高速电弧喷涂FeCrAl／WC复合涂层研究

将自行研制的FeCrAl/WC粉芯丝材利用高速电弧喷涂技术成功地制备出FeCrAl/WC复合涂层,用EDS,XRD和成分分析系统得到FeCrAl/WC涂层的组成为FeCr的质量分数约为84%;WC,W2C及少量的（FeCr)2O3的Al2O3的质量分数约为16%。涂层的工艺性能和力学性能表明FeCrAl/WC复合涂层具有高结合强度、高致密度和较多氧化物的特点。涂层的高温冲蚀性能结果表明,在650℃高温环境下,FeCrAl/WC复合涂层的抗冲蚀磨损性能高于20号钢,并表现出良好的全攻角冲蚀磨损抗力,能够解决燃煤锅炉管道的高温燃气-飞灰高温冲蚀磨损问题。     

碳氮强化电弧喷涂涂层合金组织与耐磨性能

研制一种新型的碳氮合金化喷涂丝材,通过高速电弧喷涂设备在Q235低碳钢板表面制备耐磨合金。用扫描电镜观察合金涂层形貌,用EDS分析涂层化学成分,并用显微硬度仪检测涂层显微硬度及磨粒磨损试验机测量涂层磨损失重。研究涂层的成形、耐磨损性能及其机制。结果表明:使用添加N替代部分C进行碳氮强化的喷涂丝材所制备的涂层合金成形良好,涂层组织均匀,结构致密;涂层显微硬度平均值为568HV0.1,最高值达593HV0.1;涂层结合强度达到45.8MPa; 细小的碳氮化物硬质相颗粒使涂层具有良好的耐磨损性能,其耐磨性是4Cr13不锈钢涂层的1.58倍。     

电弧喷涂金属基复合材料涂层

综述了用电弧喷涂粉芯丝材制备硬质相颗粒增强金属基复合材料（ＭＭＣ）涂层的原理及发展现状，探讨了电弧喷涂ＭＭＣ涂层的设计原则、存在的问题及解决途径，对高速电弧喷涂、燃烧电弧喷涂和复合超音速电弧喷涂技术制备ＭＭＣ涂层作了简介。     

一种火力发电厂用锅炉管道防护涂层性能研究

本文利用自行研制的FeCrA1/WC粉芯丝材,用高速电孤喷涂技术制备了用于火电厂锅炉四管防护的FeCrA1/WC涂层,并对涂层的显微组织及相组成、工艺性能及常温力学性能、抗高温腐蚀性能和抗高温冲蚀磨损性能等进行了研究.结果表明,涂层组织呈现出典型的层状结构特征,其相组成为84%的FeCr和16%WC、W2C、少量的(FeCr)2O3及Al2O3,与基体的结合强度为30.8MPa,高温属蚀和高温冲蚀磨损抗力均优于基体材料20G.这也表明具有优良综合性能的FeCrA1/WC涂层能够满足电厂燃煤锅炉管道的工况要求.     

WC/12Co颗粒增强Ni60A复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备不同配比的WC/12Co+Ni60A复合涂层.利用SEM、EDS、XRD等分析技术对该涂层的形貌特征、物相组成和微区成分进行分析,并对涂层硬度及耐磨性进行测试.结果表明:在Ni60A中添加WC/12Co颗粒可使涂层的硬度和耐磨性显著提高,当WC/12Co质量分数为30%时,复合涂层的耐磨性较Ni60A涂层的耐磨性提高10.4倍;WC/12Co+Ni60A复合涂层主要由WC增强颗粒、γ-Ni基体及基体上分布的Cr2B、Cr7C3、Ni3Si2、W2C等相组成.其中大部分未熔的WC颗粒弥散分布在γ-Ni基体上形成硬质点相,是提高涂层耐磨性的主要因素;同时WC颗粒的存在对γ-Ni基固溶体基体有强化作用,使得涂层耐磨性进一步提高.     

电弧喷涂工艺参数对Cr13型不锈钢涂层组织和性能的影响

使用CMD-AS1620型电弧喷涂设备,以低碳钢为基材,选用1Cr13、3Cr13两种不锈钢丝材为电弧喷涂材料制备了不同工艺参数下的涂层,对比了不同材料、不同工艺参数下制备的电弧喷涂涂层的组织和性能,通过实验分析了工艺参数对Cr13型不锈钢涂层组织和性能的影响,结构表明:采用低的喷涂电压、大的喷涂电流、近的喷涂距离和低的喷涂压力,可以减少涂层中的氧化物、降低孔隙率,控制涂层的碳元素烧损,得到致密的高硬度的涂层.     

高速火焰喷涂和气体爆燃喷涂铁铝涂层的比较

在 45 #钢基体上 ,采用高速火焰喷涂 (HVOF)法和气体爆燃喷涂法 (DGS) 2种不同的工艺方法 ,分别喷涂铁铝涂层 ,观察涂层的微观组织 ,并分析其相结构及截面组织的不同 .将 2种工艺条件下喷涂的铁铝涂层的试样浸入液态锌中 ,比较其耐液态锌腐蚀的性能 ,观察涂层与液态锌反应的断面形貌 .结果表明 ,DGS法喷涂铁铝层由FeAl和Fe4 Al13 组成 ,涂层的截面组织呈黑白相间的片层状 ;HVOF喷涂铁铝层的组织均匀 ,为大部分的FeAl相及少量Al2 O3 相 .Fe4 Al13 相的存在使DGS法喷涂铁铝层比HVOF喷涂的铁铝层更耐锌腐蚀     

高速电弧喷涂药芯焊丝涂层的组织与性能

探讨了高速电弧喷涂工艺对低碳马氏体型、高硬度耐磨型、7Cr1 3型马氏体不锈钢三种药芯丝材涂层耐磨性、抗热震性及金相组织的影响 .试验结果表明 :涂层的组织与电流的关系是随着电流加大 ,涂层盘状搭接形态的流线状减弱 ,层与层之间发生粒子的相互重溶过程 ,粒子铺展性好 ,分布均匀 ,晶粒变得细小 .因此 ,耐磨性及抗热震性随电弧电流的增加而增强     

气体爆燃喷涂铁铝涂层显微结构研究

采用气体爆燃喷涂技术制备的铁铝涂层具有良好的耐蚀性能.该涂层与铁铝粉末原料相比较,其成分、结构均存在较大的差异.对该涂层的微观结构进行分析,能够为涂层的耐蚀性能研究提供可靠的实验依据.按照已确定的气体爆燃喷涂(DGS)工艺,制备了耐蚀的铁铝涂层.使用光学显微镜、XRD、TEM、电子探针分析了涂层的微观结构和各相的成分.结果表明,涂层中含有Fe4Al13、FeAl和Al2O3相;喷涂后原料粉末发生了复杂的相变,由Fe4Al13相大部分转变成为FeAl相组织和Al2O3合金颗粒,生成了非晶组织和细小晶粒组织;以上各相具有良好的耐腐蚀性能.     

反应等离子熔覆复合材料涂层的耐磨性研究

以Fe—Cr—C合金粉末为原料,采用反应等离子熔覆技术,在45号钢表面制得以原位生成初生相（Cr,Fe）7C3为增强相的新型陶瓷复合材料涂层。利用SEM、XRD、EDS和显微硬度计等分析了涂层的显微组织和硬度,分别在室温干滑动磨损及高温滑动磨损条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性,并讨论了其磨损机理。结果表明,涂层组织包括（Cr,Fe）7C3增强相和γ－Fe固溶体与少量（Cr,Fe）7C3构成的共晶;该涂层在室温干滑动磨损和高温滑动磨损条件下均具有优异的耐磨性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to