双向振动下土的动强度

利用可施加垂直动应力和水平动扭剪力的动三轴扭剪仪，对两种砂土系统进行了变相位、变幅值的双向振动试验。试验研究表明，双向振动与水平单向振动相比较，动强度有明显的降低，降低幅度与双向振动应力的相位差和振幅有关。在常见的等效震次Ｎｆ＝１０～３０范围内，相位差９０°时，动强度降低约１５％；相位相同时，动强度降低在３０％以上。文中建议在考虑双向地震作用时，土的动强度可取常规单向振动试验所得动强度的０．８５～０．８倍。     

圆端形钢管内约束混凝土轴压短柱的力学性能

为改善圆端形钢管混凝土(CFRT)柱的力学性能,采取在钢管内部焊接拉筋的方式来提高对核心混凝土的约束效果,并采用ABAQUS对4种不同约束方式的圆端形钢管内约束混凝土(SCFRT)轴压短柱进行三维实体有限元分析,发现双向均匀对拉箍筋为最佳约束方式.最后,对2根圆端形钢管混凝土轴压短柱及2根双向均匀对拉约束方式的圆端形拉筋约束混凝土轴压短柱进行了试验研究,结果显示试验结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好,验证了双向均匀对拉约束方式的合理性.     

空心圆柱扭剪仪的改进及应用

英国GDS公司的中型空心圆柱扭剪仪动力加载功能强,测试精度高,但其研究对象仅限于砂土和黏性土。为开展砂砾土动力特性试验,对扭剪仪进行改进:用实心不锈钢板置换扭剪仪底座中铜芯透水石,得到实心底座,适合扭剪仪试验的土样中最大颗粒粒径由2 mm增大至10 mm。对改进后扭剪仪开展了性能验证试验,结果表明:改进后的实心底座与工作室底座接触较好,在应力控制和应变控制条件下,输出波形完整,幅值稳定,孔压计、轴向位移计等传感器都发挥其功能且测试结果正常,可完成砂砾土动力特性试验。     

高精度大量程扭角测量仪的研制

研制的机械一数字式扭角测量仪具有较高的扭转角测量精度，同时具有大范围的扭转角量程。可以实现金属材料切变模量和抗剪强度等力学性能的一次性测定。通过在NJ—IOOB型扭转试验机上配置应变式扭矩传感器、机械-数字式扭角测量仪实现的试验数据微机记录、实时显示、性能分析等功能，验证了所研制的机械一数字式扭角测量仪的性能，有很好的推广应用价值。     

复杂应力状态下砌体匀质化RVE数值模拟分析

针对无筋砌体力学性能研究,基于匀质化理论,利用二次开发的有限元分析软件,考虑砌体RVE各边的应变状态,建立周期性边界条件,对砌体RVE匀质化过程中RVE单轴、双轴、三轴以及剪压复杂应力条件下的力学响应进行了数值模拟分析,得到了各状态下的应力应变曲线.分析结果表明,在受压状态下,砌体RVE受压应力应变曲线表现出一定塑性,并且双轴、三轴受压状态下RVE强度高于单轴受压;拉-压状态下,砌体RVE受拉应力应变曲线表现出材料脆性特性;拉-压-剪状态下,砌体RVE强度受剪压比、拉剪比影响,这些都很好地反映了无筋砌体的细观力学特性.     

实心圆轴拉扭组合全寿命实验中应力按比例加载的控制方法

针对实心圆轴拉、扭组合实验全寿命过程中拉(σ)、扭(τ)应力按固定比例加载的难题,基于拉扭试验机控制的核心问题,从弹性应力比C(σ/τ)的概念出发,推导出载荷比F/T(轴力/扭矩)控制参数,同时考虑全寿命中的拉扭真应力关系,给出载荷程序控制路线,应用PID方式实现试验机控制。以304不锈钢及16MnR碳钢为研究对象,进行了24组不同C的拉扭实验。在此基础上,以塑性过程中的真应力比槇C(σ/τ)为依据,提出了比例修正系数C'的概念,解决了试验机在全过程的控制问题。结果表明:以C为基础的控制模式可对弹性阶段精确控制;材料进入塑性后,C的差异与材料无关,仅与控制方法有关;将提出的C引入控制程序后,可有效提高全寿命过程中应力按比例加载的准确性。     

应力和应变控制下饱和砂土循环扭剪试验分析

针对某些动荷加载为应变控制的工程问题,如大型工业振动机械的工作平台基础,为研究其动力学性质,利用空心圆柱扭剪仪,分别采用应力和应变控制两种加荷方式,对处于复杂初始应力状态,即不同中主应力系数下的饱和福建标准砂进行小应变循环扭剪试验研究。结果表明,不同加荷方式对土的骨干曲线和剪切模量没有影响;同剪应变幅值时,应变控制下土的阻尼比较应力控制略大;两种控制方式下,试样振动过程中的轴向变形均随着中主应力系数的增大而减小。可见,加荷方式对土的动力特性影响甚微,针对动应变控制的工程问题,在设备有限时可采用应力控制试验模拟代替。     

预应力高强混凝土管桩桩身抗剪承载力试验

在无轴压和轴压1 300 kN作用下对PHC-AB400(80)型管桩进行桩身抗剪承载力足尺构件试验.详细介绍加载装置和试验方法,得到该桩型在无轴压受剪和轴压受剪状态下的开裂荷载和极限荷载.基于管桩在无轴压受剪和轴压受剪状态下裂缝发展的观察以及对支座与加载点间剪跨段混凝土主拉应力与主拉应力角的分析,研究该桩型的破坏过程.比较由《预应力混凝土管桩图集》中的公式计算得到的数值和试验值可知,公式值约为试验值的58%.因此,建议管桩抗剪承载力的计算公式中考虑箍筋的抗剪作用.     

饱和粘土地基抗剪强度试验方法的比较

本就饱和粘土抗剪强度的三种试验方法进行了对比，得出了在一定条件下可用直剪仪代替三轴仪进行剪切试验的结论。     

循环预剪作用对饱和粉土抗液化强度和孔压发展的影响

利用DDS-70微机控制电磁式振动三轴仪,在均等固结条件下,对黄河口饱和粉土进行了不同预剪应力和预剪振次的循环三轴试验,探讨了循环预剪作用对饱和粉土的抗液化强度和孔隙水压力发展规律的影响.试验结果表明:低水平的循环预剪应力不会使饱和粉土在循环预剪阶段破坏;随着循环预剪应力和循环预剪振次的增加,饱和粉土的抗液化强度得到提高,但当循环预剪振次达到某一值时,抗液化强度趋于稳定.对振动孔隙水压力比-振次比进行归一化后发现:无循环预剪作用时饱和粉土孔压发展模式为双曲线,有循环预剪作用时为反正弦曲线,反正弦曲线拟合参数较小,约为0.2～0.4.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the