当代废纸脱墨技术

简要介绍了当今废纸脱墨的工艺和技术，回顾了废纸脱墨的最新进展，对我国的废纸脱墨有一定借鉴之处。     

废纸回收利用的新进展

本文论述了废纸回收利用的重要意义：我国废纸回收利用及与国外的差距，废纸脱墨技术的应用与发展；废纸回收利用的新动向。     

脱墨剂的制备及应用

本文简要的介绍了废纸脱墨方法,总结了与中国人民解放军第9705工厂协作进行废纸脱墨造纸试验的全过程。试验选用硬脂酸和十八烷基硫酸酯钠盐复配物为脱墨剂,以过滤洗涤法进行废纸脱墨,得到了白度较高(52.5％),残留油墨数较少(20个/cm~2)的再生纸浆,试生产的出口卫生纸质地柔软、色泽鲜艳、质量合格,脱墨剂等药剂成本估算为75元/吨废纸.利用废纸脱墨造纸不仅可以节约造纸资源,而且不必再经蒸煮,可以节约能源,减少环境污染,具有明显的经济效益和环境效益.     

激光打印废纸脂肪酶脱墨的工艺条件

研究脂肪酶对激光打印废纸的脱墨作用,优化脂肪酶脱墨的工艺条件,并与中性脱墨与碱法脱墨进行比较.结果表明,激光打印废纸的脂肪酶脱墨优于中性脱墨与碱法脱墨.脂肪酶脱墨的最佳工艺条件是:碎浆浓度10%～12%,碎浆温度55,℃,碎浆时间40,min,酶用量0.03%,浮选时间8,min.在适宜的脱墨条件下可使脱墨浆ISO白度达到93.42%,残余油墨面积为0.01%.     

废旧新闻纸复合酶脱墨条件的实验

根据纤维素酶和脂肪酶的不同脱墨机理,分别采用纤维素酶、脂肪酶以及二者配制的复合生物酶系,对废旧新闻纸进行了脱墨条件的实验.复合酶的最佳脱墨条件为:pH值6.5～8.0,绝干废纸浆的浓度为2%～4%,温度45℃,酶浓度为5～25u g绝干纸浆,作用时间为30min.复合酶的脱墨效果比单一酶脱墨效果有明显提高.     

旧报纸的酸性生物酶法脱墨

研究了一种新的废纸脱墨工艺，它是用酸性纤维素酶处理旧报纸浆，然后在酸性条件下进行浮选脱墨，此工艺化学药品用量少，有利于环境保护；所得脱墨浆白度高，黄度低；具有较好的滤水性能和相近的强度性能。利用过氧化氢进行漂白时，酶法脱墨浆的可漂性优于化学法脱墨浆。     

利用废纸生产卫生纸及其质量的探讨

利用废纸生产卫生纸时应针对不同种类的废纸，采用没的工艺和设备，进行脱墨、活活和抄造，生产出Ｂ级卫生纸。     

废纸脱墨工艺中泡花碱的应用研究

研究了废纸脱墨工艺中泡花碱的使用方法，提出了以Ｎａ２Ｏ％含量为标准计量泡花碱的最佳用量。     

废纸脱墨及H_2O_2漂白的研究

本试验分别以十二烷基苯磺酸钠、油酸钠等表面活性剂用于废纸脱墨,并对脱墨后的废纸浆进行了Ｈ２Ｏ２ 漂白。结果表明,在废纸浆中加入２％ ＮａＯＨ、３．５％ Ｎａ２ＳｉＯ３、１％ Ｎａ２ＣＯ３ 和１％ 的以油酸钠为主要成分的脱墨剂,废纸脱墨成本低、效果好。浆样在Ｈ２Ｏ２ 漂白后白度为８９．６％ ＳＢＤ,脱墨率可达到９２％ 。     

造纸废水零排放处理技术及应用

本文重点阐述造纸废水零排放处理技术及其工程应用实例,该项技术适用于以废纸为原料的制浆造纸厂废水(不含全脱墨废水)处理,通过此技术工艺处理后可完全回用,从而到达零排放的效果。     

ENZYME-ASSISTED DEINKING AND FIBER MODIFICATION OF MIXED OFFICE WASTE

INTRODUCTIONIn the past 20 years, more and more waste papers were recycled because of the shortage of raw materials and increasing pressure of environment protection. Among those recycled waste paper, MOW, which contains xerographic and laser printed pape…     

脱墨废水的混凝——活性污泥的处理

对脱墨废水采用混凝—活性污泥处理效果进行了研究,结果表明：脱墨废水经过混凝处理,可使BOD5、CODcr和SS的去除率达到64.44%、72.21%和73.93%,混凝后的脱墨废水再经活性污泥处理,其BOD5和 CODcr的去除率达到89%和60%。处理后的废水可循环回用并完全达到国家GWPB2—1999所规定的排放要求。     

纤维素酶在废纸脱墨中的应用

采用纤维素酶对废书刊纸进行了脱墨探索,实验结果表明,酶法脱墨较佳的工艺条件为pH 5～6、浆料浓度5.5%、酶用量0.1%～0.15%、处理时间40min～50min、处理温度50℃～60℃。同时,酶法脱墨还能改善浆料的物理强度,提高其可漂白性。     

THE DEINKING OF NON-IMPACT PRINTED PAPER BY COMBINING ENZYME WITH MECHANICAL ACTION

We studied an enzymatic deinking process of non-impact printed paper which was carried out in batch equipment, similar to Valley beater. The equipment can provide suitable forces to cause toner separation from fiber rather than fiber damage. The factors that influenced the deinking efficiency included beating time, pressure between rotating bars and bottom bars, enzyme properties such as dosage,cellulase activity, temperature, pH, etc. Beating time and enzyme type and enzyme dosage was investigated in detail. The deinked pulp was brighter and cleaner. The drainage property also can be controlled by adjusting enzyme dosage and mechanical action strength. Combining enzyme with mechanical action provides the best deinking effects,not enzyme alone. In the meantime, mechanism of enzymatic deinking was discussed depending on the deinked pulp properties.     

膜分离技术在制浆造纸工业中的应用

综述了膜分离技术在制浆造纸工业中的应用。膜分离技术可以用于制浆废液的浓缩,制浆废液中主要成分的分离,漂白废水、脱墨废水、涂布废水、纸机白水的处理。在制浆造纸工业中充分利用膜分离技术对解决污染问题,降低运行成本具有重要的意义。     

废纸脱墨热分散系统垢物化学成分及成因分析

废纸脱墨产新闻纸系统中热分散的结垢会较大地影响设备生产效率、能耗和产品质量,为了对热分散系统的垢物进行有效控制,对热分散系统垢物进行采样,用热解气质联用色谱(Py-GC/MS)、红外光谱(IR)、离子色谱(IC)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法研究垢物的化学成分,并分析了有机垢、无机垢的形成原因。研究表明:脱墨线垢物以钙垢和硅垢等无机垢为主,其中SiO2质量分数为35.2%,CaSiO3质量分数为21.2%,CaCO3质量分数为11.2%;热分散盘齿有机胶黏垢来源于废纸原料,或由系统白水回用将施胶部胶黏物带入。加强废纸原料的筛选与洗涤是控制垢物生成的根本,此外,在不影响成纸质量的情况下尽量减少化学品的添加量。     

ENZYMATIC DEINKING OF OLD NEWSPRINT WITH CELLULASES AND XYLANASE

The enzymatic deinking and fiber modification of old newsprint (ONP) with several cellulases and xylanase were investigated and the suitable enzyme candidates were selected for ONP deinking in this paper. The results demonstrated that the cellulases and hemicellulases could significantly improve the deinking efficiency and fiber modification.Moreover, the synergistic effects of Novozym342 and xylanase (HC) can further enhance the deinking performance, reduce the dirt count and improve the brightness of resulting pulp. Additionally, compared to deinked pulps, obtained from conventional chemical materials, enzymatically deinked pulps had better bleachability, and the brightness of the bleached pulp reached 59.1% ISO, 9% ISO higher than the unbleached pulp.     

ENZYMATIC DEINKING OF NONIMPACT PRINTED WASTES

INTRODUCTIONNonimpact printed wastes include laser printed and xerographic papers. These wastes are increasing with the increasing utilization of computer printout and photocopiers. It is difficult for us to deink these wastes. The pigments in these inks are carbon black mixed with thermo-plastic resin binders,for example, styrene-acrylate copolymers that will crosslink at 100℃during fusing stage of the copying process①. These hard cross linked, stringly bound systems will only be fragm…     

REDUCING FIBER LOSS IN LABORATORY-AND MILL-SCALE FLOTATION DEINKING USING SURFACTANT SPRAY TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTIONDuring the past few years, the use of recycled fiber has increased dramatically due to the shortage of fiber resources and restrictive environmental regulations on paper landfills. Since the successful application of flotation in the paper recycling industry from the minerals industry in 1980s, flotation deinking has become a necessary process for ink removal from wastepaper in many paper recycling mills. The deinking chemistry and the physicochemical interactions among air bub…