常见错用计量单位符号例表

单位名称错误或不恰当的符号正确的符号米千米厘米千克吨克牛〔顿〕巴牛〔顿〕每平方米千瓦平方米毫开立方米升秒分〔小〕时赫〔兹〕米每秒康〔尔〕开(尔文〕摄氏度M,公尺KM,Km,knlsCM,公分KG,Kg准gm,比:T,公吨,米制吨G,gm,gr,公分,,t,牛顿b牛顿/米2KW,死MZ,平米CC,C一C-cum,立米公升,立升交c,(,)nl,(,)hr周,周/秒,赫兹,,、/,ee,秒米vol,Tom,克分子,克当量.K,开氏度,度,绝对度 e,度,(.)m,米km,千米,公里cm,厘米kg,千克,公斤t,吨g,克N,牛bar,巴N/m,,牛/米2kw,千瓦mZ,平方米mL,奄升耐,立方米L,升:,秒:ni:,,分h,时Hz,赫m/:,米/秒,:,…     

多功能逐步回归程序

条l程序(用BCY语言编写)始过程NUCLE(M,N,XY,Fl,FZ,L,B,Tl,RYM,F,SY,E612五63,E64,FAIL); 值M,万,F一,FZ,E612,E63,E64: 简变L,RYM,F,SY,FAIL, 场xy,B,T八 始简变K,K12,F12,Y,D,S,MAX, H,RYY,NN,AAA, 场R〔1,M+1,1,M+l〕,XBA,SGM,月BC, 左I丫〔1,M+1〕, 过程MA, 始若R〔K,K〕<小一5则始(一l)今FAIL, 661303030303030(8)今AAA, 传码J犷,月A月,咨J犷(2,K), 转L15终否则, 尸〔尤,K〕半D;1净R〔K,K〕,’ 对子了‘1步长1次数Y执行 R〔K,月/刀令R〔K,了〕, 对于i=l步长1次数Y执行 若i=K则否则始R〔i…     

Thoughts on the Development of High-pressure Hydrocracking Technology in China

1Introduction　Hydrocracking ,oneofthemainapproachestodeeppro cessingofheavyoils,isacatalyticconversionprocessinwhichfeedstockundergoeshydrogenation ,S Nremoval,mo lecularrestructuring ,crackingandotherreactions .Itcanprocessstraightrungasoline diesel,VGOandothersecon daryprocessingfractionssuchasFCCdiesel,FCCclarifiedoil,Cokerdiesel,CGO ,DAOandetc.,andproducevari ousqualitycleanfuelssuchasliquefiedgas,gasoline ,kero sene ,jetfuel,diesel,andvariousqualitypetrochemicalma terialsuchasligh…     

圈养大熊猫血清中无机元素的研究

用AAS,AFS,ICP仪器测定了33只圈养大熊猫(雌性21只,雄性12只)血清中Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Ca,Se,Pb,Cd,Cr,Co,Na,K,Mg,P,Hg,As等共16种无机元素的含量.结果表明:Cu,Zn,Se,Pb,Cd,Hg等6种元素含量随着年龄的增长有所增高,Fe,Ca,Na,K,P等5种元素含量随着年龄的增长而有所减少.大熊猫血清中无机元素含量的变化范围较宽,可能与大熊猫年龄、性别、健康、食物结构有关.在雄性大熊猫中Cu,Se,Pb,Cd等元素含量随着年龄的增长有所增加,而Fe,Ca,Na,Mg,P等元素含量随着年龄的增长有所减少.在雌性大熊猫中Cu,Zn,Cd,Hg等元素含量随着年龄的增长有所增加,而Fe,Ca,K,P等元素含量随着年龄的增长有所减少.Cu,Zn,Ca,Se,Pb,Na,Mg,P等元素的含量雌性高于雄性;Mn,Cd,Cr,Co,Hg,As,K等无机元素的含量雌性低于雄性.Cu,Zn,Se,Pb,Cd,Hg等元素亦随着年龄的增长而增高,有一定的积累性.应尽量减少大熊猫对Pb,Cd,As,Hg等一些有害元素的摄入量.Fe,Ca,Na,K,P等亦随着年龄的增长而减少;在大熊猫饲料中应适量增加一些必需元素和有益元素.     

International Conference''''89 on Expert Systems in Engineering Applications

This conference is devoted to expert systems and its applications in different engineering fields. Expert Systems Theory -Knowledge base, -Reasoning, -Uncertainty, -Knowledge representation, -Knowledge acquisition, -Development tools, -Building expert systems, -Machine learning, -User interface. Applications -Design, -Diagnostics, -Control, -Planning, -Management, -Maintenance, -Process monitoring, -Signal processing, -System identification, -Pattern recognition, -Manufacturing, -Forecasting, - Evaluation, -Training, -Robotics, -Machine intelligence, -Computer vision.     

论李时珍本草纲目的植物种类及其学名之厘订——为庆祝建国十五周年大典而作

前言李时珍(1518——1593)是本省蕲春县人,在1552——1578年之间写成本草纲目一巨著。这一部巨著,是将我国历代传下来的药物记载,有乖谬错误的地方,含混不清之所在,以实物一一考核校对,详为释误更正;并将各药物分门别类,同类的合并,相异的划分,重复的删去,应增的收入。旧本药物有1518种,所增收入374种,共1892种,收录经验良方11,096条;附有植物图754幅,动物图251幅,金石图87幅。全书52卷,分为水,火,土,金石,草,毂,菜,果,木,服器,虫,鳞,介,禽,兽,人体附着物等十六部为纲,部分六十类为目。如草部分为山草,芳草,湿草,毒草,蔓草,水草,石草,苔类,杂草等九类。其体例:首为正名;下首为释名,集各家的名称,释其所由来;次以集解,说明其形态,产地,采收方法;次以正误,辨其疑,正其谬误;次以修治,     

兰州市街道尘埃元素质量分数季节变化特征

对不同季节采集的兰州市街道尘埃样品,用X射线荧光法分析了其中41种元素的质量分数,并用富集因子法对数据进行分析.结果表明:兰州市街道尘埃样品主要含有Si,Al,Ca,Fe,Na,Mg,K,S,Ti,Cl,P,Mn,Ba及少量zn,Sr,Zr,Ce;基于对3个不同季节元素质量分数的对比,所测元素质量分数季节变化可分为4种类型:春高型、秋高型、冬高型和平均型.富集因子的计算结果显示Rb,V,Cu,Cr,Pb,La,Ni,Nd,As,Y,Sc,Ga,Co,Nb,Th等元素主要来源于土壤的贡献;Al,La,Ce,S,As等元素在采暖期质量分数显著增高,主要来源于燃煤;Ba,Pb,Cl源于汽车尾气;Zn源于工业污染.     

徐州市表层土壤中金属、S、Br等元素与磁学参数的多元统计解析

系统采集了徐州表层土壤样品21件,测定了土壤中Al,Fe,Ti,Ag,Se,Sc,Ga,Ba,Li,Bi,V,Pb,Cu,Zn,Cd,Ni,Co,Cr,As,Hg,Sb,Mn,Mo,Be,Sn,Br,S,Pt,Au,Pd等元素含量,以及χ,χfd,χARM,SIRM,SOFT5个磁学参数的数值。利用多元统计的方法对30种元素和5个磁学参数进行了因子分析、聚类分析和典范相关分析。结果表明,磁学参数χ,χARM,SIRM,SOFT所表征的磁性矿物与表层土壤中Ag,Se,Sc,Pb,Cu,Zn,Mo,Pt等元素具有内在联系,这些磁学参数有可能作为这些元素的代用指标;χfd所表征的磁性矿物与来自土壤母质的元素Al,Ti,Ga,Li,V,Mn,Be,Au等显著相关,而Bi,Co,Cr,As,Hg,Sb,Pd等则与土壤中的磁性矿物没有联系。典范相关分析表明,表层土壤中磁性矿物主要来自交通运输和煤炭燃烧。     

Longing for Love and Freedom──A Study on Emily Bronte

EmilyBronte,whodiedoftuberculosisin1848attheageofthirty,wasadaughterofapoorclergymaninthelittlevillageofHaworth,Yorkshire,innorthEngland.Whenshewasthree,hermotherdiedandleftsixchildrentothecareoftheiraunt,awomanwhowasafraidofcatchingcoldandwhothereforekepttoherownroommuchofthetime.Mr.Brontetookhismealsinhisownroom,andthechildren,generallylefttotheirowndevices,formedamongthemselvesaclosecompanionship.Later,allthegirlsexceptAnne,theyoungest,weresenttocharityschool,averitableprisonwherethechild…     

鞭辟入里气势磅礴－－孟子艺术个性述评

孟子以能言好辨著称,对待论敌,他能善设机巧,欲擒故纵,步步紧逼,针锋相对,以子之矛,攻子之盾,表现出很高的论辨技巧,他善用排比,对偶,比喻等手法,他的散文感情充沛,气势磅礴,犀利明快,鞭辟入里,形成独特的艺术风格。     

辽宁省北二十家子镇第四纪肿骨鹿化石的研究

初步对辽宁省建平县北二十家子镇附近出土的第四纪哺乳动物化石进行分析,结果为形成于新生代中更新世的温暖潮湿的草原生态系统的肿骨鹿鹿角化石.鹿角化石硅化较强,通过区域地层与化石对比,研究区内的鹿角化石时代形成于中更新统早期.鹿角化石埋藏于黄土地层中,黄土为干燥寒冷的草原环境产物,分析得出研究区出现过温暖潮湿的气候环境,此后长期以干燥寒冷的气候环境为主,进而推测哺乳动物受气候影响变化较大,乃至灭绝.     

李四光对(竹蜓)化石的研究

本世纪20到40年代,我国地质学家李四光对(竹蜓)化石进行了深入系统的研究,发表了一系列论文和专著,提出了(竹蜓)科分类的十大准则,对(竹蜓)的研究做出了卓越的贡献,受到中外地质学家高度评价和赞赏。     

陕西洛南中晚更新世根田鼠化石

目的研究陕西洛南张坪洞穴群中发现的根田鼠化石M icccrotus oeconomus。方法运用经典古生物学方法,包括化石解剖、系统描述、形态对比、统计归纳。结果M3舌侧3褶沟4褶角;m1有4个封闭的三角,第5个与前帽贯通,后环位于齿列纵轴上;m3唇侧3褶角;M3和m1的长度、宽度从第6层洞到第1层洞逐渐变大,第6齿峡(Is6)的宽度变小。结论化石的主要特征可与周口店第1地点的M.epiratticeps相对比,主要测量值在现生种的变异范围之内,确定为中更新世以来不同时段的根田鼠化石,其颊齿趋于增大,第6齿峡趋于变窄。     

Virtual three dimensions reconstruction and isoline analysis of human marks on the surface of animal fossils

Animal fossils in archaeological sites are closely related to human activities. The environment and human activities, such as hunting-selection, cook process, traditional culture and habits can be partly inferred from the variety of fauna, fragmentation of the bones, and the human marks on bones’ sur-faces. So far, researches about marks on fossils are few in China, and are mainly observed directly by eyes. Light Microscopes and Scanning Electron Microscopes are also applied to the observation abroad. These...     

恐龙骨骼化石保护材料研究

自贡恐龙化石埋藏丰富、分布广泛、保存完整,具有非常重要的科学价值.为更好保护已出土恐龙化石,本文以甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯为主要原料,采用核壳聚合制备聚合物乳液,与纳米SiO2共混后应用于恐龙化石保护.结果表明:乳液分散均匀、涂层热稳定性高、涂膜附着力好(一级);经乳液涂覆的恐龙化石具有优良耐紫外线、耐酸碱性和耐水性;同时,涂膜透明性好,不影响恐龙化石外观;纳米复合乳液有望在化石保护中广泛应用.     

中国的三叠纪海生爬行动物化石及其层位

对中国三叠纪海生爬行动物化石及其产出层位、产地进行了较为系统的分析研究和总结,划分出4个相关的海生爬行动物群:早三叠世南漳海生爬行动物群、中三叠世兴义海生爬行动物群、晚三叠世关岭海生爬行动物群、晚三叠世定日海生爬行动物群.进一步的研究表明,中国三叠纪海生爬行动物化石数量比较丰富,种类多样;特别是贵州关岭地区三叠纪海生化石数量多、保存完整,基本上为原地埋藏,实属国内外同期地层之罕见.中国三叠纪海生爬行动物化石地史分布从早三叠世奥伦尼克期到晚三叠世诺利期都有分布;地理分布主要分布于古东特提斯海域,具有明显的区域性.     

热河生物群--探索中生代生命演化的世界级化石宝库

最近十多年来,我国在热河生物群各门类生物研究方面取得了一系列重要的发现和成果。我国辽西地区已经成为世界上研究鸟类起源,恐龙的进化,鸟类、哺乳动物以及被子植物的早期演化和辐射等最重要的地区之一。同位素测年技术的广泛应用,表明热河生物群属于早白垩世,在地球上延续了大约2千万年。热河生物群的繁盛和东亚地区当时特有的温暖的淡水和陆地环境具有密切的联系。而频繁的火山活动又是化石得以大量完美保存的重要因素之一。热河生物群的研究还具有很大的潜力,而对化石的科学发掘和保护的任务还十分艰巨。     

On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota

Protopteryx, a monotypic fossil bird discovered from the Sichakou basin in Fengning, Hebei, is the most primitive enantiornithine currently known. The bird-bearing strata do not contain the index fossils of the Yixian Formation in western Liaoning; the fish and bird fossils have more primitive features than the related forms found in the Yixian Formation, and the conchostracans are those usually distributed in the Dabeigou and Dadianzi formations in northern Hebei. Besides, the Protopteryx-bearing strata underlie the deposits bearing the index fossils of the Yixian Formation in the neighboring basin. Thus, it could be confirmed that the horizon of Protopteryx should be lower than the Yixian Formation, and is approximately equivalent to the Dadianzi Formation in northern Hebei. This is the lowest horizon of the known fossil birds in China and Mesozoic enantiornithine birds in the world. Accompanying Protop- teryx, there are other birds, acipenseriform fishes, salamanders, and mammals, which compose the Peipiaosteus fengningensis-Protopteryx fengningensis assemblage. This new assemblage traces the vertebrate evolution history of the Jehol Biota back to 130.7 Ma before. It is suggested that the de- marcation of the Jehol Biota should be based on the large-scale tectonic-sedimentary cycles, and Peipiaosteus, instead of Lycoptera, could be taken as the vertebrate representative of the Jehol Biota.     

甘肃临夏盆地中新世地层及哺乳动物化石

甘肃临夏地区中新世哺乳动物化石引起学术界的重视。经过考察、发掘,哪现了大量的化石标本。由于发表的文章多为单篇,较分散,笔者收集整理,对材料进行了研究,认为甘肃临夏地区在近直余年来是全国发现中新世材料最多的地区,且有极高的研究价值,填补了我国中新世哺乳动物化石中的部分空白。     

Vermicular fossils in the Early Cambrian Xidashan Formation in the Quruqtagh region of Xinjiang, China

Large amounts of vermicular fossils and a minor amount of sponge animal fossils have been found in the Early Cambrian Xidashan Formation in the region of Quruqtagh, Xinjiang. Vermicular fossils are generally more than 50 mm long and 0.3?1.4 mm wide; their wrinkled lamellae are microfine with 3?10 pieces within the length of every each millimeter. The fossils are considered to be Sabellidites cambriensis Sokolov (1965). The Xidashan Formation is the highest stratum in which Sabellidites occur, as has been so far reported.