Effect of pyrophosphate on the light scatter in KDP crystal

Pyrophosphate doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal was grown from aqueous solution by the temperature lowering method. Light scatter in KDP crystal was detected with the ultramicroscopic method. The light scatter in KDP crystal was aggravated when pyrophosphate was doped into the growth solution, which was distributed ununiformly in prism and pyramidal sectors of KDP crystal. Different effects of pyrophosphate on prism and pyramidal sectors of KDP crystal can explain this case. The transmission in this crystal was measured, showing that pyrophosphate affects the transmission evidently.     

钙处理对LG510钢夹杂物的影响及热力学分析

在热力学计算的基础上,对某厂钙处理前后的汽车大梁钢LG510进行取样研究,探讨钙处理对汽车大梁钢LG510夹杂物的影响。结果表明,钙处理后钢中Al2O3夹杂物得到有效变性,夹杂物的数量明显减少,夹杂物尺寸也明显减小,夹杂物形状更加规则;钢液相线温度为1873K、钢中w[Al]为0.028%时,钢中w[O]、w[Ca]分别控制在2.8×10-6~11.5×10-6、0.14×10-6~7×10-6范围内,Al2O3夹杂变性效果良好;同时将钢中w[S]控制在0.011%以下,既可生成液态铝酸钙夹杂物,也可减少CaS夹杂生成。     

盐效应和共同离子效应对方解石溶解度的影响及其地质意义

储层矿物的生长和溶解受控于成岩流体,在恒定温度条件下,对不同盐度和离子类型溶液体系中的方解石溶解特性进行实验研究。结果表明,在低盐度(20%)条件下,方解石溶解度随盐度增加而增大,但盐度过高会导致方解石溶解度降低,方解石溶解度最大值的盐度区间对应了高孔隙发育带;在相同浓度条件下,MgCl_2体系中方解石的溶解度最大,NaCl体系中次之,KCl中最小,说明Mg~(2+)的盐效应大于Na~+和K~+的盐效应,能促进方解石的溶解;Ca~(2+)会因为共同离子效应而抑制方解石的溶解,反而有助于方解石沉淀(生长),其结果有助于地层保持良好的封闭性;Na_2SO_4的盐效应不明显,随浓度增大,方解石的溶解度快速降低;硫酸根对方解石溶解的抑制作用强于氯离子,表明Na_2SO_4水型可能不利于储层溶蚀次生孔隙的发育。     

在多孔钙磷陶瓷表面浸涂溶胶制备HA涂层

采用有机泡沫浸渍工艺制备了具有高孔隙率的多孔钙磷陶瓷,并以此为基体,采用浸涂溶胶的方法在多孔陶瓷网架结构表面成功制备了HA涂层.扫描电镜(SEM)观察样品的孔隙和表面形貌显示,涂层均匀涂敷在多孔陶瓷孔壁表面,形成的涂层中存在着大量由于水分蒸发形成的缩孔.涂层处理对样品的大孔结构没有明显影响,样品仍保持了较高的孔隙率(82.3%±2.8%).X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,涂层由较纯的HA组成.经不同温度处理后,HA涂层呈现了不同的结晶状态.500℃处理后得到了结晶程度较低的HA涂层,这种涂层有利于提高多孔陶瓷的表面生物活性.对涂层与基体的界面分析后可得,两者之间为紧密的机械锚合.     

羟基磷灰石的制备及其在含铅废水处理中的应用

以磷石膏为原料、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为表面活性剂,采用沉淀法制备羟基磷灰石(HAP),结合FT-IR、XRD、SEM等手段对材料进行表征.以合成的羟基磷灰石作为吸附剂处理含铅废水,探讨p H、HAP的投加量、吸附时间及Pb2+初始浓度等对去除率的影响.优化实验确定最佳的实验条件为:HAP投加量为2 g/L,Pb2+初始浓度为500 mg/L,吸附时间为20 min,其中溶液p H值对Pb2+的吸附基本没有影响.结合SEM/EDX对吸附前后HAP进行分析,结果进一步证实Pb2+被吸附在HAP上.     

Intestinal homeostasis and its breakdown in inflammatory bowel disease

Intestinal homeostasis depends on complex interactions between the microbiota, the intestinal epithelium and the host immune system. Diverse regulatory mechanisms cooperate to maintain intestinal homeostasis, and a breakdown in these pathways may precipitate the chronic inflammatory pathology found in inflammatory bowel disease. It is now evident that immune effector modules that drive intestinal inflammation are conserved across innate and adaptive leukocytes and can be controlled by host regulatory cells. Recent evidence suggests that several factors may tip the balance between homeostasis and intestinal inflammation, presenting future challenges for the development of new therapies for inflammatory bowel disease.     

X-ray diffraction investigation of amorphous calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite under ultra-high hydrostatic pressure

The changes in the crystal structures of synthetically prepared amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) in water (1:1 mass ratio) were studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) under ultra-high hydrostatic pressures as high as 2.34 GPa for ACP and 4 GPa for HAP. At ambient pressure, the XRD patterns of the ACP and HAP samples in capillary tubes and their environmental scanning electron micrographs indicated amorphous and crystalline characteristics for ACP and HAP, respectively. At pressures greater than 0.25 GPa, an additional broad peak was observed in the XRD pattern of the ACP phase, indicating a partial phase transition from an amorphous phase to a new high-pressure amorphous phase. The peak areas and positions of the ACP phase, as obtained through fitting of the experimental data, indicated that the ACP exhibited increased pseudo-crystalline behavior at pressures greater than 0.96 GPa. Conversely, no structural changes were observed for the HAP phase up to the highest applied pressure of 4 GPa. For HAP, a unit-cell reduction during compression was evidenced by a reduction in both refined lattice parameters a and c. Both ACP and HAP reverted to their original structures when the pressure was fully released to ambient pressure.     

三聚磷酸钠对草酸钙晶体生长的影响及其防石机理

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)方法研究了三聚磷酸钠对草酸钙(CaOxa)晶体生长的影响.三聚磷酸钠能抑制一水草酸钙(COM)晶体的生长,同时诱导二水草酸钙(COD)晶体的形成.随着三聚磷酸钠浓度的增加,COM晶体的表面积减少.上述结果表明三聚磷酸钠是抑制CaOxa结石的一种潜在药物.     

不同分散剂对纳米羟基磷灰石粒子团聚的影响

为了解决纳米羟基磷灰石团聚的问题，在纳米羟基磷灰石制备过程中，加入适量的乙醇、铈盐和聚乙二醇作为表面分散荆，研究其分散作用。试验结果表明：乙醇具有脱水作用，减少毛细管收缩作用，具有一定的分散作用，且不改变HA六方晶体形貌；铈盐的加入，使六方晶体结构进一步分化，粒子尺寸变小，有细化纳米HA晶粒的作用及分散作用，同时，在分散过程中，参与反应，形成Ce5（PO4）3（OH）；聚乙二醇对纳米羟基磷灰石形貌影响不大，但在表面形成簿膜，隔阻纳米粒子间的接触，具有减少硬团聚的作用。     

Effect of calcium ions on the secondary structures of photosystem II and its relations with photoinhibition

Calcium ions play an important role in the oxygen-evolving process of photosystem II as demonstrated in many experiments. The changes of the secondary structures of PS II induced by the depletion of Ca²⁺ were reported. The results indicated that the removal of Ca²⁺ led to the transition of ahelix to turns and sheet structures. While Ca²⁺ was re-added to the media, only the structures changed to turns could be recovered. The protein conformational changes of PS II during the donor side photoinhibition induced by the depletion of ca²⁺ were also studied. This showed that the protein conformational changes differed between the control and Ca²⁺-depleted samples in a short period of illumination (within 10 min). However, the changes became similar when the illumination time was increased.     

Aberrant lipid metabolism disrupts calcium homeostasis causing liver endoplasmic reticulum stress in obesity

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site of protein and lipid synthesis, membrane biogenesis, xenobiotic detoxification and cellular calcium storage, and perturbation of ER homeostasis leads to stress and the activation of the unfolded protein response. Chronic activation of ER stress has been shown to have an important role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes in obesity. However, the mechanisms that lead to chronic ER stress in a metabolic context in general, and in obesity in particular, are not understood. Here we comparatively examined the proteomic and lipidomic landscape of hepatic ER purified from lean and obese mice to explore the mechanisms of chronic ER stress in obesity. We found suppression of protein but stimulation of lipid synthesis in the obese ER without significant alterations in chaperone content. Alterations in ER fatty acid and lipid composition result in the inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity and ER stress. Correcting the obesity-induced alteration of ER phospholipid composition or hepatic Serca overexpression in vivo both reduced chronic ER stress and improved glucose homeostasis. Hence, we established that abnormal lipid and calcium metabolism are important contributors to hepatic ER stress in obesity.     

沉积温度对纯钛表面制备Cu掺杂羟基磷灰石涂层的影响

在钛和钛合金表面制备羟基磷灰石（hydroxyapatite, HAp）涂层能够显著提升其生物活性。HAp中进一步掺杂Cu,可以获得抗菌效果,有效避免术后感染。为研究温度对纯钛表面制备Cu掺杂羟基磷灰石（CuHAp）涂层形貌的影响,采用电化学沉积的方法,在不同温度下制备CuHAp涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线光谱仪、X射线衍射仪对涂层的表面形貌、元素含量和物相组成进行表征。结果表明：随着沉积温度的升高,沉积过程中的电流密度也随之增大。沉积温度由25 ℃升高至45 ℃,会加快CuHAp涂层致密均匀的生长;但温度升高到55 ℃时,CuHAp涂层变得疏松,并且出现裂纹。沉积温度低于45 ℃时,Ca+Cu与P的物质的量比小于1.67,有利于骨生长。适当提高沉积温度,可以得到均匀致密的CuHAp涂层。     

神经酸钙的合成及理化性质研究

以神经酸(顺-15-二十四碳烯酸)为原料,以乙醇和水的混合物为介质,在常压下直接与氧化钙反应合成神经酸钙,对产物的光谱性质和理化性质进行了表征.并对反应温度、反应时间、反应物料液/固比以及反应物料配比等因素对反应的影响及对产物中游离酸含量的影响进行了研究,优化了反应条件.在优化条件下,可得到产率和纯度均达90%以上的产物.     

不同反应温度和原料对化学沉淀法制备纳米羟基磷灰石的影响

使用不同磷源与钙源制得纳米羟基磷灰石,并利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、透射电镜、热重分析等分析手段对产物进行表征,探究不同的反应温度、不同原料等实验条件对产物的组成、形貌及尺寸的影响。结果表明：升高温度有利于晶体生长;不同钙源对产物的影响不大,改变磷源对产物组成的影响较大;产物羟基磷灰石中的磷酸根会被磷酸氢根所取代,并且以磷酸氢二钠为原料时产物中磷酸氢根含量最高。     

树脂酸钙的生成及其控制

研究了树脂酸钠在Ca2+存在下的溶液浊度变化特点,分析了不同反应温度、溶液的pH、ACS用量及添加顺序等工艺条件对多价金属离子络合剂ACS控制树脂酸钠的影响。结果表明：游离的树脂酸钠盐能与Ca2+进行离子交换,生成疏水且易聚集的树脂酸钙。ACS能通过吸附溶液中的Ca2+而有效控制树脂酸钙的形成。提高温度和pH,降低溶液的初始浊度,有利于ACS对Ca2+的吸附。无论在树脂酸钙形成前或形成后添加ACS均对树脂酸钙的形成有控制作用,但在树脂酸钠接触Ca2+前使用ACS更有利于防止树脂酸钙的生成,且ACS用量可以降低一半。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子及其复合羟基磷灰石研究进展(综述)

本文综述了bFGF及其复合HAP的研究现状，并主要从化学的角度对材料复合、表征和应用所存在的问题及其发展趋势进行了探讨。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite coating on the surface of medical magnesium alloy and its corrosion resistance

The early corrosion control of biomedical magnesium alloy is an important measure to determine its good performance during implantation into human body. The deposition of calcium phosphate biological coating is the most effective solution at present. In this paper, hydroxyapatite (HAP) coating was hydrothermal synthesized on the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy, and the influence mechanism of hydrothermal synthesis temperature, time and solution concentration was investigated. The synthesis conditions and deposition mechanism of hydroxyapatite coating without DCPA (CaHPO₄) were proposed. The surface morphology of the coating was observed by field emission electron scanning microscope (FESEM). The types and contents of microelements in the material were analyzed by energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze the functional group information of the coating surface. The corrosion resistance of different experimental groups was studied by electrochemical test. The results showed that when the calcium phosphate solution concentration was 0.1 ?mol/L and the calcium/phosphorus ratio was 1.67, the coating had better morphology structure and corrosion resistance, and the calcium/phosphorus ratio of HAP crystals reached 1.58, the epit of the prepared AZ31B-HAP coating by bare metal increased from ?1.51 ?V to ?1.18 ?V, the impedance value reached 1.0 ?× ?10⁵ ?Ω?cm², and the early corrosion of magnesium alloy substrate was effectively delayed.