浓乳液聚合法制备聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯)微球的研究

以苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯为单体,采用浓乳液聚合的方法制备得到聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯)微球.通过热失重分析仪研究了聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯)微球的热降解性能,并研究了单体配比、乳化剂用量等对该微球粒径及形态的影响.结果表明:乳化剂用量越多,聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯)微球粒径越小;二乙烯基苯用量越多,微球粒径也越小.     

单分散聚苯乙烯微球的制备与表征

以苯乙烯（St）为单体,采用无皂乳液聚合法及分散聚合法制备了不同粒径的聚苯乙烯微球（PS微球）。运用傅立叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）、纳米粒径分析仪等手段,对微球的组成成分、表面形态、粒径及其分布进行了表征。结果表面,微球粒径均匀,球形度良好且呈单分散性。     

蒸馏沉淀聚合法制备单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球

以乙腈为溶剂,以过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）为引发剂进行了苯乙烯（St）和二乙烯基苯（DVB）的蒸馏沉淀共聚合研究,制得粒径2-3μm的单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球．结果表明,当单体总量和BPO用量增加时,微球粒径增大,产率升高．当交联剂DVB用量增加时,微球平均粒径增大,粒径分布变窄,产率升高．随着混合溶剂中乙醇含量的下降,粒径分布变窄,产率升高．在其他条件基本相同的情况下,用长分馏柱所得的聚合物微球具有较好的形貌．     

自稳定沉淀聚合法制备交联(α-甲基苯乙烯-马来酸酐)共聚物微粒的研究

采用自稳定沉淀聚合方法制备了交联（α-甲基苯乙烯-马来酸酐）共聚物(PAMSM)微球,探讨了交联剂种类、交联剂用量对所得交联聚合物粒子形貌、粒径、粒径分布及热力学性能的影响。结果表明,以二乙烯基苯（DVB）为交联剂所制得的聚合物微球的粒径、粒径分布及形貌随二乙烯基苯用量的增加变化不大,而以乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂微球的粒径则随交联剂用量的增多而增大,在较高交联剂用量条件下粒径分布变宽。微球的交联程度可以通过交联剂用量的变化进行调控。对交联PAMSM产物的热性能分析发现,交联剂可以提高PAMSM的玻璃化转变温度,且提高的程度与交联剂在分子链中的化学结构有关,而交联剂对PAMSM热稳定性能的影响不明显。     

由大分子PMMA-DPE引发制备Poly(St-alt-MAn)微球

在1,1-二苯基乙烯（DPE）存在下,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为初始单体,偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,采用本体聚合法制备出含有DPE片段的大分子引发剂PMMA-DPE;然后以PMMA-DPE 为引发剂,以苯乙烯（St）和马来酸酐（MAn）为共聚单体,乙酸异戊酯为溶剂,采用自稳定沉淀聚合法制备了单分散的聚（苯乙烯-马来酸酐）（Poly（St-alt-MAn））的微球。研究了 PMMA-DPE 的用量对聚合物微球的形态、粒径大小及分布的影响。采用 FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR和 GPC 对产物的结构进行了表征,并用 SEM 观察了聚合物微球的形貌。结果表明,PMMA-DPE 能够引发 St 和 MAn 的共聚合,随着 PMMA-DPE用量的增加,聚合反应的转化率呈增大趋势,聚合物微球的粒径呈下降趋势,而粒径分布系数略有增大。     

四元共聚反应性微凝胶制备的研究

采用微乳液聚合工艺,用半连续加料法合成了以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体、以二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂的苯乙烯(St)/丙烯酸丁酯(BA)共聚微凝胶,考察了软硬单体配比、非离子和阴离子乳化剂配比和用量及MMA、DVB用量对共聚物乳液的粒径及其分布、粘度和成膜性能的影响.     

分散聚合制备聚苯乙烯微球

以苯乙烯为单体,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散稳定剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,研究了分散聚合体系中各组分,如单体、分散介质和引发剂等用量的变化对聚合物微球的粒径大小及粒度分布的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对微球表面形貌进行了观测.结果表明,体系中的单体浓度、分散介质特性、引发剂用量对所制备微球的粒径大小及粒度分布具有重要影响.通过调整配方,选择合适的工艺参数,可成功制备出粒径2~5 μm、单分散性良好的聚苯乙烯微球,且微球表面光洁,外形均匀对称,相互之间没有粘连.     

氨基聚苯乙烯微球的制备与表征

采用分散聚合法以苯乙烯(St)为单体、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂、乙醇和水的混合液为分散介质合成了聚苯乙烯微球,再通过硝化反应与还原反应制成了粒径均匀,稳定性好的氨基聚苯乙烯微球.通过扫描电子显微镜、激光粒径分析仪对微球的外观形貌、单分散性分别进行表征,并用电导滴定法测定了微球表面氨基含量.结果表明,所合成的氨基聚苯乙烯微球粒径在2 μm左右,具有良好的单分散性且氨基含量较高.     

用于构建液相芯片的单分散性聚苯乙烯微球的合成研究

报道了一种液相芯片的微球敏感元件载体的制备方法.利用分散聚合法,以苯乙烯(St)为聚合单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为稳定剂,乙醇和水作为分散介质,合成了微米级单分散性聚苯乙烯微球,详细探讨了单体浓度、引发剂、稳定剂的用量对微球的粒径及单分散性的影响,并对微球的表面形貌进行了表征.结果表明,制备的聚苯乙烯微球作为液相芯片的敏感元件载体,具有良好的单分散性,粒径约2.2 μm,并且表面光滑致密,适合下一步在其表面引入羧基、氨基等功能基团以进行表面化学与生物活化,从而制成液相芯片的敏感元件.     

大粒径单分散聚合物交联微球的制备

采用分散聚合法制备出粒径8.21μm,分散系数约为0.04,交联度约为12.6%的单分散聚合微球,考察了交联剂加入方式用量,加入时间及抗坏血酸用量等因素对合成聚合物PS微球粒径和分布的影响.实验结果表明,当单体St质量分数为28.8%～33.5%,引发剂用量m(AIBN)∶m(St)=0.03～0.06,稳定剂用量m(PVP)∶m(St)=0.5～0.8,采用交联剂DVB后滴入法,交联剂用量m(DVB)∶m(St)=0.02～0.08,在反应进行到6h后开始滴加DVB,2h滴加完,可合成出单分散性好、分散系数低、大粒径高交联的PS微球.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with