东亚钳蝎提取物对致痫小鼠大脑GABAA受体活性的影响

目的:研究东亚钳蝎提取物对戊四氮致痫小鼠发作潜伏期的作用并探讨其机理。方法:采用戊四氮致痫小鼠模型,给予实验动物东亚钳蝎提取物灌胃,并以丙戊酸钠为对照,观察其对致痫小鼠发作潜伏期和大脑GABAA受体结合活性的影响。结果:东亚钳蝎提取物中剂量组(500 mg/kg)的惊厥潜伏期比模型鼠明显延长(p<0.05),大脑皮层GABAA受体的结合活性显著提高(p<0.001)。低剂量(250 mg/kg)和高剂量(1 000 mg/kg)治疗组与阳性对照药的作用相当。结论:东亚钳蝎提取物的抗癫痫作用机理可能与提高大脑皮层GABAA受体的结合活性有关。     

姜黄素减轻小鼠癫痫发作

目的 探讨姜黄素对小鼠癫痫发作的作用及机制。方法 C57/BL6雄性小鼠60只,随机分为3组：正常组、癫痫模型组和姜黄素治疗组,每组20只。观察记录每组小鼠癫痫发作Racine分级评分和癫痫发作的潜伏期。免疫荧光染色检测海马CA3区GFAP和IBA-1表达,蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)检测海马IL-1β、NLRP3、caspase1的表达水平。结果 姜黄素治疗组小鼠癫痫发作Racine分级评分显著低于癫痫模型组(P<0.05),发作潜伏期显著延长(P<0.05)。与正常组相比,模型组海马CA3区GFAP和IBA-1的表达显著增加(P<0.01),胶质细胞呈现明显激活状态,IL-1β、NLRP3、caspase1蛋白的相对表达量显著升高(P<0.01),与模型组相比,姜黄素组海马CA3区的GFAP和IBA-1阳性细胞数显著减少(P<0.05),海马IL-1β、NLRP3、caspase1蛋白相对表达量也显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 姜黄素可以减轻癫痫发作程度,这可能通过调节NLRP3/caspase1通路抑制海马炎性反应来实现。     

苯妥英锌抗实验性癫痫的研究

为了解苯妥英锌的抗癫痫作用及与传统抗癫痫药苯妥英钠作用的差别，比较观察了2种剂量的苯妥英锌与苯妥英钠对最大电休克(MES)实验、戊四唑(PTZ)发作阈值实验、听源性发作(AGS)实验的作用，结果表明：苯妥英锌能明显对抗MES所致的惊厥，对PTZ引起的惊厥能延长阵挛潜伏期及小鼠存活时间，大剂量时可抑制惊厥的发生，对AGS小鼠也有明显的抑制作用，对3种癫痫模型的抑制作用与苯妥英钠相似。因此，苯妥英锌呈剂量依赖性对抗MES、PTZ发作阈值实验、AGS实验，对抗强度与苯妥英钠相似。     

榆叶粗提液治疗幼鼠癫痫作用初探

近年来临床上越来越多采用中西医结合的方法控制癫痫疾病的发作;通过以灌胃给药的方式给予PTZ癫痫幼鼠不同浓度的榆叶粗提液,观察榆叶对PTZ幼鼠癫痫模型的癫痫行为和海马神经元的影响;结果发现:与PTZ癫痫模型组相比,高浓度榆叶粗提液干预将癫痫发生率降低了20%;榆叶粗提液中、高浓度组海马神经元数目明显增加;表明中、高浓度的榆叶粗提液对PTZ癫痫模型有一定的改善作用,一定程度上可以降低癫痫行为的发生率和抑制癫痫对海马神经元的损伤。     

雌激素对戊四唑致痫大鼠海马内GABA和P38的影响

目的：分析月经性癫痫中，雌激素对大鼠海马内γ-氨基丁酸(γ-amiobutyric acid，GABA)和P38的影响，探讨雌激素促癫痫发作的作用机理。方法：利用去卵巢(ovaiectomized，OVX)SD大鼠，用雌激素替代疗法及戊四唑(petylenetetrazole，PTZ)致病，诱发大鼠癫痫发作，并采用免疫组织化学技术，对大鼠背侧海马不同脑区GABA和P38的免疫反应产物进行观察。结果：(1)GABA免疫组化检测结果显示，实验对照组(OVX NS PTZ)与空白对照组(OVX NS NS)相比及实验给药组(OVX E2 PTZ)与实验对照组相比，背侧海马门区内GABA免疫反应阳性神经元数目均显性减少。(2)P38免疫反应产物的观察：其免疫反应产物呈特征性点状或颗粒状。在CA1区始层和辐射层、CA3区透明层，空白对照组与实验对照组相比免疫反应强度无明显变化，实验给药组比实验对照组免疫反应增强。在齿状回分子层，3组的免疫反应强度无明显变化。结论：雌激素使海马门区GABA含量减少，从而降低了GABA对癫痫发作的抑制作用，增强了癫痫发作的敏感性。雌激素可使背侧海马CA1区始层和辐射层、CA3区透明层P38的表达增加(即使该区的突触密度增加)，从而增加了海马内兴奋性递质的释放，使海马内的兴奋性增强。     

淫羊藿黄酮对APP转基因小鼠学习记忆及β-amyloid生成的影响

观察不同月龄APP(amyloid precursor protein)转基因模型小鼠学习记忆功能的改变,以及中药有效部位淫羊藿黄酮对10月龄转基因小鼠学习记忆功能和脑内APP、BACE的表达及β-淀粉样肽(β-amyloid,Aβ)生成及含量的影响.用药组小鼠自4月龄开始灌胃给予淫羊藿黄酮小(0.03 g·kg-1/d)、大剂量(0.1 g·kg-1/d)6个月至10月龄,正常对照组、转基因阴性对照组及模型组以同样方式灌胃给予蒸馏水.应用Morris水迷宫和物体识别方法测试小鼠学习记忆能力,应用免疫组化学及Western Blot方法分别检测海马CA1区及皮层中APP、BACE的表达,采用双抗体夹心ELISA试剂盒测定海马中不溶性Aβ1-42含量.研究结果表明,APP转基因小鼠在4月龄即出现学习记忆能力障碍,在水迷宫实验中,比转基因阴性对照组小鼠潜伏期延长28%(p<0.05).增龄至10月龄,APP转基因小鼠学习记忆能力明显下降,水迷宫潜伏期及游泳距离与转基因阴性对照组的差异分别加大为40%(p<0.01)和35%(p<0.05),物体识别实验中分辨指数的差异为61%(p<0.05).与正常对照组及转基因阴性对照组相比,10月龄转基因模型小鼠海马CA1区及皮层中APP和BACE的表达明显增加,海马中Aβ1-42的含量明显升高.淫羊藿黄酮大剂量可明显改善10月龄APP转基因小鼠Morris水迷宫作业成绩,提高模型鼠物体识别能力,明显减少APP转基因模型小鼠海马和皮层APP及BACE的表达,降低海马Aβ1-42的含量.提示淫羊藿黄酮能改善APP转基因模型小鼠学习记忆能力和减少Aβ经由淀粉源途径生成及含量,对防治AD等神经退行性疾病具有良好的应用前景.     

蓝布正总提取物对高血糖动物降血糖作用的研究

目的:研究蓝布正对几种物质诱导高血糖动物血糖的影响.方法:用葡萄糖及肾上腺素致小鼠高血糖模型、四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠模型,分别观察蓝布正对小鼠血糖、体重、饮水量和饮食量的影响.结果:蓝布正低、高剂量组都能降低葡萄糖性高血糖小鼠的血糖水平(P＜0.05).高剂量组能显著降低肾上腺素性高血糖小鼠的血糖水平(P＜0.05):低剂量组对肾上腺素性高血糖模型无明显降低作用(P＞0.05);低高剂量组均能显著降低四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),且呈一定的剂量依赖关系;还能减少动物的饮食及饮水量.结论:蓝布正对多种原因引起的高血糖均有一定的降糖作用.     

海人酸致沙鼠癫痫模型初探

采用腹腔注射海人酸(KA)的方法制作沙鼠癫痫模型。结果显示,实验中所设的四个剂量组(5 mg/kg,10mg/kg,15 mg/kg,20 mg/kg)均能成功诱发癫痫发作,是良好的颞叶癫痫动物模型。随着KA剂量的增加,沙鼠癫痫发作的潜伏期、发作时间均明显缩短(P<0.01),但动物的死亡率增加(P<0.01)。提示制作沙鼠癫痫模型时腹腔注射KA的适宜剂量是5 mg/kg。     

消痒洗剂对急、慢性湿疹动物模型的药效研究

目的:观察消痒洗剂对急、慢性湿疹小鼠模型的白介素-1β(IL-1β),白介素-4(IL-4)和白介素-8(IL-8)的表达影响,以及其抗炎止痒的效果,阐明其治疗急、慢性湿疹的作用机制。方法:分别采用2,4-二硝基氟苯(DNFB)、2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)致敏建立小鼠急、慢性湿疹模型,分别给予消痒洗剂低、中、高剂量(体积浓度分别为10%、20%、40%)及阳性对照药(复方苦参洗剂)(浓度为40%)干预,比较各组炎症因子的变化及其抗炎效果;通过磷酸组胺致痒试验及二甲苯致炎试验观察消痒洗剂的止痒、抗炎效果。结果:消痒洗剂各剂量组能显著减轻ACD小鼠模型的耳肿胀度(P0.01)并能够减轻ACD小鼠模型血清IL-1β、IL-8(P0.01)等炎症因子的水平;能显著减轻DTH小鼠模型的耳肿胀度(高、中剂量组P0.01,低剂量组无差异),而所有剂量组均能够减轻DTH小鼠模型血清IL-1β、IL-8(P0.01)的水平。消痒洗剂高、中剂量组能提高磷酸组胺对豚鼠的致痒阈(P0.05);消痒洗剂各剂量组均能显著抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀(P0.01)。结论:消痒洗剂通过降低炎性细胞因子IL-1β、IL-8的水平来治疗急、慢性皮炎湿疹,且止痒及抗炎的效果明显。     

枸杞醋镇静催眠作用的实验研究

目的探讨枸杞醋的镇静催眠作用,为开发具有辅助改善睡眠功能的保健食品提供依据.方法将雄性ICR小鼠随机分成5组,即空白对照组(灌胃蒸馏水)、地西泮组(灌胃地西泮)、枸杞醋低剂量组(灌胃枸杞醋25%)、枸杞醋中剂量组(灌胃枸杞醋50%)、枸杞醋高剂量组(灌胃枸杞醋100%),各组小鼠灌胃1次/d,连续7 d后进行行为学实验.自主活动仪观察枸杞醋对小鼠活动及站立次数的影响;阈下/阈剂量戊巴比妥协同睡眠实验观察枸杞醋对小鼠睡眠只数、睡眠潜伏期及睡眠时间的影响;采用酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme-linked Immunodef Ic ient assay,ELISA)检测小鼠脑组织中γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyricac Id,GABA)和谷氨酸(Gluteus,GLU)含量.结果与空白组比较,枸杞醋50%,100%剂量组小鼠自主活动次数及站立次数明显减少(P0.01,P0.05);枸杞醋各剂量组小鼠睡眠只数明显增加,枸杞醋100%剂量组睡眠潜伏期被明显缩短(P0.05),睡眠时间明显延长;枸杞醋50%,100%剂量组小鼠脑内GABA含量明显升高,GLU含量明显降低,GABA/GLU比值明显增加(P0.05,P0.01).结论枸杞醋在实验中对小鼠具有镇静催眠的作用,其机制可能与其调节脑组织中GABA及GLU含量有关.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-