七星公园植物多样性调查研究

为了解植物区域化分布特点及多样性,分别应用物种丰富度指数（S）、多样性指数（Shannon-Wiener指数）、优势度指数（Simpson指数）和均匀度指数（E）对七星公园植物群落进行了研究.结果表明：样方内植物乔木有9种,灌木7种,草本4种.表现出的丰富度指数为灌木层〉乔木层〉草本层;Shannon-Wiener指数为乔木层〉灌木层〉草本层;Simpson指数为乔木层〉草本层〉灌木层;Pielou均匀度指数为草本层〉乔木层〉灌木层.     

大石门沟森林公园群落结构与物种多样性特征

采用典型样地法,利用物种多样性指数、均匀度指数、生态优势度指数分析大石门沟森林公园群落结构和物种多样性.结果表明:1)乔木和草本种类丰富,但灌木种类较少.调查区域内乔木共28种,灌木26种,草本91种,分属58科107属,各种类主要以阔叶落叶种为主;2)群落水平结构分布规律不明显,但在垂直结构上呈现出一定的规律性,可分为乔木层、草本层、灌木层.乔木层和草本层结构相对复杂稳定,灌木层结构单一;3)各群落乔木层优势种明显,群落Ⅰ、群落Ⅱ、群落Ⅲ都由3~4个优势种组成,群落Ⅳ乔木层只有1种优势种,如果不进行人工干预,短时间不会改变这种状况;4)群落间的物种多样性指数差异不显著,但各群落的灌木层多样性指数远小于乔木层和草本层,即草本层乔木层灌木层,物种多样性与物种丰富度和分布均匀度呈正相关.整体来看,大石门沟森林公园物种多样性指数整体趋势为群落Ⅱ群落Ⅲ群落Ⅰ群落Ⅳ.     

南宁市城市园林绿地系统植物多样性调查分析

采用典型样地调查方法,对南宁市快速环道内建成区中的动物园、人民公园、新民立交桥绿化地、滨江休闲公园、翠湖新城等12个地点的公园绿地和附属绿地进行调查,比较分析两种园林绿地中乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种组成、物种丰富度指数、优势度指数、Shannon-Weiner多样性指数和均匀度指数.结果显示,南宁市各园林绿地系统的植物应用有较大差异,应用较多的(出现频率>10%)的植物种类有9种;绿地植物种类最多的新民立交桥绿地种有15种,最少的平均仅有3种(中华路),多数样地中物种丰富度分布的垂直结构顺序是灌木层>乔木层≥草本层;乔木层和灌木层的Shannon-Weiner多样性指数变化范围是0.330～1.562,草本层的Shannon-Weiner多样性指数均小于1;乔木层的优势度指数值为0.082～0.52,有8个地点的灌木层优势度指数值>1,草本层的优势度指数值以新民立交桥为最高(1.801);乔木层的均匀度指数以翠湖新城最高(0.840),南湖广场最低(0.364),灌木层的均匀度指数以广西大学最高(1.016),其他地点为0.309～0.596;草本层的均匀度指数以滨江休闲公园(0.574)和朝阳广场(0.535)最大.在所有调查点中,新民立交桥、民族大道、翠湖新城的物种丰富度、优势度、多样性、均匀度指数均较高,其他多数园林绿地树种单调,结构简单,物种多样性低.     

黑龙江省东部山区森林生物多样性研究

研究了黑龙江东部山区森林生态系统的物种组成和生物多样性．调查结果表明：森林植物群落物种丰富度指数和多样性指数大小依次为：草本层＞乔木层＞灌木层；森林昆虫群落的物种多样性指数大小依次为：植食性昆虫＞捕食性昆虫＞寄生性昆虫，群落均匀度的变化不明显。     

都市残存林中樟树群落类型及物种多样性分析

选取武汉市残存林里常见的樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)林为研究对象,基于研究样地记录的15个样方中各物种的重要值,通过聚类分析中的组间连接法,对研究区域的残存樟树林进行了群落类型的划分;并运用Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数,对不同群落类型及不同结构层次的物种多样性进行了分析.结果表明：研究区域的残存樟树群落可划分为6个群丛,分别为：群丛1：樟－女贞－络石＋阔鳞鳞毛蕨群丛;群丛2：樟－女贞＋棕榈－中日金星蕨＋黑足鳞毛蕨群丛;群丛3：樟－海桐＋棕榈－井栏边草＋天葵群丛;群丛4：樟＋马尾松－海桐＋白花龙－络石＋阔鳞鳞毛蕨群丛;群丛5：樟－棕榈＋冬青－阔鳞鳞毛蕨群丛;群丛6：樟－栓皮栎－蕨群丛.其中Patrick丰富度指数R最高的是群丛1,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H、Pielou均匀度指数J、Simpson多样性指数D均最高的是群丛4.研究区域内残存樟树群落,垂直结构上明显分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层三层.就各层的多样性指数而言,多数表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;而群丛4例外,表现为灌木层＞草本层＞乔木层.该研究可为武汉市残存樟树林植被的恢复提供基本的科学依据.     

牛姆林自然保护区几种森林群落的多样性特征研究

运用各多样性指数（丰富度指数：S、dMa、dMe；多样性指数：λ、H′、No、N1、N2；均匀度指数：J、Es、Eh、E2，1、Ea)对样地群落物种多样性进行研究，结果表明：牛姆林天然林群落普遍具较高的物种多样性，且群落空间各部分的物种多样性程度大多表现为灌木层＞乔木层＞草本层或层间植物；并显示了多优势种群落的整体多样性水平高于单优势种群落的群体多样性水平，且在一定程度上反映出牛姆林不同类型天然林的物种多样性程度为：针阔叶混交林＞常绿阔叶林＞杜鹃矮林；对物种多样性指数的比较分析，还揭示了均匀度指数在物种多样性研究中的重要地位。     

凉水国家级自然保护区森林群落结构及物种多样性分析

利用在凉水国家级自然保护区设置的9个样方的调查资料,用丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数对该区主要森林群落结构及物种多样性进行了分析研究.结果表明,不同群落间的物种多样性存在差异,主要表现为生于坡地的森林群落类型的物种多样性指数总体上高于生于谷地的云冷杉林和红皮云杉林.同一群落不同层次的物种多样性也存在差异,丰富度指数除在云冷杉林和红皮云林中表现为草本层>乔木层>灌木层外,其它群落中均表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;均匀度指数在谷地云冷杉林和红皮云林及坡地毛缘苔草毛榛子红松林中表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,在其它群落中均表现为灌木层>草本层>乔木层;Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数在各群落间变化比较复杂,但其变化趋势相同.群落的物种多样性还与群落所处的演替阶段有关,就凉水国家级自然保护区内的红松林而言,随着群落的演替,丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数呈现增加的趋势,当到达顶级群落时又略有降低;而Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数变化不明显.     

戴云山自然保护区不同地形植物群落的物种α多样性研究

分别应用物种丰富度、物种丰富度指数、Shannon．Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数研究戴云山自然保护区物种群落仅。结果表明：（1）仪多样性在600—700m海拔段最高,在1600—1700m海拔段最低;（2）群落物种多样性的各指数值在群落不同层次的变化规律为：灌木层〉乔木层〉草本层;（3）在不同坡向中,物种多样性在西南坡的各指数值最大,而在南坡的各指数最小;（4）不同坡度物种多样性各指数值存在较小的差异。     

竹类侵扰下的四面山南方红豆杉群落物种多样性研究

通过对重庆市四面山风景区南方红豆杉林样地的调查,运用丰富度指数、Shannon-W iener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数,分析该地区竹类侵扰下的南方红豆杉群落物种多样性特征.结果表明：该群落可划分为1个群系组4个群丛,慈竹是该群落的优势种,而红豆杉为灌木层的优势种,同时也是群落的特征种;该群落在垂直结构上可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层;其丰富度指数和多样性指数均表现为灌木层〉草本层〉乔木层;在均匀度上各群丛各层未表现出明显的一致性.     

山西太行山森林群落物种多样性研究

采用物种丰富度指数R、Simpson指数λ、Shannon-Weiner指数H’和Pielou均匀度指数Jsw分析了山西太行山森林群落物种组成、群落不同层次物种多样性,以及多样性的环境解释。结果表明:1)40个样地的201种植物隶属于58科151属,群落垂直结构明显;2)多样性指数在群落各层中的变化情况总体上表现为R在草本层中变幅较大,而λ和H’在乔木层和灌木层变化幅度较大,均匀度指数在草本层变化不明显,意味着草本分布较均匀;3)影响物种多样性的生态因子主要是坡向和坡度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has