具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

滇西砂岩型铀成矿带新获矿体的铀赋存状态研究

针对中国南方最重要的砂岩型铀成矿区带——滇西腾冲地块新生代盆地群,目前正在实施的新一轮调查已取得显著进展。尤其是在龙川江盆地南部钻探发现新的工业矿体,为成矿机制研究和探索勘查方向提供了宝贵素材。鉴于滇西成矿带特殊的"构造-赋铀岩相-成矿驱动"特征,开展矿体铀赋存状态研究,对于追溯铀源区、重建叠加成矿过程、建立找矿标志和矿床开发利用都具有重要意义,但相关报道鲜见。本文利用ICP-MS、电子探针定量分析和高分辨扫描电镜等手段,对龙川江盆地南部团田地区最新钻获的矿体岩心开展铀赋存状态分析。结果表明,该地区铀矿物以铀石为主,存在铀钍石、独居石等含铀矿物。铀矿物主要以微细粒侵染状赋存于填隙物处、吸附于碎屑矿物表面,少数以铀石微粒集合体形式赋存于蚀变黑云母、石英等矿物颗粒的裂隙中。面扫描影像显示出矿化段铀元素与钍、稀土元素钇具有正相关的分布特征,指示龙川江盆地团田地区砂岩型铀矿体物源区岩石Th、稀土元素Y含量可能具有较高本底值,对于追索物源区具有一定指示意义。龙川江盆地铀源供给存在多源性、多期性可能。     

南方某铀矿提铀工艺发展

介绍南方某高含泥铀矿提U工艺发展过程.初期矿石经简单破碎后采用粗放型堆浸,效果不理想;经研究采用破碎分级粉矿酸性造粒堆浸,从根本上解决了该矿石渗透性差,不能直接堆浸的难题,酸性造粒有独到之处,铀浸出效果好;由于该工艺复杂、作业劳动强度大、卫生条件差,也受天气影响生产等问题,因而又研究出了粉矿和精矿搅拌浸出、粗粒堆浸的组合工艺,提高了提铀的工艺水平和效益.     

诸广308铀矿床矿物学特征及铀的赋存状态研究

308铀矿床产于诸广花岗岩体中,铀矿物以沥青铀矿为主,其次为铀石。脉石矿物有微晶石英、绿泥石、水云母、萤石等;金属矿物有黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、赤铁矿以及副矿物锆石、金红石、磷灰石等。沥青铀矿在矿石中呈斑点状、粒状、环状、脉状,矿石结构以粒状结构为主,矿石构造多为浸染状构造。铀主要以独立铀矿物形式存在,生长于矿物裂隙及边缘。     

赣南鹿井矿田铀成矿远景预测

鹿井地区铀矿勘查工作始于1958年,至20世纪90年代结束,已落实为鹿井铀矿田.2009～2012年间核工业270研究所在该区开展了铀成矿潜力评价及普查找矿工作,取得了一系列的勘查成果.介绍了鹿井铀矿田的地质概况及地球物理场和地球化学场特征.重点介绍了区域布格重力场特征;区域航磁异常特征;航空伽玛能谱场特征.根据遥感影象资料,认为丰州盆地正好处在一个大的环形构造中,而且在盆地西北部,也可清晰的见到较小的环形构造.结合环形构造的边缘分布有花岗岩杂岩体,鹿井矿田铀矿床与火山塌陷中的环状花岗岩杂岩紧密相伴,铀矿体主要分布在环状杂岩体顶部、旁侧等接触变异部位.丰州盆地具有较好的铀成矿远景.     

某铀矿床酸法地浸采铀工艺中几个不利因素的分析

酸法地浸采铀工艺对矿床的地质和水文地质条件有较高的要求．本文在介绍某铀矿床酸法地浸采铀现场试验过程及结果的基础上,分析了碳酸盐、粘土矿物以及地下水矿化度对酸法地浸采铀工艺的不利影响．     

河北青龙铀矿田铀矿物特征

为研究青龙铀矿田铀矿物特征,通过岩矿测试、放射性照相、X射线粉晶分析和电子探针分析等方法,对矿田中铀矿石的铀存在形式、结构构造、化学组成进行了研究。结果显示,铀以吸附、单矿物、铀酰络合物形式存在,形态有超显微粒状、显微粒状、似细脉状三种。沥青铀矿富集Th、TREE等,而其他化学成分如H_2O、SiO_2、Pb等的含量,因不同矿床而差异明显。铀矿石中沥青铀矿为主要铀矿物,其成分单一,铀含量均较高,但433矿床和434矿床中沥青铀矿Pb含量相差很大,反映了该矿田存在多物源、多成矿作用。本研究成果为铀矿选冶及铀成矿研究提供依据。     

蒙其古尔铀矿床砂岩型铀矿生物成矿作用探讨

蒙其古尔铀矿床是伊犁盆地南缘铀资源量最大的砂岩型铀矿床,关于该矿床的成因机理,也一直是铀矿地质学界关注的焦点。通过对该矿床含矿地层的地球化学特征、黏土矿物特征进行分析研究,以及对黄铁矿硫同位素的分析测试,认为在铀成矿过程中有还原物质的参与,而且该还原物质与生物作用有一定关系。生物作用参与成矿可能是蒙其古尔铀矿床矿体品位较高的重要原因。     

青海省查查香卡铀矿床矿石特征及铀的存在形式研究

铀矿石特征和铀存在形式有助于查查香卡铀矿床成因和成矿过程的研究。查查香卡铀矿石地质特征分析和显微研究表明铀矿石主要为糜棱岩化斜长角闪岩、碎裂岩、角砾岩及正长花岗岩,矿石经历了韧性和脆性变形,铀矿物与长英质脉体关系密切,呈脉状分布。矿石放射性径迹、化学分析显示,矿石中铀矿物主要以铌钛铀矿为主,其次为晶质铀矿、铀钍矿及钍铀矿物,矿石U含量与Th、Nb、Ce、La和稀土总量呈正相关性,其中Nb、Ce、La、Th含量可达工业品位。综合分析,查查香卡铀矿床至少发育两期铀矿化,前期为独立铀矿化期或者铀钍矿化期,后期为铀、钍稀土综合矿化期。