CT和MRI对颅底肿瘤的诊断价值(附105例分析)

目的：分析颅底肿瘤的CT和MRI表现,总结CT和MRI对颅底肿瘤的诊断价值.方法：收集一组经手术及病理证实的颅底肿瘤105例,全部病例行CT和MRI平扫加增强检查.结果：本组105例中,颅底区肿瘤36例,其中脊索瘤10例,转移瘤11例,三叉神经瘤5例,骨软骨瘤5例,骨软骨肉瘤2例,淋巴瘤2例,骨巨细胞瘤1例;颅底上区肿瘤46例,其中脑膜瘤23例,垂体瘤18例,胆脂瘤5例;颅底下区肿瘤23例,其中鼻咽癌16例,蝶窦癌4例,筛窦癌2例,颈静脉孔区神经瘤1例.CT和MRI表现各异,可清楚显示颅底肿瘤的大小、部位、范围、内部结构及向周围的浸润程度,对颅底肿瘤能作出正确诊断.结论：CT和MRI对颅底肿瘤的诊断具有重要价值,对指导临床治疗具有极大意义.     

9例颅内黑色素瘤的CT、MRI诊断和治疗

目的:探讨颅内黑色素瘤的CT、MR影像特点及治疗方法.方法:回顾性分析我院1999年以来收治的9例颅内黑色素瘤的CT、MR影像特点.结果:原发性黑色素瘤3例,转移性黑色素瘤6例.6例CT平扫表现为类圆形高密度影5例,类圆形低密度影1例,增强扫描肿瘤不均匀增强.7例行MRI检查,6例MRIT1 WI肿瘤表现为高信号,1例为不均匀低信号;6例T2 WI低信号,1例低高信号.T1 WI增强扫描6例明显增强.结论:颅内黑色素性黑色素瘤MRI具有特征性表现,病理检查是确诊黑色素瘤的最后手段.在手术基础上进行包括伽玛刀治疗、放疗及化疗的综合治疗有望提高疗效.     

宫颈癌的MRI诊断及分期

目的选取宫颈癌患者共36例进行MRI表现和分期研究,探讨MRI在宫颈癌诊断中的作用。方法回顾性分析36例采用MRI检查的研究患者,观察其MR中肿瘤大小、位置、动态增强信号特点、侵犯程度等情况,并与完成手术病理确诊的28例患者进行对比分析。结果除1例IA期未被MRI表示外,其余患者均被显示,显示率达97.22%;T1WI信号呈现等信号或稍低信号,T2WI信号呈现稍高信号,成像中患病部位信号与子宫内膜、宫旁脂肪以及宫颈基质存在较明显的对比,动态增强早期阶段病灶明显强化;MRI诊断宫颈癌其肿瘤定位准确率为100%,分期符合率为85.71%。结论 MR成像技术能够准确地显示出患者宫颈癌变的肿瘤大小以及侵犯情况,且有助于较准确地于术前进行癌变分期,可作为首选的检验及分期方法。     

原发性脑淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现与病理对照分析

目的探讨原发性脑淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现与病理特征的相关性,以提高诊断准确率。方法回顾性分析19例经活检或手术病理证实的脑淋巴瘤,分析其CT与MRI表现特点,并与病理资料对照分析。结果19例患者单发11例,多发8例,共发现32个病灶,多发病灶常呈区域性分布。病灶常位于大脑半球表浅部位和近中线部位。CT表现为边缘清楚的等或稍高密度;T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI多数呈等或稍高信号,所有病灶均明显强化,其中25个较均匀,7个病灶有小囊状或裂隙状无强化区,病灶形态呈“握拳样”或“团块样”,水肿和占位效应程度不一。病理上均为弥漫性B细胞淋巴瘤。结论病理基础决定脑淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现有一定特征,结合病灶部位、分布、形态、数目、密度、信号及强化等情况分析,可明显提高诊断准确率,有利于临床治疗及预后。     

脑脓肿的MRI诊断分析

本文的目的是分析脑脓肿病例的MRI影像,以提高诊断水平。采用方法是收集16例手术病理证实为脑脓肿患者,对其MRI平扫和增强影像表现进行比较和分析。结果显示MRI平扫脓壁信号在不同时期表现不同,脓液在T1WI上为低信号,T2WI上为高信号,DWI上均表现为高信号,13例增强后脓肿壁呈显著环状强化,3例为不连续结节样强化,脓液不强化。结论是MRI增强和弥散加权对脑脓肿的诊断有特殊意义。     

MR imaging appearance of 27 cases of ganglioglioma

目的:神经节细胞胶质瘤是少见的中枢神经系统肿瘤.本研究通过回顾性分析经手术病理证实的神经节细胞胶质瘤,探讨其磁共振表现特征.方法:收集24例神经节细胞胶质瘤和3例间变性神经节细胞胶质瘤,对其磁共振影像(MRI)表现进行分析.结果:24例神经节细胞胶质瘤和3例间变性神经节细胞胶质瘤,均累及皮层或皮层和皮层下白质,位于幕下5例,22例位于幕上,其中额和/或颞叶有21例;直径范围为2.1～13.0 cm.根据MRI表现可分为囊性为主型、囊实性和实性3种类型,其中4例囊性为主型,囊性部分磁共振平扫呈长T1、长T2异常信号影,3例可见壁结节,壁结节有强化;13例为囊实性,12例为不均匀强化,其中3例间变性神经节细胞瘤均为此类型;10例实性,磁共振平扫表现为稍长T1、稍长T2异常信号影,6例无强化,其余轻度强化.17例无瘤周水肿,10例有轻、中度瘤周水肿.结论:神经节细胞胶质瘤磁共振表现多样,但多为良性慢性生长的表现;肿瘤发生间变后亦有一定的MRI特征,表现为囊实性肿块,增强后不强化或不均匀强化;熟悉这些MRI征象对术前的正确诊断有帮助.     

HR-MRI信号强度的改变在眼眶部疾病诊断中的作用

目的：总结眼眶部疾病的HR-MRI影像表现,主要明确其HR-MRI信号强度的改变在眼眶部疾病诊断中的作用,以提高对其进行鉴别诊断的能力。方法：对诊断明确的208例眼眶部疾病的位置及其磁共振信号的变化情况进行回顾性分析。磁共振扫描采用1．5T磁共振扫描机,用眶部表面线圈进行高分辨率扫描,SE及FSE系列常规轴位、冠状位及（或）矢状位扫描,72例行脂肪抑制扫描、165例行增强扫描。结果：眼眶部可以被分成8区,各区有其各自的好发疾病。眼眶部疾病的MRI信号征象大致可分为4种信号表现。骨膜下区的皮样囊肿及亚急性骨膜下出血、肌锥外区的淋巴管瘤在T1WI及T2WI均为高信号;眼部脉络膜黑色素瘤在T1WI为高信号,T2WI为低信号;骨膜下区及视神经区的脑膜瘤在T1WI及T2WI均为等信号;大部分病变在T1WI为等低信号,T2WI为高信号。结论：MRI信号对眶部疾病的鉴别诊断有重要作用。结合病变的位置、发病年龄,根据MRI信号可以对大多数眼眶部肿瘤做出定性诊断。     

周围神经源性肿瘤的MRI(核磁)和CT诊断

目的：探讨MRI和CT对周围神经源性肿瘤的诊断持性及临床价值。方法：分析10例肿瘤经手术病理证实周围神经源性肿瘤的MRI或和CT征象,其中MRI检查8例,CT检查3例,1例同时行CT和MRI检查。结果：7例神经鞘瘤均表现为边缘光滑的肿块,T2加权上呈不同程度的高信号,多数信号不均,但号强度和分布取决于antoniA区和antoniB区的比例,2例神经纤维瘤表现为弥漫性皮下软组织肿块,CT密度均匀1全恶性神经鞘瘤呈分叶状,密度明显不均。10例中与重要血管神经束相邻肿瘤6例,其中5例行MRI检查的良性神经鞘瘤均清楚显示相邻血管神经束,1例行CT检查的腹股沟恶性神经鞘瘤其血管神经束受累,显示不清。结论：MRI或CT对判断周围神经源性肿瘤的来源及其定位有重要价值,术前MRI或CT检查可减少术中对重要神经或血管的损伤。     

儿童可逆性胼胝体压部病变综合征2例临床特点分析

可逆性胼胝体压部病变综合征(Reversible Splenial Lesion Syndrome,RESLES)是2011年提出的一个新的临床-影像学综合征,其临床症状无特异性,诊断主要依赖于影像学检查,尤其是头颅MRI胼胝体压部可逆性的T1WI等或稍低信号,T2WI及FLAIR稍高信号,DWI高信号,根据其受累部位可分为2种类型,1型多见,表现为仅有胼胝体压部受累;2型少见,除胼胝体压部受累外,其他部位脑白质也可累及[1,2,3]。临床表现主要为意识障碍、精神行为异常、视觉障碍等,症状持续12h以上可以诊断为伴轻型脑炎/脑病的可逆性胼胝体压部病变(MERS),而临床症状持续小于12h的则诊断为无脑炎/脑病的可逆性胼胝体压部病变(non-MERS)[4]。     

脑内囊肿的MRI诊断

通过对23例脑内囊肿的MRI表现进行分析,探讨脑内囊肿的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断。对23例脑内囊肿的MRI表现进行回顾性分析。男7例,女16例。均行MRI检查,包括T1WI、T2WI、T2-FLAIR及DWI序列。脑内囊肿位于侧脑室者6例,脉络膜裂内12例,脑实质者5例。囊肿外形规则者22例、占96.5%(22/23),侧脑室内囊肿可见线样囊壁影。MRI平扫囊肿均呈脑脊液样信号,增强后未见强化,DWI上呈低信号,ADC图呈高信号,明显高于脑实质信号。形态规则、信号类似于脑脊液、DWI呈低信号、ADC图呈高信号、无强化是脑内囊肿的MRI表现特征。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with