地表水源热泵系统冷热源利用的节能评价

分析了地表水源热泵系统的冷却水温度、流量和扬程等因素对水源热泵系统能效比的影响.以空调冷负荷和冷冻水参数作为控制目标,提出了包含水源热泵机组能耗的冷却水系统能效比分析模型.利用该模型分析了地表水直接进入热泵机组的地表水源热泵系统和以板式换热器间接换热的地表水源热泵系统的运行能效.结果显示,冷却水温度变化对能效比的影响大于冷却水系统静扬程变化对能效比的影响.部分负荷工况下冷却水温度为23~24℃时系统能效比达到最大值.     

水源热泵调峰技术在地热供暖系统中的应用——锅炉调峰供暖系统改造

结合滨海石油新村供暖改造工程实例，详细讲述了如何将“地热一锅炉调峰”系统改造为“地热-水源热泵调峰”系统，从而提高地热利用率，降低尾水排放温度，增加企业经济效益，减少污染物排放。     

华清润苑住宅小区热源方案比选

介绍了华清润苑住宅小区燃煤锅炉供暖、水源热泵系统供暖的方案,分析了两方案在寿命期内经济效益、节能环境效益;得出了水源热泵系统是一种值得推崇的采暖空调方式的结论。     

水源热泵在空调系统中的设计与应用

从水源热泵的概念和工作原理出发,介绍了水源热泵空调系统的特点,分析了水源热泵中央空调机组的运行工况,给出了制冷、制热性能曲线．通过水源热泵应用实例分析,可以看出水源热泵的优越性．并探讨了水源热泵应用中存在的问题．从分析中可以知道水源热泵效率高,应用范围广泛,适合于大、中型集中空调之用．     

低温地热运用热泵供暖的技术经济分析

探讨４５～６０℃低温地热运用热泵供暖的技术经济性，着重结合我国国情分析地热热泵供暖的经济性、节能效果和环保效益．     

基于PLC和GP的水源热泵中央空调系统的研究与应用

水源热泵技术是利用地球表面浅层水源如地下水、河流和湖泊中吸收的太阳能和地热能而形成的低温低位热能资源，并采用热泵原理，通过少量的高位电能输入，实现低位热能向高位热能转移的一种技术。本系统应用GP和PLC技术对水源热泵机组系统进行运行监控，包括井水泵、循环泵和压缩机的启停控制，压缩机的加卸载控制以及各温度的实时监控、显示和各种故障情况的报警及连锁保护控制等，给出了系统硬件结构和软件设计。实验结果表明，PLC和GP技术可以保证水源热泵空调机组正常可靠运行。     

水源热泵空调系统控制技术

介绍了水源热泵空调系统的组成,讨论了分布式控制、集中控制、现场总线控制技术的特点及应用,论述了将变频技术、PID控制和模糊控制等控制方法应用到水源热泵空调系统中的优越性,分析比较了典型控制方法的特点,并对水源热泵空调控制技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

梯级利用地下水储能的地源热泵空调系统分析

为了探究梯级利用地下水储能的地源热泵空调系统能量利用率,基于■分析理论建立了系统热力学数学模型,分析了蒸发温度和冷凝温度对新型地下水源热泵空调系统及其系统部件■效率和■损失的影响。研究结果表明:新型地下水源热泵空调系统比传统地下水源热泵空调系统节能效果更加显著,前者总■效率比后者总■效率提高了38.99%,且前者■损失比后者■损失降低了36.38%。当蒸发温度增加10℃时,新型系统■效率提高14.80%,■损失降低18.88%;当冷凝温度降低10℃时,新型系统■效率提高15.16%,■损失降低19.73%。所有部件中空气加热器的■损失最大,是需要进行改进和优化设计的重要部件。     

深井水源热泵技术经济分析

为了研究深井水源热泵空调系统在我国北方地区的应用可行性和正确性，采用实验的方法，实测了深井水源热泵空调系统的年运行费用和全年能耗，并据此分析其初投资和运行费用、能源效率以及环境效益．最后，应用费用年值法，比较分析了数种供暖空调方案的费用年值，得到了不同情况下冷热源方案的最佳选择．在当地政府对地下水不收费用的情况下，深井水源热泵系统仅次于热网（热电联产）＋冷水机组方案，优于热网（燃煤锅炉）＋冷水机组系统．     

不结霜燃气机热泵的建模与性能分析

不结霜燃气机热泵将发动机废热收集起来,一部分引入空调房间直接供暖,一部分引向室外蒸发器参与换热。建立了不结霜燃气机热泵的数学模型,通过系统模型的求解分析了不结霜燃气机热泵的性能结果表明：不结霜热泵的性能受室外温度湿度的影响明显小于常规热泵,能量利用率高,性能系数最大可达到5.00,系统的最高一次能源利用率为1.97;废热热水不但能够直接向房间辅助供暖,还能提高系统的蒸发温度,防止系统的蒸发器结霜,提高系统的性能系数和一次能源利用率;不结霜燃气机热泵系统具有较高的能源利用效率和较好的节能环保效果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-