304不锈钢双极板性能研究

以304不锈钢做为研究对象,测定了其在模拟PEMFC环境下的极化曲线,极化时间分别为4h和10h的交流阻抗谱,用伏安法测量了304不锈钢表面氧化膜／钝化膜与碳纸之间的接触电阻。实验结果表明,304不锈钢能够钝化且钝化电流密度低于16μA·cm^-2;随着极化时间增加,不锈钢表面生成的钝化膜的界面极化电阻增加,表面钝化膜有增厚的趋势;经过恒电位极化后,304不锈钢的钝化膜与碳纸的接触电阻显著增加,模拟阴极环境的接触电阻大干模拟阳极环境的接触电阻。     

304不锈钢双极板在模拟PEMFC环境中的性能

为降低质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的生产成本,选择成本低廉、强度高、化学稳定性好的不锈钢材料替代传统的石墨双极板.以304不锈钢为研究对象,采用电化学方法测定其在模拟PEMFC环境下的极化曲线和对应于PEMFC工作电位下的恒电流极化曲线,用伏安法测量304不锈钢表面氧化膜/钝化膜与碳纸之间的接触电阻.结果表明,在模拟PEMFC环境中,304不锈钢钝化电流密度低于16μA/cm2,电流没有出现明显的波动;304不锈钢在模拟PEMFC环境中表面生成的钝化膜的接触电阻大于空气中形成的氧化膜的接触电阻.     

电沉积铅改性304不锈钢双极板在模拟PEMFC环境中的性能

为提高304不锈钢双极板的耐腐蚀性能,分别采用直流和脉冲电刷镀铅对其表面改性.采用电化学方法测定了改性前后304不锈钢在模拟PEMFC环境下的极化曲线,在扫描电镜 (SEM) 下观察了模拟腐蚀后的表面形貌,并用伏安法测量了改性前后304不锈钢的接触电阻.在模拟PEMFC环境中,改性后304不锈钢自腐蚀电流密度由10.83μA/cm2下降至6.18μA/cm2.经200h模拟腐蚀后,304不锈钢表面发生点蚀,而改性不锈钢板表面完整,未观察到明显腐蚀.改性后的接触电阻也有所降低.结果表明,电沉积铅能有效提高304不锈钢在模拟PEMFC环境中的耐腐蚀性能,可望满足PEMFC环境下长期耐腐蚀的要求.     

304和316L不锈钢的高温电化学腐蚀行为

通过模拟压水堆一回路水环境,研究了溶液温度和溶氧量(DO)对304和316L不锈钢高温电化学腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:随着溶液温度升高,在304和316L不锈钢表面所形成的氧化膜的保护性能降低;随着DO升高,304和316L不锈钢的自腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流密度降低,钝化区缩小;304和316L不锈钢表面形成了双层氧化膜,外层氧化膜颗粒尺寸和颗粒间隙随着温度的升高而增大,随着DO增加而减小;在所用实验条件下,316L不锈钢表现出比304更优异的抗腐蚀性能.     

模拟地热水环境中304不锈钢管材的结垢与腐蚀电化学行为

基于地热水输送过程中金属管道材料出现的腐蚀结垢问题,研究了模拟地热水(我国中部平原地热水的环境条件)中304不锈钢管材的结垢和电化学腐蚀行为. 结果表明,304不锈钢管在模拟地热水环境中的结垢过程分为结晶成核和晶核生长两个阶段,结晶成核阶段消耗结垢离子的速度比晶核生长阶段更快,304不锈钢管道表面结垢层的微观形貌为不规则的"稻草"状,地热水温度的变化促进了304不锈钢材料在模拟地热水中的点蚀敏感性,其表面钝化膜的保护性也随地热水温度的升高而降低.     

304不锈钢在模拟压水堆一回路水中高温电化学腐蚀行为

通过模拟压水堆一回路水环境,研究了氯离子浓度和溶解氧对304不锈钢高温电化学腐蚀行为的影响.动电位极化曲线结果表明,氯离子浓度主要影响高电位下的二次钝化效应,低电位下影响效果不明显,结合X射线光电子能谱对氧化膜元素成分的分析发现二次钝化效应与氧化膜中Fe/Cr元素含量比密切相关.电化学阻抗谱和扫描电镜结果表明,随着氯离子浓度增加,氧化膜阻抗逐渐降低,表面外层氧化物颗粒和间隙逐渐增大,耐腐蚀性能降低.随着溶解氧含量的升高,304自腐蚀电位逐渐升高,钝化电流密度降低,钝化区间缩小,表面氧化膜阻抗逐渐增加.     

静水压力对304不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

利用自制的腐蚀实验高压釜模拟深海低温高压化学环境,研究静水压力对304不锈钢腐蚀行为影响机制.利用电化学工作站对腐蚀过程进行原位检测和加速实验,得到交流阻抗谱和动电位极化曲线,通过等效电路拟合和Tafel外推法对数据进行处理.分析了腐蚀发生的热力学倾向和动力学过程,讨论了钝化膜状态对腐蚀的影响.常压环境下,自腐蚀电位高,容抗弧半径较小.氧气等气体分子容易在304不锈钢表面吸附,增大腐蚀发生的热力学倾向.随着静水压力的增加,自腐蚀电位变化不大,压力变化不会导致钝化膜性质的改变.但腐蚀电流密度从3.838×10-8 A/cm2增加到1.197×10-7 A/cm2,容抗弧半径减小,金属/钝化膜/溶液之间电位差降低,钝化膜溶解速率大于生长速率,导致钝化膜厚度减小,使304不锈钢腐蚀加剧.     

不锈钢阳极钝化行为的电化学调制光谱研究

利用电化学调制光谱,并结合电化学稳态法和交流阻抗技术,研究了304不锈钢在含Cl~-离子介质中的阳极钝化行为。初步结果是:当不锈钢处于阳极钝化区,其表面钝化膜的化学组分、价态及介电性质等随电化学环境的不同,而发生复杂的变化;在不同的电位区,其表面组分富集不同;钝化膜中的物质价态随电位正移,从低价态向高价态过渡变化;介质中的Cl~-离子对钝化膜中组分具有选择性的活化溶解作用,这种作用可从离点腐蚀特征电位较远的低电位区开始,且随电位的正移而愈趋强烈。     

温度对SUS304与SUS430不锈钢耐腐蚀性及其钝化膜半导体性能的影响

使用SUS304与SUS430不锈钢作为研究材料,应用动电位极化曲线、交流阻抗谱(EIS)和电容电位法(Mott-Schottky)等电化学研究方法,对比研究了SUS304与SUS430不锈钢在1mol/L的NaHCO3溶液中、20~80℃温度内的腐蚀性能及其钝化膜半导体性能。结果表明,随着温度的升高,SUS304与SUS430不锈钢自腐蚀电流增加,溶液电阻与极化电阻减小,弥散效应增强;由M-S曲线知,在-0.5~0.5V电位区间,20~80℃温度内,SUS304与SUS430不锈钢钝化膜均表现为n型半导体性质,M-S曲线拟合直线斜率随温度的升高而降低,平带电位负移;可见在温度作用下,钝化膜半导体费米能级正移,使能级差减小而造成以氧空位为主要点缺陷的浓度增大,导致SUS304与SUS430不锈钢腐蚀加剧。其中SUS304奥氏体不锈钢比SUS430铁素体不锈钢具有较好的耐蚀性。本研究对探索腐蚀机理与选择合理的防腐新材料具有一定的借鉴作用。     

铁素体不锈钢在盐酸溶液中的腐蚀过程

利用电化学工作站,结合微观腐蚀形貌分析,研究了铁素体不锈钢在盐酸溶液中的腐蚀过程.结果表明:铁素体不锈钢在盐酸溶液中的腐蚀过程分为3个阶段:表面钝化膜的穿透、腐蚀产物膜的增厚以及阴阳极反应平衡.不锈钢在表面钝化膜的穿透和腐蚀产物膜的增厚阶段仅发生均匀腐蚀,而在反应平衡阶段不锈钢表面出现大量的晶间腐蚀和少量的点蚀.当盐酸质量分数大于10%时,铁素体不锈钢在盐酸溶液中的极化曲线钝化区完全消失,其腐蚀过程主要受阳极控制.随着盐酸质量分数的增大,溶液电阻Rs和电极反应的电荷转移电阻Rt均逐渐减小,同时腐蚀电极表面双电层结构中的充放电能力不发生改变.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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