Wound-induced alterations in survival of60Co irradiated mice: importance of wound timing

Summary Wounding mice shortly before or shortly after lethal⁶⁰Co irradiation enhances survival. Survival of wounded-irradiated mice may be due to enhanced hematopoietic recovery as measured by endogenous spleen colony (E-CFU-s) formation.Supported by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under research Work Unit 00129. Views presented in this paper are those of the authors; no endorsement by the Defense Nuclear Agency has been given or should be inferred.Research was conducted according to the principles enunciated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals' prepared by the Institute of Laboratory Research, National Research Council.     

Survival enhanced by skin-wound trauma in mice exposed to60Co radiation

Summary A 4%-body-surface skin wound given 24 h before exposure of mice to⁶⁰Co radiation raised the LD 50/30 from 825 to 975 rads, resulting in a dose reduction factor of 1.2. Enhanced survival of mice wounded before radiation was independent of extramedullary splenic myelocytopoiesis.Supported by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under research work unit 8324-60406. The views presented in this paper are those of the authors. No endorsement by the Defense Nuclear Agency has been given or should be inferred.Research was conducted according to the principles enunciated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Research, National Research Council.     

Survival and endogenous spleen colonies of irradiated mice after skin wounding and hydroxyurea treatment

Summary Wound trauma-induced survival from radiation may be related to increased mitosis in hematopoietic cells. This is supported by the cell cycle-dependent drug hydroxyurea, which 1. blocked survival of wounded mice injected 2 or 3 days after 900 rad and 2. reduced the number of endogenous CFU-s in wounded mice injected shortly before 700 rad.Supported by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under Research Work Unit MJ00018. Views presented in this paper are those of the authors; no endorsement by the Defense Nuclear Agency has been given or should be inferred.Research was conducted according to the principles enunciated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the Institute of Laboratory Research, National Research Council.     

Effect of azimexon (BM 12.531) on mouse granulocyte-macrophage and monocyte-macrophage progenitor cells

Summary Treatment of mice with 25 mg/kg azimexon (BM 12.531) resulted in an increase in granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) in spleen and bone marrow after a transient depression in the cell populations. Bone marrow monocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (MM-CFC) increased at 7 days after treatment, and splenic MM-CFC were least affected by azimexon treatment. The increase in granulocytic and monocytic colony-forming cells may play a role in the previously reported protection by azimexon against radiation and drug-induced toxicity.Supported by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under Research Work Unit MJ 00026.     

Shock effects onEuglena gracilis: The effect of the pressure duration

Résumé Les cultures d'Euglena gracilis ont été soumises à des chocs de 20 et 40 (1.21 et 2.41 kg/cm²). La pression engendrée par une pulsation durait de 25µsec, 4 et 10 sec. La durée de la pression servit de critère pour évaluer les effets des niveaux élevés du choc atmosphérique sur le photo-thermotropisme d'Euglena gracilis.

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This work was supported in part by funds from Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense, through the U.S. Geological Survey, under A.R.P.A. Order No, 938. Special thanks are expressed to Dr. C. L.Newcombe of San Francisco State College, and Dr. T.Sh. Hansford of the Geological Survey for making this study possible.     

Host immune rejection of TA3 ascites carcinoma cells following administration of a water soluble carbodiimide

Summary Regression of TA3 ascites carcinoma tumors occurred following i.p. injection of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide\HCl. An immunological mechanism of drug action was indicated by the fact that no significant antitumor activity was demonstrable in mice that had previously received an immunosuppressive 700 rad dose of⁶⁰Co radiation.Research support received from United States Atomic Energy Commission Contract No. W-7405-eng-48 with the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.     

Evidence for the presence of virus in clonal insulin-producing RINm5F cells

Summary The ultrastructural morphology of the clonal insulin-producing cell line, RINm5F, was investigated. Virus-like particles, probably C type viruses, were identified both intra- and extracellularly. Because these particles could not be found in the original transplantable tumor, it is probable that viruses were induced at some later stage in the development of the RINm5F cell line. All investigators using the RINm5F cells should be aware of the fact that these cells may contain one or several types of viruses, and of the possibility that these particles may interfere with a variety of cellular functions.This work was supported by grants from the Lake County Medical Center Developmental Agency (to VH and PWB) and the American Heart Association, Indiana Affiliate (to PWB,^*USA) and by the Swedish Medical Research Council (12X-562), the Swedish Diabetes Association, the Nordic Insulin Foundation and Åke Wibergs Foundation (^**Sweden). Per-Olof Berggren is a recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from the Swedish Medical Research Council.     

Some effects of radiation on the free amino acids of adult female Mediterranean fruit fly,Ceratitis capitata Wied

Summary Ceratitis capitata pupae, 2–3 days before adult emergence, were treated with gamma irradiation from a⁶⁰Co source. The female fruit flies were extracted and analyzed for free amino acids.     

Fertilizer residue from labelled urea in a clay soil

Summary The proportion of nitrogen obtained by wheat Pak-70 from N¹⁵ labelled urea applied at the rate of 120 kg N/ha was less than 35%. Leaching of nitrogen beyond the root zone was shown to be negligible. Most of the nitrogen was therefore left in the soil as residue. The increase in soil inorganic nitrogen values after the wheat harvest confirmed the presence of residual nitrogen.Acknowledgment. This work was sponsored jointly by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission under Research Contract No. 1673/GS. The authors are grateful to the IAEA for providing some essential equipment and analyses of wheat samples for N¹⁵.     

Radiation-induced changes in gentamicin pharmacokinetics

Summary Decreased clearance of i.v. or intratracheally administered gentamicin was observed in rats following single whole-body irradiation, 6 Gy⁶⁰Co, reaching its lowest rate on the 7th post-irradiation day. Simultaneously the absorption rate of gentamicin from the lungs was found to be increased.     

Effect of vitamin E on post irradiation death in mice

Summary The 30-day survival after exposure to 800 Rad⁶⁰Co gamma radiation has been compared for female mice maintained on vitamin E deficient, vitamin E supplemented or regular lab rations before and/or after irradiation. Pre- or post-irradiation dietary supplementation had no effect on survival; however, injection ofa-tocopherol immediately after irradiation significantly reduced radiation lethality.Acknowledgments. This research was supported in part by a grant from the Committee in Aid of Scholarly Activities of Concordia University. The technical assistance of Miss Jocelyne Dagenais is gratefully acknowledged.     

Enhanced excitability in locust muscle fibres induced by calcium free saline

Summary The membrane of locust muscle fibres normally exhibits a graded electrical response to outward current pulses of increasing strength. On removal of Ca⁺⁺ ions from the external medium, these fibres are shown to exhibit depolarizing membrane responses of variable time course and duration. These responses are abolished in Na⁺-free solutions, and by the addition of Mn⁺⁺ ions.D.A.M. was the recipient of a Royal Society and Science Research Council European Exchange Fellowship. We thank the Centre for Overseas Pest Research, Kensington for supplying the locusts.     

Absence of adverse effects in spleen extract. Protected guinea-pigs during second post-irradiation year

Zusammenfassung Todesalter und -gewicht von mit Milzextrakt behandelten Meerschweinchen und von Kontrolltieren im zweiten Jahr nach-Bestrahlung mit einer 75% letalen Dosis werden verglichen und das Fehlen von schädlichen Spätwirkungen der Milzextraktterapie aufgezeigt.

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Presented in part during a Meeting of the Informal Society for the Study of Long-Range Effects of Ionizing Radiation in San Francisco, May, 1960.The present investigations were jointly supported by the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery of the U.S. Navy and the Defense Atomic Support Agency. We should like to express our thanks to the Liaison Officer DASA, LCDRW. H. Chapman, MSC, USN, for his continued support and interest.     

Polychlorinated biphenyl-induced modification of lymphocyte response to plant mitogens in rats

Summary In PCB-treated rats total white cell and differential counts and lymphocyte proliferative response to PWM were unaltered. The lymphocyte response to PHA was increased in treated animals.Acknowledgements. Supported by grants from the Medical Research Council of Canada. We thank the Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo., for donating Aroclor 1254 and Dr.P. Cano for the protein determinations and electrophoresis.     

Gastric mucus effusion elicited by oral copper compounds: Potential anti-ulcer activity

Summary In rats, both Cu(I) and Cu(II) show an irritancy profile not shared with Cu^o or Zn(II) or Ni(II). The gastric response to Cu(II), i.e. copius fluid and mucus secretion, can protect the stomach from the acute ulcerative effects of aspirin or physical stress administered subsequently.to whom all enquiries should be addressed, Supported by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council (Austr.) and University of Tasmania Research Commitee.Acknowledgments: ProfessorsW. R. Walker (Newcastle, Austr.) andL. Field (Nashville, Tenn.) for gifts of Cu(I) and Zn complexes;Dr. J. R. J. Sorenson (Cincinnatti, Ohio) for illuminating discussion; Drs.D. D. Perrin (Canberra) andR. P. Agarwal (Washington D. C.) for providing stability constants and much helpful advice.     

Removal of60Co and65Zn from the mammalian body

Zusammenfassung Trägerfreies⁶⁰Co(II) und⁶⁵Zn wurden Ratten intravenös injiziert. Bei nachträglicher intraperitonealer Applikation der entsprechenden nichtradioaktiven und durch DTPA chelierten Isotope werden erheblich grössere Radionuclidmengen aus dem Körper ausgeschieden als nach Verabfolgung von Ca-DTPA. Isotopischer Austausch ist somit wirksamer als Chelierung.     

Responses of single neurons in the olfactory bulbs of rabbits,dogs, and cats to X-rays

Zusammenfassung Die durch Röntgenstrahlen (1 R/sec) erzeugten elektrischen Impulse einzelner Nervenzellen der Geruchszwiebel wurden in narkotisierten Katzen, Kaninchen und Hunden gemessen. Als typische Reaktion wurde eine kurzfristige Erhöhung der elektrischen Impulse gefunden. Somit sind die von Röntgenstrahlen ausgelösten elektrischen Impulse des Geruchsystems kein artspezifisches, sondern vielmehr ein allgemeines Phänomen.

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This study was supported through funds provided by the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, U.S. Navy, and the Defense Atomic Support Agency. The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as the official views of the Navy Department.     

The structures of minor congeners of detoxin complex,the selective antagonist of blasticidin S1

Summary The structures of the minor congeners of detoxin complex, viz., detoxins E₁, C₁, C₂, C₃, B₁, B₃ and A₁ have been established on the basis of spectral and degradative evidence.Acknowledgment. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Special Project Research (510208) from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan. We are grateful to Kaken Chemical Co. Ltd for the supply of the detoxin complex. This is Part V of studies of Detoxin Complex, the Selective Antagonists of Blasticidin S'. For Part IV, see Ogita et al.⁸.     

Blockade by zinc ions of K+-induced contraction and calcium in guinea pigTaenia coli

Preincubation with 0.3 mM Zn²⁺ markedly inhibited both the tonic response and Ca²⁺ binding at low affinity sites induced by K⁺ (60 mM), with smaller effects on the phasic response and the high affinity Ca²⁺ sites, inTaenia coli. However, when the muscle was kept in Zn²⁺-containing medium following the first stimulation with the K⁺, the phasic response and the high affinity Ca²⁺ sites were more severely inhibited during the second stimulation with K⁺. This probably indicates that Zn²⁺ reduced the tonic tension response to K⁺ mainly by inhibiting Ca²⁺ influx at the cell membranes ofTaenia coli. However, when Zn²⁺ is continuously present, Ca²⁺ is not supplied at the storage sites and is not available for the phasic response to a second stimulation with K⁺.     

Occurrence of a characteristic nucleolar structure in pachytene cells

Resumen Se describe el hallazgo de una estructura nucleolar característica en células paquiténicas de anteras deAllium cepa, fijadas en formol y teñidas con fuchsina. Esta estructura se presenta como una pequeña formación semejante a un botón o anillo en el nucleolo de todos los meiocitos observados en ese estadío.

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The work reported in this paper was undertaken during thetenure of a Research Training Fellowship awarded by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.