Genetic relationships among Chinese and American isolates of Phytophthora sojae assessed by RAPD markers

The genetic diversity of three geographic populations of Phytophthora sojae from China and the United States was determined using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）. The purpose was to explore genetic relationships among Chinese and American isolates of the organism. 21 random primers were selected among 200 random primers screened. A total of 223 reproducible RAPD fragments were scored among 111 individuals, of which 199 （89.23%） were polymorphic. Analysis of genetic variation showed that there existed higher genetic variation in the United States population in comparison to the Chinese populations. Nei＇s genetic identity and principal component analysis indicated that the populations of Fujian and United States are closer to each other than to Heilongjiang populations. Shannon-Wiener diversity index revealed that the United States populations have a higher genetic di- versity than that of Chinese populations. These data are in support of the hypothesis that P. sojae in the United States might not have been introduced from China.     

鳙鱼人工繁殖群体遗传多样性的研究

运用40个随机引物对湖北荆州和广西昭平的两个鳙鱼（Aristchthys nobilis)人工繁殖群体进行了随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）分析。结果表明，两个鳙鱼人工繁殖群体内个体间的遗传相似度分别为0．9755和0．9797，Shanonn表型多样性指数分别为5．541和4．954；以所得RAPD数据分析为基础，对鳙鱼人工繁殖群体的遗传多样性进行了分析，对鳙鱼人工繁殖过程中的一些问题进行了讨论。     

深圳塘朗山桫椤孑遗种群的遗传分化研究

应用RRPD标记分析了深圳塘朗山桫椤孑遗种群全部57个个体的遗传变异和进化关系。50个引物共检测到171个位点，其中多态位点10个，多态位点比率5．85％。基于基因频率的Shannon多样性指数平均值为0.0165，Nei基因多样度指数平均值为0．0094，表明该种群的遗传多样性水平极低。对Jaccard相似性系数矩阵用UPGMA法进行聚类分析显示，57个个体可分为4个亚群。RAPD谱带表型的主成分分析(PCA)支持聚类分析结果。根据研究结果讨论了种群的管理和保护策略。     

双棘黄姑鱼人工繁育群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用22个随机引物对双棘黄姑鱼人工繁育群体的遗传多样性水平进行随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）分析，共检测出248个位点，其中有104个多态位点，平均多态位点百分率P为41．9％；其个体间的平均遗传距离L为0．0657，平均相似系数S为0．9343，Shannon遗传多样性指数H0为0．2829．通过与其他一些鱼类的RAPD研究结果进行对比，对双棘黄姑鱼人工繁育群体的遗传多样性水平进行了分析评估,文中同时就人工繁育及鱼类种质资源的可持续利用问题进行了初步讨论．     

Genetic diversity in Penaeus chinensis shrimp as revealed by RAPD technique

The random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was used to estimate genetic diversity in one successively cultivated stock and three wild stocks of Penaeus chinensis shrimp, two of which were collected from the spawning and wintering grounds in the west coast of Korean Peninsula, and one from the feeding ground in the China coast of the Yellow Sea. A random primer kit was employed to scan the genomic DNA in 20 individuals of each index stock. A total of 110 reproducible RAPD markers were obtained, 68.2 % of which showed a sound eonformability within all the individuals detected, implying that the genetic variability in P. chinensis is relatively low. The proportions of polymorphic loci among these four stocks ranged from 20% to 33.3%, while the degrees of genetic polymorphisms varied from 0.0093 to 0.0307. The genetic variability of inter-stocks was higher than that of intra-stock. The genetic diversity in different stocks differed from each other; that is, a less genetic differentiation in the spawning and wintering stocks from the west coast of Korean Peninsula was revealed and their genetic diversities were higher than that of the spawning stock in the Bohai Sea and the China coast of the Yellow Sea. As detected, the genetic diversity in the successively cultivated stock was the lowest among these four stocks. Through genetic distance analysis between a random pair of individuals, a dendrogram of the above-mentioned four stocks was constructed by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. The results based on cluster analysis well fitted with the geographical distribution of P. chinensis in the Bohai and Yellow Seas.     

唐鱼野生与养殖群体遗传多样性的随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析

应用随机扩增DNA多态性(RAPD)技术对唐鱼野生与养殖群体的遗传多样性进行了分析。从40个10BP引物中选取15个用于群体遗传多样性分析,共检测出93个位点,其中46个(49.46%)呈多态;两群体的多态位点比例分别为43.01%和41.94%;用香农指数量化的遗传多样性指数,野生群体(0.23)略高于养殖群体(0.20),平均遗传多样性指数为0.22,群体内和群体间的遗传变异比例分别为85%和15%;群体的遗传相似度高达0.96,彼此间的遗传距离仅为0.04。研究表明,唐鱼目前的种质资源状况令人堪忧,恢复唐鱼有效种群大小、丰富物种遗传多样性是资源保护的基础。     

中国特有极度濒危植物猪血木的保护遗传学研究

应用RAPD标记分析了广东阳春八甲镇猪血木Euryodendron excelsumH.T.Chang种群全部14个个体的遗传变异和进化关系.23个引物共检测到156个位点,其中多态位点95个,多态位点比率60.90%.根据所得数据求出的观察等位基因数为1.609 0、有效等位基因数为1.347 1、Nei基因多样性为0.199 3、Shannon多样性指数为0.153 4.猪血木还保留有比较丰富的遗传多样性.对Jaccard相似性系数用UPGMA法进行聚类分析表明,猪血木个体明显地分为2个亚群,其中2号个体同其他成员的遗传关系疏远.RAPD谱带表型的主成分分析(PCA)支持聚类分析结果.根据这些结果讨论了种群的管理和保护策略.     

怀地黄85-5品种内遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

采用CTAB法提取了怀地黄85-5品种16个单株的基因组DNA,使用紫外分析和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其纯度和大小,利用RAPD及ISSR分析其品种内遗传多样性.从24个RAPD引物和43个ISSR引物中分别筛选出具有稳定多态性条带的RAPD引物3个和ISSR引物2个,分别对16个单株基因组DNA进行PCR扩增.3个RAPD引物共扩增出7条带,其中多态性条带为4个,多态性比率为57.14%.2个ISSR引物共扩增出17条带,其中多态性条带为11个,多态性比率为64.7%.结果表明,怀地黄85-5品种内存在遗传差异,但遗传多样性比地黄品种间的低.     

黄河三角洲柽柳群体遗传多样性RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分子标记技术,分析了黄河三角洲主要优势树种之一柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)3个天然群体的遗传多样性及遗传分化。结果表明:26条随机引物扩增出105个可分析位点,多态位点百分比40.07%,Nei的基因多样度(h)为0.4061,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.5917,基因分化系数(Gst)为0.0507,基因流值为9.3564。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,在总遗传变异中,群体间遗传变异占7.17%,群体内占92.83%。说明柽柳物种内存在较高的遗传多样性,群体的遗传变异主要存在于群体内,群体间基因交流频繁,遗传距离与地理距离具有显著相关性。     

RAPD分子标记与群体遗传多态性分析

综述了ＲＡＰＤ分子标记技术的基本原理和基本方法,并介绍了该技术在群体遗传多态性研究中的应用及分子数量分析方法。     

丁(鱼岁)遗传多样性的随机扩增多态性DNA分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术对15个丁鱼岁养殖个体的遗传多样性进行分析.选用20个随机引物对其基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,有16个引物可以扩增出稳定且清晰的条带,其中S103、S104和S105为多态引物.16个引物共扩增出65个DNA位点,片段大小在200~3 000 bp之间,其中多态性位点6个,多态位点比例为9.23%.个体间遗传距离在0~0.067 4之间,平均遗传距离为0.028 6.结果显示,丁鱼岁养殖群体的遗传多样性水平较低.     

陆均松不同居群的RAPD分析

采用ＲＡＰＤ技术分析了海南吊罗山产陆均松９个个体的遗传多样性,１０个引物共检测了６９个位点,其中多态位点２３,占３３．３０％,陆均松的个体间遗传距离平均值为０．１０６１,与国汉松相比,陆均松的遗传我样性丰富,推测过度砍伐是造成陆均松渐危的原因。     

皖西白鹅遗传多样性的RAPD分析

用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术对皖西白鹅产区内１１个不同地点的２４只个体一进行遗传多样性分析。从３４个随机引物中筛选出的１２个引物对所有个体的总基因组ＤＮＡ进行了ＰＣＲ扩增。共扩增出８７个ＤＮＡ片段,其中的２２个多态性片段,计算了各多态性片段在群体中分布的频率及各个体间的遗传距离指数。同时根据遗传距离指数对它们进行了聚类分析。作为家养动物的个品种,皖西白鹅的遗传多样性程度较高。     

金华地区野生大豆小种群的分子生态学研究

为了阐明小地区范围内野生大豆种群的遗传分化情况,应用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）方法,对浙江金华地区５个一年生野生大豆种群,进行了分子生态学研究。用根据ＲＡＰＤ数据计算得 Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ指数估计了５个野生大豆种群的遗传多样性。发现大部分的遗传变异存在于野生大豆种群间,只有少部分的遗传变异存在于种群内。     

基于RAPD标记的罗布麻野生居群遗传多样性分析

利用RAPD技术对采自我国8个省份的9个罗布麻野生居群进行遗传多样性分析.从80条随机引物中筛选出17条引物,共扩增出157条带,其中多态性带108条.物种水平的多态位点百分率(PPB)为68.79%,Nei’s基因多样性指数H为0.2296,Shannon’s多态性信息指数I为0.3390.居群间的遗传分化系数Gst为0.8841,即11.59%的遗传变异来自于居群内,88.41%的遗传变异来自于居群间,居群间的遗传分化水平远高于居群内.居群间遗传距离与聚类结果显示各居群间的亲缘关系与地理分布不完全相关.针对现有罗布麻的遗传多样性现状,建议加强对现有自然居群的保护.     

RAPD analysis of genetic variability among Stylosanthes guianenesis accessions of resistant and susceptible to the stylo anthracnose

Stylosanthes guianenesis Sw. is an important tropical forage legume grown and utilized in the tropics and the subtropics of South China. Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., is a major constraint to the extensive use of Stylosanthes. Forty-five accessions of S. guianensis were assessed with RAPD for genetic diversity and for resistance to anthracnose. RAPD analysis was performed using twenty primers screened from 200 arbitrary oligonucleotides, and a 71.5% level of polymorphism was found. The dendrogram obtained with unweighted pair group method of averages (UPGMA) based on the RAPD data showed genetic similarity from 50% to 94% among all stylo accessions, and fourteen clusters were defined at 66.5% genetic similarity. Two strains of C. gloeosporioides from stylo in China were used for anthracnose resistance screening. All plant accessions showed variation in the reaction to two strains and the correlation of resistance had a value of 0.904. Multiple correspondence analysis displayed a random distribution of the resistance or susceptibility response with respect to the genetic diversity measured by RAPD analysis except one group. Mean distance was also calculated to determine the diversity within clusters. From our results, the RAPD analysis is an effective and efficient technique of providing quantitative estimates of genetic similarity among stylo accessions.     

淤泥湖和梁子湖团头鲂遗传多样性的研究

采用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术对淤泥湖和梁子湖的团头鲂进行了遗传分析,在所用20个10碱基随机引物中,除OPP－1、OPP－13外,其余18个引物都能对团头鲂扩增出稳定的RAPD谱带,其中OPP－7、8、9、12、15、17等6个引物在团头鲂不同个体间扩增出多态性片段,用这些引物对团头鲂进行遗传分析,结果表明,淤泥湖团头鲂个体间的遗传相似度在0．9543－0．9718之间,平均值为0．9617;梁子湖团头鲂个体间的遗传相似度在0．9541－0．9622之间,平均值为0．9589;淤泥湖和梁子湖团头鲂个体间的遗传相似度在0．9395－0．9614之间,平均值为0．9541。     

应用RAPD鉴定红菇组织分离菌株的探索试验

用组织分离技术从野生红菇（Ｒｕｓｓｕｌａ ｓｐ．）子实体中中分离得３个菌株。用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）对红菇子实体和分离菌株的ＤＮＡ多样性进行分析,以确定３个分离菌株与子实体之间的亲缘关系。实验使用１６个随机引物检测４０多个位点,计算它们之间的相似性。实验结果表明３个分离菌株和红菇子实体之间的ＤＮＡ相似性非常高,红菇子实体和对照菌株「凤尾菇（Ｐｌｅｕｒｏｔｕｓ ｓａｊｏｒ－ｃａｊｕ）和金针     

Influence of long-period pesticide force on genetic polymorphism of wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Lycosidae: Araneae)

Wolf spiders are predators in large quantities in the fields. How wolf spiders keep their dominant species status under long-period pesticide force? To answer this question, eight geographical populations of Pardosa pseudoannulata were used as materials to test the influence of geographical habitats on their genomic DNA polymorphism. The RAPD pattern showed polymorphic variations among and within different populations. Total 84 bands amplified by 10 random primers, of which 62 (73.81%) are polymorphic, were generated from 55 individuals of eight geographical populations. Meanwhile, Shannon’s index (Ho= 0.5177) showed a rich genetic diversity of P. pseudoannulata, and most of the genetic variation (64.24%) was found within populations. Multiple regression analysis suggested that it is the climatic variation (such as annual average temperature etc.) that results in adaptive eco-geographic differentiation, and it is the long-period pesticide force that speeds up the genetic differentiation of P. pseudoannulata which changed the genetic diversity of the population.     

墨西哥落羽杉无性系RAPD指纹图谱的构建

利用随机多态扩增DNA(RAPD)分子标记对53个墨西哥落羽杉无性系的研究表明:31个随机引物共扩增出了241条谱带,其中118条谱带在无性系间呈现多态性,多态位点占48.96%;用POPGENE软件对无性系进行遗传分析,得出无性系间的遗传距离为0.271~0.537,说明无性系间的遗传差异相对较大。通过聚类分析将53个优良无性系分为两大类,同时利用RAPD分子标记构建了53个无性系的指纹图谱,可对墨西哥落羽杉优良无性系进行区分和鉴定。