Magnetic and flotation studies of banded hematite quartzite (BHQ) ore for the production of pellet grade concentrate

To identify and establish beneficiation techniques for banded hematite quartzite (BHQ) iron ore, a comprehensive research on BHQ ore treatment was carried out. The BHQ ore was assayed as 38.9wt% Fe, 42.5wt% SiO₂, and 1.0wt% Al₂O₃. In this ore, hematite and quartz are present as the major mineral phases where goethite, martite, and magnetite are present in small amounts. The liberation of hematite particles can be enhanced to about 82% by reducing the particle size to below 63 μm. The rejection of silica particles can be obtained by magnetic and flotation separation techniques. Overall, the BHQ ore can be enriched to 65.3wt% Fe at 61.9% iron recovery. A flowsheet has been suggested for the commercial exploitation of the BHQ ore.     

Upgrading and dephosphorization of Western Australian iron ore using reduction roasting by adding sodium carbonate

The technology of direct reduction by adding sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and magnetic separation was developed to treat Western Australian high phosphorus iron ore. The iron ore and reduced product were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that phosphorus exists within limonite in the form of solid solution, which cannot be removed through traditional ways. During reduction roasting, Na₂CO₃ reacts with gangue minerals (SiO₂ and Al₂O₃), forming aluminum silicate-containing phosphorus and damaging the ore structure, which promotes the separation between iron and phosphorus during magnetic separation. Meanwhile, Na₂CO₃ also improves the growth of iron grains, increasing the iron grade and iron recovery. The iron concentrate, assaying 94.12wt% Fe and 0.07wt% P at the iron recovery of 96.83% and the dephosphorization rate of 74.08%, is obtained under the optimum conditions. The final product (metal iron powder) after briquetting can be used as the burden for steelmaking by an electric arc furnace to replace scrap steel.     

Effectiveness of sodium silicate as gangue depressants in iron ore slimes flotation

The recovery of iron from the screw classifier overflow slimes by direct flotation was studied. The relative effectiveness of sodium silicates with different silica-to-soda mole ratios as depressants for silica and silicate bearing minerals was investigated. Silica-to-soda mole ratio and silicate dosage were found to have significant effect on the separation efficiency. The results show that an increase of Fe content in the concentrate is observed with concomitant reduction in SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ levels when a particular type of sodium silicate at a proper dosage is used. The concentrate of 58.89wt% Fe, 4.68wt% SiO₂, and 5.28wt% Al₂O₃ with the weight recovery of 38.74% and the metal recovery of 41.13% can be obtained from the iron ore slimes with 54.44wt% Fe, 6.72wt% SiO₂, and 6.80wt% Al₂O₃, when Na₂SiO₃ with a silica-to-soda mole ratio of 2.19 is used as a depressant at a feed rate of 0.2 kg/t.     

Recovery of iron from high phosphorus oolitic iron ore using coal-based reduction followed by magnetic separation

Oolitic iron ore is one of the most important iron resources. This paper reports the recovery of iron from high phosphorus oolitic iron ore using coal-based reduction and magnetic separation. The influences of reduction temperature, reduction time, C/O mole ratio, and CaO content on the metallization degree and iron recovery were investigated in detail. Experimental results show that reduced products with the metallization degree of 95.82% could be produced under the optimal conditions (i.e., reduction temperature, 1250℃; reduction time, 50 min; C/O mole ratio, 2.0; and CaO content, 10wt%). The magnetic concentrate containing 89.63wt% Fe with the iron recovery of 96.21% was obtained. According to the mineralogical and morphologic analysis, the iron minerals had been reduced and iron was mainly enriched into the metallic iron phase embedded in the slag matrix in the form of spherical particles. Apatite was also reduced to phosphorus, which partially migrated into the metallic iron phase.     

新型捕收剂在赤铁矿反浮选中的应用

通过人工混合矿和实际矿石分选实验探讨了N-十二烷基乙二胺(ND)在赤铁矿反浮选中的应用情况.实验结果表明.ND对赤铁矿和石英质量比为1:1和3:2的人工混合矿均具有一定的分选能力.在矿浆pH值为7.27、淀粉的质量浓度为3.33 mg/L、捕收剂的质量浓度为40 mg/L时,可获得铁的质量分数为60.36%和61.20...     

A novel process for Fe recovery and Zn,Pb removal from a low-grade pyrite cinder with high Zn and Pb contents

Comprehensive utilization of pyrite cinders is increasingly important because of their huge annual outputs and potential valuable metals recovery to cope with the gradual depletion of high-grade mineral resources. In this work, a new process, i.e., a high-temperature chlorination-magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation process, was proposed for recovering Fe and removing Zn, Pb from a low-grade pyrite cinder containing 49.90wt% Fe, 1.23wt% Zn, and 0.29wt% Pb. Various parameters, including the chlorinating conditions (dosage of CaCl₂, temperature, and time) and the magnetization roasting conditions (amount of coal, temperature, and time) were investigated. The results indicate that the proposed process is effective for Fe recovery and Zn, Pb removal from the pyrite cinder. Through this process, 97.06% Zn, 96.82% Pb, and approximately 90% S can be removed, and 89.74% Fe is recovered as magnetite into the final product under optimal conditions. A purified magnetite concentrate containing 63.07wt% Fe, 0.16wt% P, 0.26wt% S, and trace amounts of nonferrous metals (0.005wt% Cu, 0.013wt% Pb, and 0.051wt% Zn) was obtained. The concentrate can be potentially used as a high-quality feed material for producing oxidized pellets by blending with other high-grade iron ore concentrates.     

煤种对钛磁铁矿直接还原-磁选钛铁分离的影响

研究了烟煤和无烟煤对海滨钛磁铁矿直接还原-磁选钛铁分离的影响机理.结果表明,在试验用量范围内,两种煤对还原铁指标的影响规律相近,煤用量低时钛磁铁矿还原不充分.随煤用量增加,被还原的金属铁越来越多,但粒度较小,与其他颗粒嵌布紧密,因此还原铁Fe品位低,Ti O2品位高,铁回收率则先提高后基本不变.所有煤用量下所得金属铁颗粒均纯净.和无烟煤相比,烟煤固定碳较低,还原气氛较弱,但灰分较高,有利于金属铁颗粒的聚集长大;因此相同用量的烟煤为还原剂时,焙烧矿中金属铁颗粒较少,但粒度较大,还原铁中Fe品位较高,铁回收率较低,Ti O2品位较低.     

几种捕收剂对鲕状赤铁矿的反浮选试验比较

针对贵州赫章鲕状赤铁矿,分别采用了十二胺、GE-609、RAP-138及GE-609和RAP-138混合为捕收剂对鲕状铁矿进行了反浮选试验。其中当十二胺为捕收剂时,精矿铁品位较低;GE-609为捕收剂时,精矿铁品位较高,但磷含量也相对较高;RAP-138为捕收剂时,虽然铁品位不是太高,但磷含量得到有效降低;当GE-609和RAP-138混合为捕收剂时,精矿铁品位较高,磷含量也得到了有效的降低。     

Dolochar as a reductant in the reduction roasting of iron ore slimes

The present investigation examines the viability of dolochar, a sponge iron industry waste material, as a reductant in the reduction roasting of iron ore slimes, which are another waste generated by iron ore beneficiation plants. Under statistically determined optimum conditions, which include a temperature of 900℃, a reductant-to-feed mass ratio of 0.35, and a reduction time of 30-45 min, the roasted mass, after being subjected to low-intensity magnetic separation, yielded an iron ore concentrate of approximately 64wt% Fe at a mass recovery of approximately 71% from the feed iron ore slime assaying 56.2wt% Fe. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that the magnetic products contain magnetite and hematite as the major phases, whereas the nonmagnetic fractions contain quartz and hematite.     

Feasibility of co-reduction roasting of a saprolitic laterite ore and waste red mud

Large scale utilization is still an urgent problem for waste red mud with a high content of alkaline metal component in the future. Laterite ores especially the saprolitic laterite ore are one refractory nickel resource, the nickel and iron of which can be effectively recovered by direct reduction and magnetic separation. Alkaline metal salts were usually added to enhance reduction of laterite ores. The feasibility of co-reduction roasting of a saprolitic laterite ore and red mud was investigated. Results show that the red mud addition promoted the reduction of the saprolitic laterite ore and the iron ores in the red mud were co-reduced and recovered. By adding 35wt% red mud, the nickel grade and recovery were 4.90wt% and 95.25wt%, and the corresponding iron grade and total recovery were 71.00wt% and 93.77wt%, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis results revealed that red mud addition was helpful to increase the liquid phase and ferronickel grain growth. The chemical compositions “CaO and Na₂O” in the red mud replaced FeO to react with SiO₂ and MgSiO₃ to form augite.     

Comparison of selective flocculation of low grade goethitic iron ore fines using natural and synthetic polymers and a graft copolymer

This study aims to beneficiate low grade goethitic iron ore fines using a selective flocculation process. Selective flocculation studies were conducted using different polymers such as starch amylopectin (AP), poly acrylic acid (PAA), and a graft copolymer (AP-g-PAA). The obtained results were analyzed; they indicate the enhancement of the iron ore grade from 58.49% to 67.52% using AP-g-PAA with a recovery of 95.08%. In addition, 64.45% Fe with a recovery of 88.79% was obtained using AP. Similarly, using PAA, the grade increased to 63.46% Fe with a recovery of 82.10%. The findings are also supported by characterizing concentrates using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) techniques.     

海南某金矿尼尔森重选-浮选试验

以海南某石英脉型金矿石为原料,进行尼尔森重选-浮选试验研究.通过GRG试验得出金矿中重选可回收金质量分数为80.88%.通过条件试验确定了该矿石尼尔森重选-浮选的最佳条件为:磨矿细度-74μm占80%,相对离心力60g,反冲水压16kPa,矿浆质量分数40%,戊基黄药用量200g/t,浮选时间5 min.原矿石品位9.8g/t,利用尼尔森选矿机一次分选可得品位230g/t,金回收率80.30%的重选精矿.重选尾矿品位2.0g/t,经过一次粗选一次精选三次扫选处理,可得浮选精矿品位57.3g/t,浮选金作业回收率75.66%.经尼尔森重选-浮选流程处理后,尾矿金品位降至0.5g/t,全流程金总回收率95.21%.     

Beneficiation of the gold bearing ore by gravity and flotation

Gold concentration usually consists of gravity separation, flotation, cyanidation, or the combination of these processes. The choice among these processes depends on the mineralogical characterization and gold content of the ore. Recently, the recovery of gold using gravity methods has gained attention because of low cost and environmentally friendly operations. In this study, gold pre-concentrates were produced by the stepwise gravity separation and flotation techniques. The Knelson concentrator and conventional flotation were employed for the recovery of gold. Gold bearing ore samples were taken from Gümüşhane Region, northern east part of Turkey. As a result of stepwise Knelson concentration experiments, a gold concentrate assaying around 620 g/t is produced with 41.4wt% recovery. On the other hand, a gold concentrate about 82 g/t is obtained with 89.9wt% recovery from a gold ore assaying 6 g/t Au by direct flotation.     

N-十二烷基-1,3-丙二胺在赤铁矿反浮选中的应用

通过单矿物试验考察了N-十二烷基-1,3-丙二胺(ND13)对赤铁矿和石英的浮选行为,结果表明,ND13对石英具有良好的捕收性能,在捕收剂用量为50mg/L,pH=7～10时,石英回收率达93%以上.人工混合矿分选试验结果表明,ND13对赤铁矿和石英质量比为1∶1(铁品位为35%)的人工混合矿具有一定的分选效果,在ND13用量为66.7mg/L,淀粉用量为6.67mg/L,pH=7.27的条件下,达到较好的分选效果,此时精矿中铁的回收率为86.35%,精矿的铁品位为62.78%,尾矿的铁品位为9.21%.动电位和红外光谱分析结果表明,ND13主要以静电和氢键作用在矿物表面发生吸附.     

Oxide coating mechanism during fluidized bed reduction: solid-state reaction characteristics between iron ore particles and MgO

Experiments on the solid-state reaction between iron ore particles and MgO were performed to investigate the coating mechanism of MgO on the iron ore particles’ surface during fluidized bed reduction. MgO powders and iron ore particles were mixed and compressed into briquettes and, subsequently, roasted at different temperatures and for different time periods. A Mg-containing layer was observed on the outer edge of the iron ore particles when the roasting temperature was greater than 1173 K. The concentration of Fe in the Mg-containing layer was evenly distributed and was approximately 10wt%, regardless of the temperature change. Boundary layers of Mg and Fe were observed outside of the iron ore particles. The change in concentration of Fe in the boundary layers was simulated using a gas–solid diffusion model, and the diffusion coefficients of Fe and Mg in these layers at different temperatures were calculated. The diffusion activation energies of Fe and Mg in the boundary layers in these experiments were evaluated to be approximately 176 and 172 kJ/mol, respectively.     

Ferronickel enrichment by fine particle reduction and magnetic separation from nickel laterite ore

Ferronickel enrichment and extraction from nickel laterite ore were studied through reduction and magnetic separation. Reduction experiments were performed using hydrogen and carbon monoxide as reductants at different temperatures (700–1000°C). Magnetic separation of the reduced products was conducted using a SLon-100 cycle pulsating magnetic separator (1.2 T). Composition analysis indicates that the nickel laterite ore contains a total iron content of 22.50wt% and a total nickel content of 1.91wt%. Its mineral composition mainly consists of serpentine, hortonolite, and goethite. During the reduction process, the grade of nickel and iron in the products increases with increasing reduction temperature. Although a higher temperature is more favorable for reduction, the temperature exceeding 1000°C results in sintering of the products, preventing magnetic separation. After magnetic separation, the maximum total nickel and iron concentrations are 5.43wt% and 56.86wt%, and the corresponding recovery rates are 84.38% and 53.76%, respectively.     

锡林浩特石灰窑花岗岩型铷多金属矿床中铷矿石选矿实验研究

铷金属是非常重要的稀有金属之一,不仅在军事工业和科学技术领域,而且在民用领域有着广泛的用途.随着我国国民经济高速增长,对铷矿产品需求不断加大.我国最近在内蒙古锡林浩特石灰窑地区发现一大型花岗岩型铷多金属矿床,其初步探明的铷总金属量超过8.7×10~5t,Rb_2O平均品位0.163%.矿石中铷主要赋存于云母类矿物和微斜长石中.由于长石中的铷很难提取,为高效回收该铷矿资源,本研究采用富集云母类矿物的方式进行了铷回收实验研究.结果表明,矿石在浮选探索实验中,随着混合胺用量或水玻璃的增加,铷粗精矿的回收率逐渐提高,当混合胺超过150 g/t或者水玻璃超过1 200 g/t后,回收率增幅较小,确定混合胺用量以150 g/t或水玻璃用量以1 200 g/t为宜,最终可取得Rb_2O品位1.59%,回收率约为62.92%的铷精矿.实验指标较好,可实现铷的高效回收.     

广西金牙难浸金矿的工艺矿物学研究

为了给含砷金矿的提金工艺流程提供理论依据,对广西金牙金矿的矿石开展了工艺矿物学研究.该矿是典型的含砷难浸复杂金矿,矿石含Au为6.28 g/t,含Ag为1.37 g/t.As的质量分数为0.58%,S的质量分数为3.10%,C的质量分数为1.76%,其中有机碳的质量分数为0.21%.金精矿含Au为52.61 g/t,含Ag为6.00 g/t.As的质量分数11.32%,S的质量分数为29.32%,C的质量分数为0.35%.矿石中的主要金属矿物为毒砂、黄铁矿,其次有方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铜矿等.载金矿物主要有毒砂、黄铁矿;金的赋存形态为次显微金;矿石的有害组分为砷、碳质和黏土矿物.含砷矿物是以毒砂、...     

一种难选铁矿石磁选精矿直接反浮选的分散特征

介绍了一种处理难选铁矿石磁选精矿的直接反浮选工艺.采用XRD,SEM和EDS等手段对原矿、精矿和尾矿的形貌及矿物组成进行了表征,重点探讨了分离过程中矿物的分散特征,为含碳酸盐难选铁矿石磁选精矿的直接反浮选技术提供理论基础.研究结果表明,采用添加分散剂直接反浮选技术可以获得合格铁精矿;有用铁矿物和脉石矿物细颗粒无选择性粘附在有用铁矿物和脉石粗颗粒表面,是造成铁矿石分离困难的主要原因;分散剂的加入有利于颗粒分散,从而实现了有用铁矿物与脉石矿物的选择性分离.     

寡养单胞属菌株USTB-2对赤铁矿的捕收效果及机理

对从司家营铁矿场土壤中筛选出来的非致病性寡养单胞属菌株USTB-2作为赤铁矿的捕收剂进行了研究.Zeta电位测试知该菌在较大pH范围内带负电.经菌体USTB-2作用后，赤铁矿接触角增加了3395°，表面疏水性得到了极大的提高.在pH为6，菌体添加量为60g/t时，赤铁矿浮选回收率可达到7631%.机理研究表明，菌体USTB-2表面具有的烃类物质、羧基、磷酸基团使其具有类似脂肪酸类捕收剂的特性，通过“桥联”作用促进赤铁矿颗粒之间形成絮团；这证实寡养单胞属细菌USTB-2可以充当赤铁矿捕收剂.