谷氨酰胺在小麦花药培养中的作用之探讨

以Ｃ１７为基本培养基,研究分析了在诱导培养基中添加不同浓度的谷氨酰胺对小麦花药愈伤诱导的影响效应。三年来多个基因型的试验结果表明,诱导培养基中添加谷氨酰胺对小麦花药愈伤诱导没有促进效应,这可能是和添加的谷氨酰胺与培养基中的亮氨酸在进入三羧酸循环时产生竞争抑制有关。     

生长调节剂对万寿菊花药培养的影响

以B5为基本培养基,选用KT／NAA、KT／2,4-D、6-BA／NAA、6-BA／2,4-D4种生长调节剂组合;每种组合设20／3、25／3、50／3、80／3、50／1、80／16种比例,研究对万寿菊花药愈伤组织诱导和器官分化的影响。结果表明,KT／NAA=20／3的花药愈伤组织诱导率最高;KT／NAA：25／3、KT／NAA=20／3和6-BA／NAA=25／3最有利器官分化;2,4-D与6-BA、KT组合对器官分化无作用。     

Germination of embryo in soybean anther culture

A large number of experiments about induction of callus, embryo and germination of regeneration plants were done in soybean anther culture. Screening for genotypes, low_temperature pretreatment for floral buds, constituent of hormone in medium and effects of different temperatures on induction rate of callus and embryo were studied. It was found that the TDZ played an important role in embryo induction and germination. 28 genotypes had reaction competent to the anther culture in all 110 genotypes. Induction rate of callus was 26%-68.1%. Plant differentiation rate was 0.5%-2.0%.     

油茶花药离体培养影响因子研究

以攸县油茶花药为外植体,研究了不同花粉发育时期、低温预处理时间及添加物对愈伤组织诱导的影响,同时分析了不同激素种类和比例对愈伤组织继代增殖的影响。结果表明:花粉四分体时期为油茶花药愈伤组织诱导的最佳时期;花药的低温预处理时间应在10 d以内;培养基添加物以AgNO3效果最优,诱导率最高为8102 ％。继代增殖培养中6-BA与NAA配比有着较好的效果,其中最适增殖培养基配方为:MS+6-BA（200 mg／L)+NAA(005 mg／L)。     

小麦花培后代农艺性状的相关分析

运用数理统计方法,分析了 １９９５～１９９８ 年的小麦花药培养育种的试验数据,发现花培后代在株高、千粒重性状方面有显著的相关性,存在着较好的线性正相关关系。从上一代的株高或千粒重可以推测下一代的株高或千粒重,从而为花培育种进行后代选择提供了依据,提高了育种的选择效果。     

Chromosome engineering of pollen wheat

Chromosome engineering of pollen wheat is the new procedure combining anther culture and chromosome engineering techniques. It could transfer useful alien genes into wheat varieties, enhancing genetic diversity for investigation of genetics and breeding. In the present study, two new procedures, at genome level and single chromosome level, were established. Compared with the classical chromosome engineering, the chromosome engineering of pollen wheat has the following main characters: (i) diversity of products, (ii) rapid stability and (iii) high efficiency of selection. Experiments indicated that chromosome engineering of pollen wheat is an efficient way for creating alien translocation line, especially non-Robertsonian translocation line. Meanwhile, using this procedure combined with comprehensive identifying methods, the investigation of useful genes and molecular markers on rye chromosomes 1R and 6R respectively has been done. The roles and relationships between chromosome engineering of pollen wheat and gene engineering on crop improvement were discussed.     

水稻花培育种技术操作和无性系变异体选择

概述了水稻花培育种的技术操作程序和细胞无性系变异的选择方法。选择合适的水稻花培起始材料,选用适宜的培养基配方,对于水稻花培中愈伤组织诱导和分化至关重要。某些增效因子（例如水解乳蛋白、单核苷酸、ＡｇＮＯ３等）可提高灿稻花培的绿苗分化率。无性系变异为农作物细胞工程育种提供丰富的选择材料。通过对细胞变异的研究,建立了裸米选择－测米培胚的技术方法,并选育出多个高蛋白量的水稻优质品种（品系）。     

草莓花药组培脱毒苗技术研究

通过对红太后草莓新品种进行花药培养,筛选出花药培养过程中各阶段适宜的培养基,并成功对试管苗进行炼苗、移栽,获得红太后草莓品种脱毒苗。     

不同培养基对小麦花药出愈率的影响

在小麦花药培养过程中,观察分析C17、N6、K、MS 4种基本培养基对小麦花药愈伤组织的诱导和分化的影响,结果表明出愈率在4种培养基中表现为K＞C17 ＞N6 ＞MS.     

低温胁迫对小麦叶片电阻抗图谱参数的影响

用电阻抗图谱的方法研究了小麦叶片在低温胁迫下的变化．测定了在设计的7个温度水平,盆栽小麦叶片的电阻、电抗以及相对电导率的变化,拟合了叶片在不同温度的胞外电阻、胞内电阻、弛豫时间和弛豫时间分布系数．结果表明：随着温度降低,叶片的胞外电阻、弛豫时间、弛豫时间分布系数减小,胞内电阻增加．用胞外电阻表示的小麦叶片的抗寒性为-14．10℃,与用相对电导率表示的抗寒性（-14．43℃）结果极为接近．胞外电阻是冷冻处理后确定小麦叶片抗寒性最适合的参数．     

高含水期原油低温集输温度界限模型研究

随着油田进入高含水期,原油流动特性发生了较大变化,而传统的集输工艺流程能耗较高,为了降低集输能耗,急需对管道低温集输温度界限进行研究。因此,在华北油田测试区块建立了可视化试验装置,研究实际生产过程中高含水原油低温集输特性和温度界限。研究结果表明,随着集油管线温度的降低,存在3个压降变化的转折点,其中压降增加率突变点和压降峰值点所对应的特征温度可作为低温集输的温度界限,据此拟合得到了满足实际生产需求的黏壁温度回归模型。基于所得模型,针对不同工况下低温集输的温度界限进行了预测,并据此创建了低温集输可行性的图示判断工具。所得结果对高含水期油田实际生产中低温集输的可行性判断及其安全运行管理具有指导意义。     

"三系"杂种小麦单倍体加倍群体的构建及其应用分析

用花药培养法构建了1个由43个单株组成的"三系"杂种小麦单倍体加倍(DH)群体,其中21株是可育的,22株不育.对此群体在遗传育种、基因克隆、QTL分析等方面的利用价值进行了分析.     

Some traits of low temperature germplasm wheat under extremely unfavorable weather conditions

Through a long-term observation on the canopy temperature and some traits of wheat the temperature germplasm of wheat was found to result in the wheats having either a high or a low plant temperature. Under normal weather conditions, the wheat having a low temperature germplasm (LTG) demonstrated several advantageous physiologi-cal and agronomic traits than those having a high temperature germplasm (HTG). Under the extremely unfavorableweather conditions, such as rainy weather or severe drought, LTG wheat still could maintain its superiority to HTG wheat in physiological and agronomic traits including leaf functional duration, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde content, transpiration rate, net photosynthesis rate, root vitality and kernel plumpness. The wide adaptability of LTG wheat to awide range of meteoro-ecological conditions could provide a valuable germplasm in breeding of good strains with broad-spectrum stress resistance.     

抗晚疫病马铃薯的花药培养研究

对4个品种的抗晚疫病马铃薯进行了花药培养的研究。结果表明：不同培养基对同一品种花药的总诱导数和胚状体诱导数有显著影响;在相同培养基条件下,不同品种的总诱导数差异显著,胚状体诱导数差异不显著;总诱导率最高的诱导培养基是D：MS＋2,4-D2 mg/L＋BAP2 mg/L＋活性炭2 g/L＋马铃薯块茎提取液200 g/L;适合S17、T3、KW47诱导胚状体的培养基是B：MS＋NAA2 mg/L＋BAP2 mg/L＋活性炭2 g/L＋马铃薯块茎提取液200 g/L。     

Low temperature wheat germplasm and its leaf photosynthetic traits and structure characteristics

Low temperature germplasm with constant low plant temperature was found in the nature through a long-time observation on wheat canopy temperature and traits; correspondingly, high temperature germplasm with constant high plant temperature also exists. Compared with the high temperature germplasm, the chlorophyll content and the net photosynthetic rate of the three functional leaves on the top of the low temperature wheat germplasm are higher and the structure tends to be more complicated, which is characterized by smaller mesophyll cells and more closely arranged cell layers, more and denser chloroplasts with thick stroma, more granas and well developed grana lamellae, a larger vascular bundle area with smaller interspace. All these characteristics embody the consistency of structure and function and provide the theoretical bases for looking for and cultivating the new low temperature materials in agricultural practice.     

镉胁迫对小麦不同生育期活性氧代谢的影响

以不同Cd2+浓度对土培小麦进行处理,分别在拔节、抽穗、灌浆初期以及灌浆中期,分析不同浓度Cd2+胁迫下活性氧及酶促和非酶促抗氧化系统的变化.结果表明,随着小麦生育进程的变化,Cd2+胁迫使O2·－、H2O2和MDA含量增加,且生育前期的增长量明显大于后期;各生育时期的抗氧化酶和抗氧化物也出现不均衡变化：抽穗—拔节期间,SOD活性升高,CAT保持稳定,酶促抗氧化系统对活性氧的清除作用显著;灌浆期后,SOD、CAT活性均比对照有所下降,而抗坏血酸谷胱甘肽氧化还原途径中的APX、GR活性以及AsA、GS     

氮气的高温热力学性质研究

考虑氮分子振动与转动的相互作用和振动的非谐性,采用振动转子和非谐振子模型近似,结合氮分子精确的光谱常数,建立了准确的配分函数表达式及相关的热力学函数式.在100～6000 K范围内,首次系统研究了氮分子的平动、振动和转动分别对摩尔内能、相对摩尔焓、等压摩尔热容、标准摩尔熵及标准摩尔吉布斯自由能的贡献.结果与实验和理论符合很好,表明在100～6000 K范围内计算的氮气的各热力学参数是准确可信的,同时也提供了一种准确计算热力学参数的方法.     

高温状态下石灰岩力学性能实验研究

为了研究高温状态下石灰岩力学性能,采用液压伺服刚性岩石力学实验系统对常温～800℃高温作用下石灰岩的力学性能进行了实验研究,分析了石灰岩应力应变曲线、峰值应力、峰值应变、弹性模量等的变化情况。研究结果表明:在600℃以内的高温下,温度对石灰岩的力学特性的影响不明显。但在600℃以后,随受热温度升高石灰岩力学性能迅速劣化,峰值应力和弹性模量急剧降低,而峰值应变迅速增长。800℃时已形成缓和的应力-应变全过程曲线,表现出软化现象。     

耐热钢高温抗冲蚀磨损性能试验

通过自行设计的气流喷砂式高温冲蚀磨损试验机对304和310s耐热钢进行了高温冲蚀磨损试验。对比了2种材料的抗冲蚀性能及其磨损机制。比较分析了温度、冲蚀角度和试样表面氧化膜等因素对冲蚀磨损率的影响规律。结果表明:310s钢的耐冲蚀磨损性能优于304钢,试样表面氧化膜在400℃时抑制了磨粒对试样表面的冲蚀,磨粒对试样表面的微切削是2种材料冲蚀磨损质量损失的主要机制。