具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

不同含水量对煤吸附甲烷的影响

运用Langmuir单分子层吸附理论,分析了煤对甲烷吸附能力受其含水量的影响利用WY - 98B型瓦斯常数测定仪,分别对2种煤样在不同含水量时吸附甲烷气体的等温吸附曲线、Langmuir压力、吸附常数a,b进行了定性与定量分析,得出了煤对甲烷吸附量随压力的变化关系式及Langmuir吸附常数a,b随煤样内水含量变化的关系式研究结果表明:含水煤样依然满足Langmuir单分子层吸附理论,吸附常数a,b与煤样中含水量的变化之间存在着一定相关性     

老年性痴呆病发病机理的研究近况

为适应当今老龄化社会对老年性痴呆病的防治需要，从载脂蛋白E(ApoE)、tau蛋白、β-淀粉样肽及其前体蛋白、遗传因素、代谢因素几个方面对老年性痴呆(Alzheimer’s Disease，AD)的病因、病机作了描述．使人们在微观和宏观领域对AD有更清晰完全的认识。     

利用Mathematica探讨环面上测地线的数值解法

本文主要讨论空间环面上的测地线问题,提出了环面的定义以及定理,并运用这些定义以及定理研究环面上的测地线,并且进一步讨论空间环面上的测地线的数值解法。     

香波中硅油在头发上的沉积作用

通过全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱仪和萃取 - 称量方法研究了表面活性剂和阳离子高分子聚合物对香波中硅油沉积量的影响,分析了硅油沉积量与香波调理性之间的关系.结果表明:萃取V- 称量法可以准确测定硅油在头发上的沉积量;主体表面活性剂、辅助表面活性剂和阳离子高分子聚合物均影响硅油在头发上的吸附;香波的调理性随着硅油在头发上沉积量的增加而改善.     

分散剂对高效吸油树脂性能的影响

近年来,我国大多数油田已进入中,高含水期。油田采出水水量的日益增加,有效的含油废水净化材料的研究开发势在必行。高效吸油树脂是一种自溶胀型的吸油材料,本文以甲基丙烯酸长链酯为单体,MBA为交联剂,BPO为引发剂,水为分散介质,在不同分散剂的条件下,采用悬浮聚合法合成了高效吸油树脂。着重研究了在不同分散剂的条件下对高吸油性树脂吸油性能的影响,并对其进行优选,结果表明以PVA为分散剂时可取的较好的吸油效果。     

不同前处理措施对真空油炸杏鲍菇脆片品质的影响

杏鲍菇为大宗食用菌,为提高杏鲍菇利用率,开发杏鲍菇休闲食品,研究前处理工艺对真空油炸杏鲍菇品质的影响。采用控制变量法,主要考察了切片方式、切片厚度和漂烫处理对杏鲍菇脆片品质的影响。结果表明,切片方式影响显著,脆片的脆度和含油量都与切片厚度呈现正相关关系,其中2mm为较佳厚度,与L值呈现负相关关系;漂烫可灭杏鲍菇脆片中多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性,从而抑制褐变,较佳漂烫处理方式为95℃、90s。     

颗粒度对纯铁气体氮化生成物的影响

分别以不同颗粒度的纯铁铁粉为研究对象，进行气体渗氮．通过各种渗氮条件下的氮化实验，系统地研究了颗粒度对纯铁氮化行为的影响，研究结果表明：在气体氮化实验中，纯铁铁粉氮化后所形成的氮化物的相组成及含量与颗粒度有关，细化后的铁粉由于表面能及晶界、位错等缺陷的增加，为氮原子的渗入提供了有利条件，当粒径减小为原来的1／10后，临界渗氮温度可以至少下降50℃，并且相同温度下的渗氮速度明显提高。     

基于FDS的火灾产物对人员疏散影响的研究

研究火灾产物对人员疏散的影响,首先使用火灾数值模拟软件Pyrosim对某教学楼一层全尺寸模型的火灾数值模拟分析,得到仅门开启的火灾场景下影响人员疏散的主要火灾产物数据;其次引入疏散速度系数概念,将火灾产物数据经Matlab预处理后输入Pathfinder,建立基于火灾产物影响下的人员疏散模型,对比分析考虑火灾产物影响与不考虑火灾产物影响下的疏散情况;最后将火灾模拟动画与人员疏散动画耦合,实现三维环境下火灾发展过程与人员疏散过程的可视化展示.结果表明:疏散速度系数影响下的火灾人员疏散模拟相对于不考虑速度影响的火灾疏散模拟更能真实反应火场中的人员疏散情况.     

基于自适应算法的应答器传输模块解调方法研究

当前应答器传输模块解调应答器报文采用传统的非相干解调法和相干解调法,非相干解调法简单易于实现,但抗干扰性能差,难于解决接收信号的相位延迟的问题。相干解调法抗干扰性能好;但要求设置与发送设备中的高频信号载波同频同相的本地参考载波,实现起来过于复杂,且影响解调的速率。为了解决这些不足,尝试在应答器传输模块中引入通信领域先进的自适应算法对应答器报文2FSK信号进行解调,运用Matlab仿真软件进行了解调性能分析。结果表明自适应解调算法能较好地解决传统解调算法存在的不足,取得了较好的解调效果。     

列车上应用生态厕所的初步研究

提出了在列车上应用生态厕所的学术思想并进行了初步设计,分析表明该设计方案切实可行,既可以解决线性环境污染,又能将粪便污物转化为大量的优质有机肥.