徽州“三雕”艺术的文化解读

徽州＂三雕＂是作为徽州建筑文化群中一个基本元素,以其悠久深远的历史溯源、崇儒尚＂理＂的思想内容、精巧多变的艺术特点、质朴淡雅的生活空间以及吉祥和谐的文化内涵,向人们显示着这一古老民间艺术丰富的文化意蕴和无限魅力。     

《亡灵书》的文化学阐释

古埃及的《亡灵书》是一部哲理意味较浓的宗教经典作品和文学经典作品,是人类童年时代的文明结晶。这部作品不仅反映了古埃及人对生与死的哲学思考,也反映了古埃及人的宗教、民风民俗、历史、地理、文化等等,形成了一部史诗性的作品。它采用诗歌的方式,加深了作品的美感效应。通过阐释,可以更进一步了解古埃及的文化,进一步挖掘其文化价值和精神价值。     

用铁屑烟气脱硝过程中生成沉淀物制铁红颜料

用X-射线衍射分析了用铁屑进行烟气脱硝过程中形成铁沉淀物的结构和组成,重点研究了采用过程中生成的铁沉淀物制备氧化铁红颜料的工艺．研究结果表明,过程中所得的铁沉淀物经风干后外观为桔黄色,化学成分与铁黄相同;用该沉淀物制备铁红颜料的最佳条件为煅烧温度600～700℃,煅烧时间50min,水悬浮液pH值为7,在此条件下,可生产出符合国家一级品标准的氧化铁红颜料．     

几种天然花色苷色素稳定性的比较与分析

比较了几种天然花色苷色素的稳定性 ,用纸层析法分离了这几种色素 ,得出了每种色素所含主要花色苷数量。讨论了花色苷种类多少对色素稳定性的影响。实验研究表明 ,色素所含花色苷种类越多 ,色素稳定性越高     

新型无机颜料的研制与应用

YP为黄色的新型无机顏料,它是以天然的白云石—凹凸棒矿为主要原料,经过化学处理而制成,其近似化学式为[mCaMg(CO_3)_2·n SiO_2]xNa_2 Sy。GP为绿色的新型无机颜料,是在YP黄色颜料的基础上进一步加工制得。新型无机颜料具有无毒、色泽鲜艳、较好的耐热性、耐侯性和优良的化学稳定性,工艺简单,能耗少,三度能达标,原料成本低廉和易于投产等优点。YP、GP系列新型无机颜料在塑料、造低、橡胶、建筑涂料和美术颜料等方面试用已收到很好的应用效果,在部分领域可代替铅铬黄和铬绿使用,预期今后推广使用将有较大的经济效益和社会效益。     

颜料的表面改性对UV固化材料性能的影响

不同的颜料有着不同的吸收 UV(紫外光 )特性 ,从而影响到含有颜料涂层的固化性能 ,直接后果就是降低固化速率。研究表明 :针对不同的颜料 ,筛选不同的改性剂 ,改变颜料对UV的吸收特性 ,是可行的 ,可以提高含颜料的 UV固化材料的固化速率。不同的颜料对改性剂的种类和用量要求有所不同 ,颜料的改性效果取决于各种影响因素的共同作用结果     

朱砂和石黄矿物颜料光谱混合模型研究

高光谱技术是一种新型的无损观测手段,已开始被用于中国古画颜料的鉴别与分析,但古画中混合颜料的定量分析仍然是一个难题。针对中国古画中较常见的矿物颜料混合现象,以朱砂、石黄两种典型的矿物颜料为例,精确配比并严格控制实验条件获取混合矿物颜料样本及其光谱,对实验数据分别进行全波段光谱解混和单波段光谱解混,探讨线性光谱混合模型对于朱砂和石黄矿物颜料混合样本光谱的适用性。实验结果表明,朱砂、石黄两种矿物颜料的光谱混合从总体上来说并不符合线性混合,但是在局部波段具有较强线性特征,利用这些波段采用比值导数光谱解混算法可以取得较高的定量分析精度。     

Polymorphism in red photopigment underlies variation in colour matching.

Genetic variation of human senses within the normal range probably exists but usually cannot be investigated in detail for lack of appropriate methods. The study of subtle perceptual differences in red-green colour vision is feasible since both photopigment genotypes and psychophysical phenotypes can be assessed by sophisticated techniques. Red-green colour vision in humans is mediated by two different visual pigments: red (long-wavelength sensitive) and green (middle-wavelength sensitive). The apoproteins of these highly homologous photopigments are encoded by genes on the X chromosome. Colour matches of males with normal colour vision fall into two main groups that appear to be transmitted by X-linked inheritance. This difference in colour matching is likely to reflect small variations in the absorption maxima of visual pigments, suggesting the presence of two common variants of the red and/or green visual pigments that differ in spectral positioning. We report that a common single amino-acid polymorphism (62% Ser, 38% Ala) at residue 180 of the X-linked red visual pigment explains the finding of two major groups in the distribution of colour matching among males with normal colour vision.     

论小城镇建设中粪便的生态利用

针对城镇化进程中如何处理好人、畜、禽粪这个生态难题,从粪便造成社会公害和在生态农业中的重要地位等两方面进行了论述,并提出了小城镇粪便用于生产再生饲料、腐殖质、沼气等生态利用的途径。     

Pleistocene to Holocene extinction dynamics in giant deer and woolly mammoth

The extinction of the many well-known large mammals (megafauna) of the Late Pleistocene epoch has usually been attributed to 'overkill' by human hunters, climatic/vegetational changes or to a combination of both. An accurate knowledge of the geography and chronology of these extinctions is crucial for testing these hypotheses. Previous assumptions that the megafauna of northern Eurasia had disappeared by the Pleistocene/Holocene transition were first challenged a decade ago by the discovery that the latest woolly mammoths on Wrangel Island, northeastern Siberia, were contemporaneous with ancient Egyptian civilization. Here we show that another spectacular megafaunal species, the giant deer or 'Irish elk', survived to around 6,900 radiocarbon yr bp (about 7,700 yr ago) in western Siberia-more than three millennia later than its previously accepted terminal date-and therefore, that the reasons for its ultimate demise are to be sought in Holocene not Pleistocene events. Before their extinction, both giant deer and woolly mammoth underwent dramatic shifts in distribution, driven largely by climatic/vegetational changes. Their differing responses reflect major differences in ecology.     

基于HPLC的化学分类法对一些有害浮游植物的分类分析

采用基于HPLC和光合色素分析的化学分类方法对21种(株)常见的典型赤潮生物进行了分类分析,结果表明有些赤潮藻的不同属、属下不同种甚至同种的不同地理株系其光合色素组成和比例存在差异.根据T.pul-chellum、塔玛亚历山大藻的特征光合色素组成和比例差异,可为进一步鉴定和细分这些赤潮生物提供重要依据.根据光合色素组成和比例构建的聚类分析也能较好地反应这些赤潮生物间的相互关系.上述结果显示光合色素分析方法能作为重要的分类学依据,为一些浮游植物的分类提供更有价值的分类信息.     

溶氧对红曲菌发酵生物合成橙色素的影响

研究了溶氧对红曲菌在发酵罐中生物合成橙色素的影响。 分别采用不同通气量和搅拌转速以达到不同溶氧水平,考察不同溶氧水平下红曲菌w1夏在10L发酵罐中生产橙色素的情况,并将优化后条件放大至50L发酵罐中。结果表明,不同通气量水平下底物消耗、pH值和溶氧情况相似,但最终橙色素色价不同,基本上呈现出随通气量增加,色价呈现上升趋势;搅拌转速升高,菌体量和色价均随之升高,但涨幅不大;50L罐中菌体生长和橙色素合成结果验证了10L罐结果。在大规模生产时应尽可能采用高的通气量和适宜的搅拌转速,达到较高的溶氧水平,以利于菌体生长和橙色素合成。     

黑稻蛋白快速测定法初探

本文用凯氏定氮法为标准衡量考马斯亮蓝染色法和碱式碳酸铜法的测定结果，其中考马斯亮蓝染色法测定黑稻蛋白含量时，不受色素影响，结果平均偏差－0．027mg/g，而碱式碳酸铜法，则受色素影响稍大，结果平均偏差0．259mg/g。同时，专门对前法中染液不同H3PO4终浓度及不同蛋白提取条件对结果的影响作比较，确定H3PO4在染液中终浓度为12％（W/V)俚，可获一通过零点的标准曲线，而用85％－95％乙醇对材料蛋白提取10分钟，是获得较准确数据的提取方法。     

Organic chemistry of embalming agents in Pharaonic and Graeco-Roman mummies.

Chemical treatments were an essential element of ancient Egyptian mummification. Although the inorganic salt natron is recognized as having a central role as a desiccant, without the application of organic preservatives the bodies would have decomposed in the humid environment of the tombs. The nature of the organic treatments remains obscure, because the ancient Egyptians left no written record of the process. Secondary textual evidence for mummification is provided by Herodotus, Diodorus Siculus, Strabo and Pliny. The most important account is that of Herodotus (about 450 yr bc), although archaeological evidence shows that by this time the process had declined significantly and the best results had been achieved centuries before. His account mentions myrrh, cassia, palm wine, 'cedar oil' (still widely disputed) and 'gum'; however, it is vague with respect to the specific natural products used. Here we report the results of chemical investigations of a substantial collection of samples of tissues, wrappings and 'resinous/bituminous' materials from provenanced and dated Egyptian mummies. We focused on examples of the 'classic' mummy-making culture of the Pharaonic or dynastic period, from which we can begin to track the development of mummification chronologically.     

颜料对紫外光固化涂料固化速率的影响

研究红、黄、蓝3种颜料对紫外光固化涂料固化速率的影响，并探讨其机理，实验结果表明，颜料对固化速率的影响极大，加入少量的颜料即可使固化速率大大降低，不同颜料对固化速率的影响相差很大。     

大亚湾海洋细菌Pseudomonas sp.中的红色素

海洋细菌Pseudomonas sp.，采集于大亚湾，从该菌的菌体提取物分离得到2个红色素：灵菌红素A和新的衍生物二甲基灵菌红素B。它们的结构通过NMR，LC-MS等确定，并得出灵菌红素是具有强烈抗微生物和细胞毒性的化合物，同时研究了它的培养条件。     

Insecticidal activity of residual Bt protein at the second trophic level

Since the first commercial release of transgenic crop expressing genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), there have been concerns about its potential impact on the environment. Research has focused on the ecological effects from second exposure to Bt prot…     

蚕沙中1,3-双脱氧野尻霉素的含量测定

目的:蚕沙中的1,3-双脱氧野尻霉素是一种强效的葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,客观地建立一种简单且迅速的通过使用HPLC来测定1,3-双脱氧野尻霉素含量的方法。方法:采用荧光监测的RP-HPLC法。结果:在此研究中使用的HPLC检测手段有良好的可靠性、准确度和精密度,其检测限小于72ng。结论:此方法能够非常精确地测定蚕沙中1,3-双脱氧野尻霉素含量及其相关产品。     

我国畜禽污染现状及治理对策

随着我国畜禽养殖业的发展,畜禽粪便产生量也日益增加,已经成为农业面源污染的主要来源.对畜禽粪便环境污染进行了分析,同时剖析了造成畜禽粪便污染的原因,并提出了污染防治对策.