风电叶片复合材料层间开裂声发射监测

通过对含Ⅰ型分层缺陷的单向和多轴向风电叶片复合材料试件进行拉伸力学性能实验,同时进行声发射全程监测,研究了含Ⅰ型分层复合材料在拉伸过程的损伤演化特性及声发射响应特征.实验结果表明:风电叶片复合材料Ⅰ型分层加载初始阶段载荷与张开位移之间呈现线性特征,当出现宏观裂纹扩展时两者呈现非线性关系.声发射监测数据显示,声发射信号的幅度、撞击累积数、相对能量等特征参量的动态变化可以反映出复合材料Ⅰ型分层损伤破坏过程.风电叶片复合材料声发射检测中可以依据信号的特征参量变化判断复合材料结构的损伤破坏程度.     

木基复合材料破坏过程中声发射特性的研究

利用声发射监测系统获取了胶合板和贴面刨花板两种木基复合材料三点弯曲加载状态下断裂损伤的声发射信号。利用累计能量和振铃总计数两项声发射信号特征参量分析了胶合板和贴面刨花板损伤破坏过程及其特点;利用幅值和有效电压（RMS）研究了随挠度增大胶合板和贴面刨花板内部裂纹产生、扩展、宏观裂纹形成至断裂的过程。结果表明:声发射信号的幅值、有效电压、累计能量、振铃总计数等参量可以有效表征木基复合材料内部损伤演化过程;贴面刨花板的断裂损伤发生早于胶合板,且贴面刨花板的损伤演化过程分为线弹性阶段和断裂韧性阶段,胶合板分为线弹性阶段、非线性变形阶段和断裂韧性阶段。     

纤维复合材料分层缺陷演化声发射行为

对含内置分层缺陷的玻璃纤维复合材料进行3点弯曲实验,并利用声发射实时监测其破坏过程,获得复合材料弯曲损伤的力学性能、破坏特性和声发射响应行为.实验研究表明:玻璃纤维复合材料试件加载过程中载荷与挠度曲线呈非线性关系,加载破坏过程中伴随着基体开裂、纤维断裂等损伤模式.试件的失效载荷随内置分层缺陷面积的增大而减小,含分层复合材料试件声发射撞击累积数和相对能量高于无缺陷试件.纤维复合材料的分层缺陷演化及其破坏行为与对应声发射信号幅值、撞击累积数、相对能量等特征参数具有一定的相关性.     

预应力混凝土梁损伤类型判别的试验研究

混凝土梁破坏过程中细部机理复杂,破坏源释放的声发射信号掺杂了多种破坏模式下的声发射信号。为方便声发射探伤的工程应用,需要对混合的声发射信号进行筛分,并最终将筛分归类的声发射信号与破坏模式相对应。利用SAEU2S声发射信号采集仪,采集混凝土试验梁在集中荷载作用下的全过程声发射信号,并通过设定开裂弯矩,提取正常使用阶段的声发射信号进行分析。通过两个基本假设,采用循环试算的方法,对声发射信号进行归类。结果表明:持续时间、能量、振铃计数等参数之间具有显著的相关性,能够相互替代。用持续时间对相关性显著的信号进行筛分,以持续时间为主要滤值,振铃计数、能量为次要滤值滤除不相关的信号,最终按照分布特征的不同将正常使用阶段的声发射信号分为14种类型,并给出了相关的频谱分析。滤除的信号在总量中约占5.3%的比例。研究结论有助于进一步进行分析研究声发射信号与损伤机理的对应关系,为实际工程中的损伤预警提供参考。     

深部灰岩劈裂破坏的声发射损伤表征

开展深部岩石的损伤破裂信息识别研究对岩体稳定性监测预警具有重要的指导意义。通过开展深部灰岩巴西劈裂声发射试验,分析了试验采集到的声发射实测全波形演化特征,在信号频域内提取了波形的主频,在时域内计算了特征参数的RA-AF值。研究结果表明:通过声发射实测全波形,可将岩石损伤过程细分为微损伤萌生阶段,裂纹扩展阶段和结构破坏阶段;低幅值波形多为连续型信号,高幅值波形则多为突发型信号;声发射频谱结构与损伤量及损伤程度密切相关,主频具有聚类分布特征,能够对应岩石微观及宏观破坏;基于声发射主频划分的RA-AF分界线,促进了声发射信号表征岩石破裂模式由定性分析向定量分析的转变。     

纤维混凝土试件拉伸损伤声发射监测

研究不同纤维长度和掺量的水泥基复合材料拉伸实验,材料内部微结构破坏的声发射特性。结果表明,加载初期,拉应力较小,试件处于弹性阶段,混凝土内部没有新增损伤,故未接收到声发射信号;加载中期,随着拉应力的增大,混凝土内部出现较少损伤,声发射信号逐渐增多;加载后期,拉应力继续增大,混凝土内部损伤程度加大,声发射信号急剧增加,至试件断裂时,声发射信号达到最大。相应的纤维混凝土断裂过程包括:弹性阶段、开裂阶段、裂缝发展阶段、断裂阶段。     

金属疲劳裂纹声发射特性分析及检测概率研究

声发射信号特征参数可以反映结构损伤过程,针对声发射技术对结构损伤的检测概率问题,以金属疲劳裂纹检测试验为基础,首先利用声发射特征参数的趋势分析和关联分析法,对采集到的声发射信号进行了处理与分析;其次,根据贝叶斯理论,计算了声发射对一定长度疲劳裂纹的检测概率,可为利用声发射技术进行金属疲劳损伤检测时的信号分析,以及完善航空结构裂纹检测概率曲线手册提供参考。     

基于小波能谱系数的耐火材料损伤分析

为弄清镁碳质耐火材料在加载破坏过程中的损伤演化,利用小波变换对不同损伤阶段的典型声发射信号进行分析.采用小波特征能谱系数描述信号能量在各个频率范围的分布情况,得出耐火材料不同损伤阶段的破坏形式以及各损伤阶段所呈现出来的特性.结果表明,不同损伤阶段的信号能量分布特征存在明显的差异,利用小波特征能谱系数分析法能够有效地提取声发射源信号的特征并确定耐火材料的损伤类型.     

钢制试件拉伸断裂及疲劳开裂声发射特征分析

设计钢制试件拉伸断裂和疲劳开裂两种损伤过程的声发射监测试验,对采集到的声发射信号进行参数分析,结合红外热成像检测结果,研究声发射信号特征参数与试验过程中试件力学行为之间的相关性.研究结果表明:拉伸断裂和疲劳开裂过程中试件声发射信号的能量、振铃计数、幅值等声发射信号特征参数能够很好地表征试件损伤过程的力学性能演化规律;试件出现损伤时所发出的声发射信号能量幅值主要分布在65～80 dB;声发射技术用于工程结构的健康监测是可行和有效的.     

低碳钢疲劳损伤声发射检测的概率熵研究

研究利用声发射技术对低碳钢的疲劳损伤进行检测和评估。首先,基于声发射技术对材料微损伤事件的高敏感性,针对经不同次数动态循环加载后的低碳钢试样,通过采集静载下的声发射信号检测材料的疲劳损伤状态;其次,针对所采集的海量声发射信号,按其幅值大小进行统计分析,构建一个能够表征损伤能量尺度特征和时间序列特征的二维矩阵,进而通过对该矩阵的分析研究低碳钢在不同次数循环加载下的损伤演化特征;最后,通过计算声发射信号按幅值统计后的概率熵描述材料疲劳后的损伤演化特征。通过试验并辅以对材料断面的扫描电镜观测,获得的结果为低碳钢在不同疲劳载荷后的损伤概率熵曲线具有差异性,这提示基于声发射检测的损伤概率熵有望成为表征材料疲劳损伤状态的有效参量。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that