原太阳吸积盘的结构

计算了粘滞演化阶段不同的吸积率下原太阳吸积盘的结构．应用标准α模型估算盘中的粘滞，粘滞参数α取０．０１．盘由粘滞扩散加热，通过对流和辐射散热．对温度敏感的不透明度是决定盘结构的重要因素     

外赋AGB星质量吸积的角动量守恒模型：方程的推导

考虑到δｒ≠０，用整个系统的角动量守恒条件代替切向动量守恒条件，将星风吸积与盘吸积两种质量机结合起来考虑，推导了吸积质量及轨道参量的变化方程。     

薄吸积盘及其发射线的研究

在轴对称、几何薄、光学厚吸积盘模型的基础上,应用新的粘滞定律（磁粘滞为主）以避免标准吸积盘内区的热不稳定及粘滞不稳定定。考虑了自引力的作用,计算出了稳定的磁粘滞自引力薄吸积盘外区的结构,综合盘外区的结构,讨论了吸积盘外区的辐射性质以及发射线的有关问题．     

活动星系核吸积盘辐射的研究

在标准吸积盘辐射模型的基础上,考虑了不同的质量吸积率、不同的无量纲旋转参数a(中心黑洞为克尔黑洞)、最小稳定轨道半径处存在的约束(产生一个矩)和吸积盘表面磁场的存在(喷流辐射与吸积盘辐射之间存在一定的耦合)对吸积盘辐射的影响。结果表明,中心黑洞为正旋转的克尔黑洞比史瓦西黑洞辐射的峰值及峰值频率大,负旋转的克尔黑洞比史瓦西黑洞辐射的峰值及峰值频率小,质量吸积率越大峰值和峰值频率变大,无量纲黑洞旋转参数a越大峰值与峰值频率越大,喷流辐射能量和吸积盘辐射能量之比越大峰值和峰值频率越小,辐射效率越大峰值和峰值频率越大。     

黑洞磁化薄吸积盘的热稳定性

首先回顾了吸积盘理论产生的背景和研究概况.自从1991年Balbus和Hawley揭示了磁转动不稳定性(MRI)在较差转动流体系统中的重要性之后,磁场逐渐成为吸积盘理论研究所不可回避的成分.因此在标准薄盘模型的框架下,引入了环向磁场.假设在热扰动发生的时标内局部环向磁通量守恒,具体分析了当环向磁场参与到吸积盘垂向流体静力学平衡以及粘滞产热等过程之后,对盘的热稳定性所产生的影响.结果显示:当磁压在总压强中所占比例高于24%时,对任意的吸积率吸积盘都将呈现出热稳定性.这一结果有别于传统薄盘在辐射压主导情况下是热不稳定的结论,可以用于解释部分高光度X射线双星系统中缺少相应光变的观测事实,以及有助于理解近年来磁化吸积盘数值模拟中的一些结果.     

原太阳吸收积盘模型及结构

在标准的α模型基础上，运用不同的对流和辐射理论，计算和比较原太阳吸积盘在粘滞演化阶段的径向和垂直结构，结果表明，扩散近似和混合程理论在原太阳吸积盘的构造中是很好的能量转移方和对流理论。     

物质流分析的跟踪观察法

流动，是物质（如铜、铝等）流动和流体流动二者所具有的基本特征，基于这个论点，简要地回顾了流体力学中研究流体流动的两种方法，即拉格朗日法和欧拉法；相应地提出了物质流分析的两种方法，即跟踪观察法和定点观察法。由于前者在文献中未见报道，因此对它进行了重点说明。强调了物质流的跟踪观察法既适用于稳态物质流（产品产量不变），也适用于非稳态物质流（产品产量增长或下降）。以钢铁产品生命周期的铁流图为例，说明了物质流的跟踪模型。在引入了物质流的非稳度后，提出了物质流各项指标的计算式，以及它们之间的相互关系。以瑞典铅酸电池系统为对象，计算了其中铅流的各项指标，并进行了必要的分析。     

吸积盘边界的K—H不稳定性─—径向运动对色散方程的影响

本文基于前文〔１〕提出的中子星吸积盘边界的剪切层模型”。考虑吸积物质径向运动的影响，导出了色散方程．     

星系中心大黑洞的宇宙学演化

在冷暗物质晕等级成团宇宙学模型中,伴随着暗物质晕并合,星系中心黑洞也断地并合和增长.于展Press-Schechter公式（EPS）我们编写了一自适应时间长Monte Carlo程序,重构了表征暗物质晕等级成团并合树.在成功地建立了黑洞和暗物质晕宇宙学演化模型后,我们通过引入直接吸积（包标准薄盘吸积和磁流体力学吸积）和随吸积两类黑洞吸积模式,论了黑洞自旋和质量宇宙学演化.通过与观测到AGN光度函数比较,我们发现黑洞通过磁流体力学吸积模式增长,与观测符合最好.于以上理论框架,我们还研究了双大质量黑洞演化,发现双黑洞通过共转气体吸积盘吸积对双黑洞质量比分存在显著影响.     

基于轻子模型的Mrk 421光变特性分析

收集了Mrk 421(z=0.031)在31个不同时段的观测数据,运用同步自康普顿(SSC)模型进行拟合,得到了Mrk 421的拟合参数,计算并分析了物理参量之间的相关性.分析得出结果如下:(1)P_p(质子功率)P_e(相对论电子功率)P_r(喷流的辐射功率)P_B(坡印廷流量功率),说明喷流过程是粒子主导;(2)电子谱的截断洛伦兹因子γ_b越大辐射冷却的效果越弱;(3)Mrk 421的峰值光度比值与磁场强度B的关系暗示,当磁场增强时同步辐射的冷却作用在整个喷流的冷却过程中也增强;(4)γ_b与磁场强度B的关系表明电子能谱变化与磁场变化密切相关.     

The magnetic nature of disk accretion onto black holes

Although disk accretion onto compact objects-white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes-is central to much of high-energy astrophysics, the mechanisms that enable this process have remained observationally difficult to determine. Accretion disks must transfer angular momentum in order for matter to travel radially inward onto the compact object. Internal viscosity from magnetic processes and disk winds can both in principle transfer angular momentum, but hitherto we lacked evidence that either occurs. Here we report that an X-ray-absorbing wind discovered in an observation of the stellar-mass black hole binary GRO J1655 - 40 (ref. 6) must be powered by a magnetic process that can also drive accretion through the disk. Detailed spectral analysis and modelling of the wind shows that it can only be powered by pressure generated by magnetic viscosity internal to the disk or magnetocentrifugal forces. This result demonstrates that disk accretion onto black holes is a fundamentally magnetic process.     

Hydrodynamic turbulence cannot transport angular momentum effectively in astrophysical disks

The most efficient energy sources known in the Universe are accretion disks. Those around black holes convert 5-40 per cent of rest-mass energy to radiation. Like water circling a drain, inflowing mass must lose angular momentum, presumably by vigorous turbulence in disks, which are essentially inviscid. The origin of the turbulence is unclear. Hot disks of electrically conducting plasma can become turbulent by way of the linear magnetorotational instability. Cool disks, such as the planet-forming disks of protostars, may be too poorly ionized for the magnetorotational instability to occur, and therefore essentially unmagnetized and linearly stable. Nonlinear hydrodynamic instability often occurs in linearly stable flows (for example, pipe flows) at sufficiently large Reynolds numbers. Although planet-forming disks have extreme Reynolds numbers, keplerian rotation enhances their linear hydrodynamic stability, so the question of whether they can be turbulent and thereby transport angular momentum effectively is controversial. Here we report a laboratory experiment, demonstrating that non-magnetic quasi-keplerian flows at Reynolds numbers up to millions are essentially steady. Scaled to accretion disks, rates of angular momentum transport lie far below astrophysical requirements. By ruling out purely hydrodynamic turbulence, our results indirectly support the magnetorotational instability as the likely cause of turbulence, even in cool disks.     

吸积盘中心黑洞的熵变与 B-Z 过程

分别在薄盘和厚盘两种情况下,详细讨论了纯吸积过程和Ｂ－Ｚ过程中吸积盘中心黑洞的熵变．结果表明,中心黑洞各参量在Ｂ－Ｚ过程中的变化率与在纯吸积过程中的变化率之差与盘结构无关,而且与Ｂ－Ｚ过程的辐射功率成正比．在Ｂ－Ｚ过程中黑洞熵的变化率总是大于纯吸积过程中黑洞熵的变化率,二者之差来自中心黑洞延伸视界上的耗散功率．此外,还讨论了黑洞热力学定律在上述盘吸积过程中的有效性．     

Circumbinary disk, an efficient medium extracting orbital angular momentum in close binaries

The loss of orbital angular momentum plays an important role in the mass transfer and orbital evolution of close binaries. The traditional mechanisms of orbital angular momentum loss consist of gravitational wave radiation, mass loss and magnetic braking. However, a small fraction of the mass outflow may form a thin circumbinary disk (CB disk) located in the orbital plane of the binary during mass exchange. The tide torques caused by the gravitational interaction between a CB disk and a binary system brake binary effectively, and extract the orbital angular momentum from the binary system. In this study, numerical calculations for the evolution of the white dwarf binary show that a CB disk is an efficient medium extracting orbital angular momentum even if the mass loss is very small. Finally, some theoretical research and observational progress on CB disks are presented. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10873011, 10573009, 10573010) and Program for Science & Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province, China     

The rotating wind of the quasar PG 1700+518

It is now widely accepted that most galaxies undergo an active phase, during which a central super-massive black hole generates vast radiant luminosities through the gravitational accretion of gas. Winds launched from a rotating accretion disk surrounding the black hole are thought to play a critical role, allowing the disk to shed angular momentum that would otherwise inhibit accretion. Such winds are capable of depositing large amounts of mechanical energy in the host galaxy and its environs, profoundly affecting its formation and evolution, and perhaps regulating the formation of large-scale cosmological structures in the early Universe. Although there are good theoretical grounds for believing that outflows from active galactic nuclei originate as disk winds, observational verification has proven elusive. Here we show that structures observed in polarized light across the broad Halpha emission line in the quasar PG 1700+518 originate close to the accretion disk in an electron scattering wind. The wind has large rotational motions (approximately 4,000 km s(-1)), providing direct observational evidence that outflows from active galactic nuclei are launched from the disks. Moreover, the wind rises nearly vertically from the disk, favouring launch mechanisms that impart an initial acceleration perpendicular to the disk plane.     

反常粘滞吸积薄盘的稳定结构

根据描述吸积盘的流体动力学方程,给出无磁场情况下的质量、动量和能量守恒方程。在所给定方程的基础上,利用新的反常粘滞计算了黑洞周围吸积盘内区的结构。数值结果表明盘内区的气体不是做开普勒旋转,温度随吸积率变化比较明显,在M=10M_⊙,M ^.=100M ^._E的情况下,吸积盘的最大温度可达到3.35×10⁷K。 同时文中也给出了面密度和径向速度的分布规律。     

四气门柴油机两进气道的相互干扰——对缸内涡流的影响

利用测得的四气门柴油机气门口三维流场,分析了进气门出口流场产生的缸内空气动量矩流率,揭示了四气门柴油机两进气道的相互干扰对缸内空气动量矩流率影响的变化规律,四气门装油机两进气道相互干扰,对缸内空气动量矩流率产生较大影响,相互干扰的程度取决于各气道的自身结构,两气道之间的相互位置及气门开度。