高速电弧喷涂FeCrAl／WC复合涂层研究

将自行研制的FeCrAl/WC粉芯丝材利用高速电弧喷涂技术成功地制备出FeCrAl/WC复合涂层,用EDS,XRD和成分分析系统得到FeCrAl/WC涂层的组成为FeCr的质量分数约为84%;WC,W2C及少量的（FeCr)2O3的Al2O3的质量分数约为16%。涂层的工艺性能和力学性能表明FeCrAl/WC复合涂层具有高结合强度、高致密度和较多氧化物的特点。涂层的高温冲蚀性能结果表明,在650℃高温环境下,FeCrAl/WC复合涂层的抗冲蚀磨损性能高于20号钢,并表现出良好的全攻角冲蚀磨损抗力,能够解决燃煤锅炉管道的高温燃气-飞灰高温冲蚀磨损问题。     

碳氮强化电弧喷涂涂层合金组织与耐磨性能

研制一种新型的碳氮合金化喷涂丝材,通过高速电弧喷涂设备在Q235低碳钢板表面制备耐磨合金。用扫描电镜观察合金涂层形貌,用EDS分析涂层化学成分,并用显微硬度仪检测涂层显微硬度及磨粒磨损试验机测量涂层磨损失重。研究涂层的成形、耐磨损性能及其机制。结果表明:使用添加N替代部分C进行碳氮强化的喷涂丝材所制备的涂层合金成形良好,涂层组织均匀,结构致密;涂层显微硬度平均值为568HV0.1,最高值达593HV0.1;涂层结合强度达到45.8MPa; 细小的碳氮化物硬质相颗粒使涂层具有良好的耐磨损性能,其耐磨性是4Cr13不锈钢涂层的1.58倍。     

电弧喷涂金属基复合材料涂层

综述了用电弧喷涂粉芯丝材制备硬质相颗粒增强金属基复合材料（ＭＭＣ）涂层的原理及发展现状，探讨了电弧喷涂ＭＭＣ涂层的设计原则、存在的问题及解决途径，对高速电弧喷涂、燃烧电弧喷涂和复合超音速电弧喷涂技术制备ＭＭＣ涂层作了简介。     

一种火力发电厂用锅炉管道防护涂层性能研究

本文利用自行研制的FeCrA1/WC粉芯丝材,用高速电孤喷涂技术制备了用于火电厂锅炉四管防护的FeCrA1/WC涂层,并对涂层的显微组织及相组成、工艺性能及常温力学性能、抗高温腐蚀性能和抗高温冲蚀磨损性能等进行了研究.结果表明,涂层组织呈现出典型的层状结构特征,其相组成为84%的FeCr和16%WC、W2C、少量的(FeCr)2O3及Al2O3,与基体的结合强度为30.8MPa,高温属蚀和高温冲蚀磨损抗力均优于基体材料20G.这也表明具有优良综合性能的FeCrA1/WC涂层能够满足电厂燃煤锅炉管道的工况要求.     

WC/12Co颗粒增强Ni60A复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备不同配比的WC/12Co+Ni60A复合涂层.利用SEM、EDS、XRD等分析技术对该涂层的形貌特征、物相组成和微区成分进行分析,并对涂层硬度及耐磨性进行测试.结果表明:在Ni60A中添加WC/12Co颗粒可使涂层的硬度和耐磨性显著提高,当WC/12Co质量分数为30%时,复合涂层的耐磨性较Ni60A涂层的耐磨性提高10.4倍;WC/12Co+Ni60A复合涂层主要由WC增强颗粒、γ-Ni基体及基体上分布的Cr2B、Cr7C3、Ni3Si2、W2C等相组成.其中大部分未熔的WC颗粒弥散分布在γ-Ni基体上形成硬质点相,是提高涂层耐磨性的主要因素;同时WC颗粒的存在对γ-Ni基固溶体基体有强化作用,使得涂层耐磨性进一步提高.     

电弧喷涂工艺参数对Cr13型不锈钢涂层组织和性能的影响

使用CMD-AS1620型电弧喷涂设备,以低碳钢为基材,选用1Cr13、3Cr13两种不锈钢丝材为电弧喷涂材料制备了不同工艺参数下的涂层,对比了不同材料、不同工艺参数下制备的电弧喷涂涂层的组织和性能,通过实验分析了工艺参数对Cr13型不锈钢涂层组织和性能的影响,结构表明:采用低的喷涂电压、大的喷涂电流、近的喷涂距离和低的喷涂压力,可以减少涂层中的氧化物、降低孔隙率,控制涂层的碳元素烧损,得到致密的高硬度的涂层.     

高速火焰喷涂和气体爆燃喷涂铁铝涂层的比较

在 45 #钢基体上 ,采用高速火焰喷涂 (HVOF)法和气体爆燃喷涂法 (DGS) 2种不同的工艺方法 ,分别喷涂铁铝涂层 ,观察涂层的微观组织 ,并分析其相结构及截面组织的不同 .将 2种工艺条件下喷涂的铁铝涂层的试样浸入液态锌中 ,比较其耐液态锌腐蚀的性能 ,观察涂层与液态锌反应的断面形貌 .结果表明 ,DGS法喷涂铁铝层由FeAl和Fe4 Al13 组成 ,涂层的截面组织呈黑白相间的片层状 ;HVOF喷涂铁铝层的组织均匀 ,为大部分的FeAl相及少量Al2 O3 相 .Fe4 Al13 相的存在使DGS法喷涂铁铝层比HVOF喷涂的铁铝层更耐锌腐蚀     

高速电弧喷涂药芯焊丝涂层的组织与性能

探讨了高速电弧喷涂工艺对低碳马氏体型、高硬度耐磨型、7Cr1 3型马氏体不锈钢三种药芯丝材涂层耐磨性、抗热震性及金相组织的影响 .试验结果表明 :涂层的组织与电流的关系是随着电流加大 ,涂层盘状搭接形态的流线状减弱 ,层与层之间发生粒子的相互重溶过程 ,粒子铺展性好 ,分布均匀 ,晶粒变得细小 .因此 ,耐磨性及抗热震性随电弧电流的增加而增强     

气体爆燃喷涂铁铝涂层显微结构研究

采用气体爆燃喷涂技术制备的铁铝涂层具有良好的耐蚀性能.该涂层与铁铝粉末原料相比较,其成分、结构均存在较大的差异.对该涂层的微观结构进行分析,能够为涂层的耐蚀性能研究提供可靠的实验依据.按照已确定的气体爆燃喷涂(DGS)工艺,制备了耐蚀的铁铝涂层.使用光学显微镜、XRD、TEM、电子探针分析了涂层的微观结构和各相的成分.结果表明,涂层中含有Fe4Al13、FeAl和Al2O3相;喷涂后原料粉末发生了复杂的相变,由Fe4Al13相大部分转变成为FeAl相组织和Al2O3合金颗粒,生成了非晶组织和细小晶粒组织;以上各相具有良好的耐腐蚀性能.     

反应等离子熔覆复合材料涂层的耐磨性研究

以Fe—Cr—C合金粉末为原料,采用反应等离子熔覆技术,在45号钢表面制得以原位生成初生相（Cr,Fe）7C3为增强相的新型陶瓷复合材料涂层。利用SEM、XRD、EDS和显微硬度计等分析了涂层的显微组织和硬度,分别在室温干滑动磨损及高温滑动磨损条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性,并讨论了其磨损机理。结果表明,涂层组织包括（Cr,Fe）7C3增强相和γ－Fe固溶体与少量（Cr,Fe）7C3构成的共晶;该涂层在室温干滑动磨损和高温滑动磨损条件下均具有优异的耐磨性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the