率低,断裂强度和初始模量与棉纤维相近,但因木棉纤维细软而容易拉断.     

微管骨架在棉纤维细胞伸长中的作用

以陆地棉纤维为实验材料,研究了微管骨架在棉纤维细胞伸长阶段的功能.研究结果表明,在快速伸长期纤维细胞内,微管骨架以垂直于细胞伸长轴方向垂直排列,微纤丝的结构和分布与微管骨架保持一致,细胞壁表面平滑.经过微管阻断剂秋水仙素处理的纤维细胞内,微纤丝的结构和分布受到损坏,细胞壁表面出现颗粒状突起,纤维细胞的伸长也受到明显抑制.以上实验结果表明微管骨架在棉纤维细胞的伸长阶段具有重要的功能.     

Effect of 5′-deletion ofArabidopsis profilin2 promoter on its vascular specific expression

Based on the published sequence of profilin2 promoter ofArabidopsis thaliana, a full-length promoter (1667 bp) was amplified by PCR. The 5′-end deletion fragments with length of 1380, 1153, 969 and 597 bp were then fused withgus (uidA) gene respectively. Constructed plant expression vectors were individually transferred intoKalanchoe laciniata and transgenic plants regenerated. GUS histochemical assay confirmed that the full-length promoter Pfn1.7 was vascular-specific. Deletion assays showed that profilin2 promoter could be divided into three parts. Deletion of fragment 1 (−1667—−1380 bp) resulted in constitutive expression, suggesting that element(s) responsible for vascular-specific expression might exist in this region. Fragment 2 located at −1153—−597 bp strongly inhibitedgus gene expression. Fragment 3 (−597—−1 bp) is considered as a basic domain of profilin2.     

改善苎麻及其混纺纱弹性研究

本文主要为了改善苎麻纱和麻棉纱的弹性,对苎麻纱、麻棉纱和棉纱进行了碱处理。并根据前人所做的工作,即有张力状态下碱处理和松弛状态下碱处理,其纱线性能存在较大差异,因而本文着重考虑在不同张力状态下进行碱处理,研究结果表明,采用低张力进行碱处理。其苎麻纱和麻棉纱的最大变形能力即断裂伸长显著增加,初始弹性模量显著下降,纱线变形恢复能力显著提高。     

不同混纺比的竹浆/棉混纺纱线的力学性能研究

对不同混纺比例的竹浆／棉混纺纱线的力学性能进行了测试和分析．结果表明，随着混纺纱线中棉含量的增加，其混纺纱线的断裂伸长率呈下降趋势，断裂强力则随着混纺纱线的混纺比的变化出现一个极低值，其曲线呈下凹形；而随着竹浆／棉混纺纱线的混纺比的变化，其弹性恢复率几乎不变．     

Pre-drafting Multiple of Spandex for Spandex/cotton Core-spun Yarns

The factors that influence the properties of spandex/ cotton core-spun yarns are introduced. The pre-drafting multiple of spandex is an important parameter that influences the yarn properties such as elasticity, breaking force, breaking elongation and costs. The experiment with different pre-drafting multiple is designed. The effects of pre-drafting multiple on yarn properties are evaluated by fuzzy mathematical decision. 3.3 is the optimum pre-drafting multiple for 14.6tex + 40D spandex/cotton core-spun yarns. At this multiple, the spandex content is proper and the spandex core is less prone to breakage. The cotton fibers wrap spandex more closely and transfer more frequently between inside and outside.     

耐久压烫整理纯棉织物的撕破性能

纯棉织物免烫整理后,拉伸、撕破强力下降,严重影响了织物的耐用性.通过研究免烫整理前后织物的拉伸和撕破强力、纱线的强力和伸长率、交织阻力、形态结构,分析影响撕破强力的因素.研究表明,纱线结构、强力以及伸长率对撕破强力有显著影响.强力和伸长率高的纱线织成的织物被撕破时受力三角区大,共同受力的纱线根数多,撕破强力高;组织结构、经纬纱密度影响纱线间的交织点及滑移情况.交织点少,纱线间滑移容易的织物的撕破强力高.     

Effect of 5'-deletion of Arabi-dopsis profilin2 promoter on its vascular specific expression

Based on the published sequence of profilin2 promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana, a full-length promoter (1667 bp) was amplified by PCR. The 5' -end deletion fragments with length of 1380, 1153, 969 and 597 bp were then fused with gus (uidA.) gene respectively. Constructed plant expression vectors were individually transferred into Kalan-choe laciniata and transgenic plants regenerated. GUS his-tochemical assay confirmed that the full-length promoter Pfn1.7 was vascular-specific. Deletion assays showed that profilin2 promoter could be divided into three parts. Deletion of fragment 1 ( -1667--1380 bp) resulted in constitutive expression, suggesting that element(s) responsible for vascular-specific expression might exist in this region. Fragment 2 located at -1153 - -597 bp strongly inhibited gus gene expression. Fragment 3 ( -597 - -1 bp) is considered as a basic domain of profilin2.     

Study on Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment to Improve Sizing Performance of Pure Polyester and Polyester/Cotton Yarns

Since polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a sizing agent is not environmental friendly,it' s imperative to use less or even without PVA in the warp sizing.A set of sizing formulas with the same solid containing rate and different proportion were designed.After sizing practice of pure polyester and polyester/cotton yarns with atmospheric pressure plasma treatment by the set of sizing formulas,sizing quality was compared.The results indicate that strength enhancement rate,elongation reduction rate,and abrasion resistance of pure polyester and polyester/cotton sized yarn are significantly improved by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment.Meanwhile,PVA can be used less,or replaced by acrylic acid size.     

Specific interaction between phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and profilactin

There is evidence that the polymerization of actin takes place at the plasma membrane, and that profilactin (profilin/actin complex), the unpolymerized form of actin found in extracts of many non-muscle cells, serves as the immediate precursor. Both isolated profilin and profilactin interact with detergent when analysed by charge shift electrophoresis, indicating that they have amphipathic properties and may be able to interact directly with the plasma membrane. We demonstrate here that isolated profilin, as well as the profilactin complex, interacts with anionic phospholipids. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) was found to be the most active phospholipid, causing a rapid and efficient dissociation of profilactin with a concomitant polymerization of the actin in appropriate conditions. These and other observations suggest the possibility of a relationship between the induction of actin filament formation and the increased activity in the phosphatidylinositol cycle seen as a result of ligand-receptor interactions in various systems.     

新型完全生物降解农膜的田间降解性能研究

研制和开发可降解农膜是解决白色污染最有效的途径。为研究生物降解农膜的田间降解行为,本文系统考察了在自然条件下全生物降解农膜(PLA-PEG共聚物)在新疆石河子地区棉田的降解性能,利用红外光谱、X线衍射、分子量拉伸强度、断裂伸长率以及热重等分析对农膜结构和性能的变化分析检测。实验结果表明:随着铺膜时间的增长,农膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和分子量呈下降趋势;4个月以后,分子量由5.43×10~4降低到了2.5×10~4;农膜的机械性能几乎完全丧失,在不同的方向上拉伸强度分别由24.70、27.49和31.93 MPa降低到了3.17、7.52和3.76 MPa。在正常自然气候条件下4个月内,农膜在田间能基本保持较好性能,具有一定的推广价值。     

Observation of fiber ultrastructure of Ligon lintless mutant in upland cotton during fiber elongation

Lintless mutant is a super-short fiber mutanl in upland cotton only 4-8 mm in fiber length and also named Ligon cotton controlled by one dominant gene Li1. Fiber ultrastructure of the mutant (Li1) and its its wild (li1) in siti and in vitro was observed under an electron microscope to understand its cytological characteristics during the fiber cell elongation. The resulls showed that the mutant fiber in situ had thinner cytoplasm, more small vacuoles, less mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticula, and there were more starch granules which were free or packed in the amyloplast beside the cell wall than thai of wild type. It was indicated that scarcity of functional organelles and disability of transformation from starch to sugar might be associated with the tact that the mutant fiber cell was aborted too early to elongate into normal length. Mutant ovule in some media containing GA3 could produce a kind of huge callus that grew faster than normal ovules. The callus was covered with many white, loose, and semitransparent fiber-like cells that apt lo get off from ovule. These fiber-like cells were multicellular fibers generated by cell division and had black dots just like pigment glands in the stem and leaf of cotton. There were lots of micro-tubes beside cytoplasm membrane uf the multiecllular fiber, which were thought to be primary preparation for second wall deposition of multicellular fiber. It was indicated that GA3 might induce the expression of gene(s) that kept inactive in the field condition and then stimulate the original fiber cell in vitro to undergo divisionagain.     

替代PVA的接枝变性淀粉浆料的研究

通过实验研究，开发出了替代PVA的接枝变性淀粉浆料，产品中残留的单体极少，接枝率将近13％，其粘度低，粘度热稳定性好，对涤／棉纤维的粘附性好，上浆性能和目标浆料70％PVA＋30％氧化淀粉相比，浆纱强力和伸长率、毛羽均好于目标浆料，耐磨性能和目标浆料也相差无几，克服了其他接枝变性淀粉浆料浆纱耐磨性差的缺点，在实验室涤／棉混纺经纱上浆中全部替代了PVA，取得了很好的上浆效果。     

SYNTHESIS AND SIZING PROPERTIES OF GRAFT STARCHES AS WARP SIZING MATERIALS FOR POLYESTER/COTTON BLEND SPUN YARN

Grafting a number of monomers such as acrylic acid, acrylamide, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate onto granular corn starch was carried out respectively in aqueous dispersion by using cerie ammonium nitrate as an initiator under nitrogen atmosphere. Conversion of monomer, grafting ratio and grafting efficiency were measured by the method of combining the chemical quantitative analysis with the weight. The adhesive power of the starch graft copolymers to polyester/cotton fiber was evaluated by measuring the breaking strength and elongation of the roving impregnated with the paste. The viscosity change of the size paste before and after grafting was studied. The mechanical properties of polyester/cotton fibre yarn sized by the graft starch were tested. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) monomers which were graft coplymerized onto starch have a significant influence upon the viscosity of the size paste; (2) the adhesive power of     

天然绿色棉纤维色素提取及薄层色谱分析

选用12种溶剂对天然绿色棉纤维色素进行超声提取,发现氯仿一甲醇（1：1）的提取效果最好。在此基础上,对绿色棉和白色棉纤维氯仿一甲醇（1：1）提取液的uV光谱和薄层色谱进行了比较研究,结果发现绿色棉和白色棉在UV光谱上有1个差异吸收峰,其最大波长是329nm;绿色棉和白色棉在薄层色谱上有1个有差异的点,其Rf=0．41。     

Modified fiber qualities of the transgenic cotton expressing a silkworm fibroin gene

A silkworm gene for fibroin was introduced into the upland cotton WC line by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. PCR detection for fibroin, nptII and gus genes, Kanamycin (Km)-resistance analysis and GUS-histochemical assay were conducted on 30 regenerated plants from 9 callus lines, and 17 positive plants were obtained by these 5 screening methods. By Km-resistance analysis and PCR for fibroin, 6 homozygous lines in T₃ were obtained. Southern blot and Northern bolt demonstrated that the fibroin gene was inserted into the genome of these 6 lines, stably inherited and expressed. Compared to the control, the surface structure of mature fiber in the 6 lines was significantly distorted and an increased number of convolution was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fiber quality traits analysis indicated that fiber elongation of the 6 homozygous lines was all increased and fiber strength of 3 lines was enhanced. These results indicated that fibroin expression influenced cotton fiber structure and quality, suggesting that fibroin has great potential for improving cotton fiber quality by genetic engineering. Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA100105), Science & Technology Pillar Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BE2008310) and Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (Grant No. B08025) Contributed equally to this work     

THE ADHESIVE CAPACITY OF STARCH GRAFT COPOLYMERS TO POLYESTER/COTTON FIBER

The advantages of using starch graft copolymers as warp sizes in textile were briefly discussed, and the factors of affecting adhesive capacity to the fiber were analysed. By using eerie ammonium nitrate as an initiator under nitrogen atomosphere, a number of vinyl and/or acrylic monomers such as acrylic acid, acrylamide, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate and the combinations among them were graft copolymerized respectively onto granular corn starch in aqueous dispersion. The adhesive capacity of these starch graft copolymers to polyester/cotton fibers was evaluated by a slightly sized rovings according to V. K. Aggarwal's method which measures the breaking strength and elongation of the rovings impregnated with the size paste. The influences of the monomers and their combinations, the grafting technological processes and the pretreatment methods before graft copolymerization upon adhesive capacity have been dis     

Study of Rotor Spun Basofil/Cotton Blended Yarn Quality Characteristics during Optimisation of Processing Parameters

Yarn quality characteristics are affected by processing parameters. A 36 tex rotor spun yarn of 50/50 Basofil/ cotton （B/C） blended yarn was spun, and the spinning process optimised for rotor speed, opening roller speed and twist factor. Selected yarn characteristics were studied during the optimization process. During the optimizations process yarn elongation and hairiness reduced with increase in rotor speed. Tenacity increased with increase of rotor speed. The increase in TF caused tenacity and CV of count to increase up to a peak and then started to decrease with further increase of TF.While TF caused an increase in yarn hairiness, elongation decreased to a minimum level and then started to increase with further increase of TF. CV of count and hairiness increased with increase in opening roller speed, but tenacity and elongation decreased with increase in opening roller speed. The optimization process yielded the optimum levels for rotor speed, opening roller speed and twist factor （TF） as 45,000 rpm, 6,500 rpm and 450 respectively. As per uster Standards the optimum yam showed good results for CV of count, CV of tenacity and thin places/km.