Effect of SrCO3 addition on the dynamic compressive strength of ZTA

Ceramic parts usually experience dynamic load in armor applications. Therefore, studying the dynamic behaviors of ceramics is important. Limited data are available on the dynamic behaviors of ceramics;thus, it is helpful to predict the dynamic strength of ceramics on the basis of their mechanical properties. In this paper, the addition of SrCO3 into zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) was demonstrated to improve the fracture toughness of ZTA due to the formation of the SrAl12O19 (SA6) phase. The porosity of ZTA was found to be increased by the addition of SrCO3. These newly formed pores served as the nucleation sites of cracks under dynamic load;these cracks eventually coalesced to form damaged zones in the samples. Although the KIC values of the samples were improved, the dynamic strength was not en-hanced because of the increase in porosity;in fact, the dynamic strength of ZTA ceramics decreased with the addition of SrCO3.     

Effect of SrCO<Subscript>3</Subscript> addition on the dynamic compressive strength of ZTA

Ceramic parts usually experience dynamic load in armor applications. Therefore, studying the dynamic behaviors of ceramics is important. Limited data are available on the dynamic behaviors of ceramics; thus, it is helpful to predict the dynamic strength of ceramics on the basis of their mechanical properties. In this paper, the addition of SrCO₃ into zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) was demonstrated to improve the fracture toughness of ZTA due to the formation of the SrAl₁₂O₁₉ (SA6) phase. The porosity of ZTA was found to be increased by the addition of SrCO₃. These newly formed pores served as the nucleation sites of cracks under dynamic load; these cracks eventually coalesced to form damaged zones in the samples. Although the K IC values of the samples were improved, the dynamic strength was not enhanced because of the increase in porosity; in fact, the dynamic strength of ZTA ceramics decreased with the addition of SrCO₃.     

Dynamics and control designs for internal thermally coupled distillation columns with different purities, Part 1: Open loop dynamic behaviors

The open loop dynamic behaviors of internal thermally coupled distillation column with four different purities (low-, moderate-, high- and very high-purity) are studied. These dynamic behaviors are characterized by strong asymmetric non-linearity, high sensitivity to operation conditions change and distinct inverse response. With the increase of purity, these dynamic behaviors are intensified and become more complex, which easily lead to the mismatch between linear model and plant and also change the relationship between manipulated and controlled variables.     

Direct measurement of compression spring constant of single DNA molecule with AFM

The understanding of mechanical responses of individ-ual macromolecules under a small external load (usually F<0.5 nN) is of profound importance because the induced conformational transition can result in the change of bio-logical functions[1?3]. The advent of new instrumentations, especially the development of Pico-Newton force tech-nology, has made it possible to investigate the dynamic behavior of single biomolecule and manipulate it to make direct measurements of its elastic properties[4?…     

Precision Metrology of Micro Work-pieces on Their Tribological Performance with Error Compensation Method

The frictional properties of micro bearings have strong influence on the performance of the whole system because of tiny scale of micro-electromechanical system (MEMS). To develop micro bearings with low friction,it is important to evaluate the friction behaviors on the micro bearing. The testing system and the principle to evaluate the tribological performance of micromachining work-pieces under the load of mill Newton scale is introduced in paper “A new approach to measure the friction coefficient of mi...     

Dynamic Performance of On-off Operation for a Small Scale Direct Fired Absorption Chiller

A part load operation by turning the burner on and off intermittently is effective for a small scale direct fired absorption chiller. The dynamic performance of the system has been investigated. The relationship between pressure, temperature and concentration of the lithium bromide solution have been analyzed. The result obtained indicates that the pressure of the high pressure generator and the temperature of the exhausted smoke are the most sensitive parameters. It is also found that the transition time from a full load to a part load condition is quite long, and part load relative cooling capacity is almost near the intermittent running time ratio and oil consumption ratio.     

A Throughput-Driven Scheduling Algorithm of Differentiated Service for Web Cluster

Requests distribution is an key technology for Web cluster server. This paper presents a throughput-driven scheduling algorithm （TDSA）. The algorithm adopts the throughput of cluster back-ends to evaluate their load and employs the neural network model to predict the future load so that the scheduling system features a self-learning capability and good adaptability to the change of load. Moreover, it separates static requests from dynamic requests to make full use of the CPU resources and takes the locality of requests into account to improve the cache hit ratio. Experimental re suits from the testing tool of WebBench^TM show better per formance for Web cluster server with TDSA than that with traditional scheduling algorithms.     

Simulation on Dynamic Bending Features of Fabric Based on Fluid-Solid Interaction Technique

This paper is devoted to the two-dimensional nonlinear modeling of the fluid-solid interaction (FSI) between fabric and air flow, which is based on the Automatic Incremental Dynamic Nonlinear Analysis (AIDNA)-FSI program in order to study the dynamic bending features of fabrics in a specific air flow filed. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for flow and the finite element model (FEM) for fabric was set up to constitute an FSI model in which the geometric nonlinear behavior and the dynamic stress-strain variation of the relatively soft fabric material were taken into account. Several FSI cases with different time-dependent wind load and the model frequency analysis for fabric were carried out. The dynamic response of fabric and the distribution of fluid variables were investigated. The results of numerical simulation and experiments fit quite well. Hence, this work contributes to the research of modeling the dynamic bending behavior of fabrics in air field.     

Nonlinear Analyses of the Dynamic Properties of Hydrostatic Bearing Systems

Nonlinear analyses of hydrostatic bearing systems are necessary to adequately model the fluid-solid interaction. The dynamic properties of linear and nonlinear analytical models of hydrostatic bearings are compared in this paper. The analyses were based on the determination of the aperiodic border of transient processes with external step loads. The results show that the dynamic properties can be most effectivelyimproved by increasing the hydrostatic bearing crosspiece width and additional pocket volume in a bearing can extend the load range for which the transient process is aperiodic, but an additional restrictor and capacitor (RC) chain must be introduced for increasing damping. The nonlinear analyses can also be used to predict typical design parameters for a hydrostatic bearing.     

Performance Degradation Alarming Method Based on Local Flexural Stiffness Identification for Beams

Uncertain local flexural stiffness is recognized as one of the main barriers against the application of existing damage detection and performance degradation alarming techniques to real-world beams.Therefore,damage localization of beams with original uncertainty has been investigated to ensure their safety.For the beam before serving,it should be simply supported and subject to static load.Based on the concept of suppositional partition,a new loading pattern and mid-span displacement data processing method has been proposed.Actual local flexural stiffness value of each partition can be obtained by solving a set of linear equations.The obtained stiffness data can be used to establish the finite element model of beams.Subsequently,dynamic excitation and mode identification should be carried out for the beam in service.Mode shape curvature index is employed to detect the position of damage.It was validated by example that actual damage and original uncertainty of local flexural stiffness can be differentiated by this new method effectively.The combination of static load and dynamic excitation can keep the serviceability of beam.     

The Anomalous Response of Elastoplatic Circular Plates Under Impulsive Loading

The anomalous nonlinear elastic, perfectly plastic response behaviors of circular plate subjected to short transverse pulse load is studied. The plate is assumed fixed-pin along the boundary. 'Anomalous' here means that the final deflection may be in the direction opposite that of the load. It has been found by detailed numerical analyses that there exists anomalous response in some narrow loading ranges, so called slots. By further calculations it is shown that this special dynamic behavior is related to coupling affects of internal forces and large plastic deformation after removal loading. Further plastic dissipation will be lead to anomalous dynamic response. This phenomena could be considered as the coupling of the geometry nonlinearity, material nonlinearity,elastic effects and the irrecoverable of the plastic deformation.     

地铁列车移动荷载作用下饱和软粘土地基动力响应及长期累积变形研究

为了研究地铁列车荷载反复作用下饱和软黏土地基的动力响应和长期累积变形,本文通过进行室内固结不排水动三轴试验,得到了地基累计变形计算参数,并建立了车辆-轨道相互作用动力学模型,对列车反复荷载作用下软土地基的动力响应和累积塑性变形进行研究。研究结果表明：土体中的累积塑性应变随深度逐渐减小,同样的深度位置,累积塑性应变随荷载作用次数增加而增加;在车辆荷载作用的早期,累积变形的增长速率最大,随着荷载次数的增加,累积变形的增长速率逐渐减小,且累积变形曲线有明显的拐点。     

自由梁两端受阶跃载荷时的塑性动力响应完全解

采用刚塑性模型分析自由梁在两端点受到集中阶跃载荷作用时的小变形动力响应,给出了不同载荷组合下梁的变形模式,构造了其动力响应完全解,并讨论了塑性耗散在输入结构的能量中所占的比例.与自由梁单点受强动荷载作用不同,梁的变形模式取决于两端点阶跃载荷的某组合函数的值.结果结果表明:只要存在塑性耗散,耗散的能量就占外载输入能量的1/3.     

轴力和交变弯矩作用下双对称梁的弹塑性状态

塑性变形对管系的动力响应有重要影响。研究了承受恒定轴力和交变弯矩作用的梁的弹塑性状态 ,对具有两个正交对称轴的任意截面形状梁 ,给出了确定纯弹性、安定、低周疲劳、棘轮、坍塌破坏等各种弹塑性状态之间分界线的基本方程 ,得到了圆形、圆管形及矩形 3种截面的载荷分区图。通过载荷分区图可以直接判断在交变载荷下梁、管部件的弹塑性响应 ,对理解动力载荷下管系的塑性失效机理及能量耗散对管系动力响应的影响具有重要意义     

弹塑性本构方程的一般关系式

本文导出了比较普遍适用的弹塑性流动法则及本构方程,可以考虑应力应变模式的非线性性及其在弹性阶段和塑性阶段的非连续性;推出了正交流动法则成立的条件,并导出了塑性应变增量偏离正交方向的角度表达式以及判断变形处于硬化、软化还是理想塑性状态的计算关系式。     

连续梁的塑性承载力及变形能力研究

影响连续梁塑性变形及塑性承载力大小的因素很多,如截面形式、跨度、加载荷载方式、跨长比等,这些影响在确定塑性承载力时是不能忽视的。对比了在不同加载方式及跨长比时,连续梁的极限承载力和变形能力。结果显示,等跨单边加载与双跨加载时两者极限荷载相等,但单跨加载,达极限荷载时挠度大于两跨加载。连续梁跨度相差较大时,其极限承载力降低,对承载不利。且达极限承载力时,塑性变形能力也加大。     

刚塑性梁在任意冲击载荷下的有限变形

采用刚塑性假定,忽略应变强化和应变率的效应并考虑由于有限变形而导致的轴力的影响,研究任意时间历程冲击载荷下简支梁的塑性动力响应问题.为了简化计算,采用矩形形状的屈服条件,并将梁的运动依照塑性铰的不同分为四个不同的阶段,其中第一和第四阶段为单铰运动模式,第二和第三为两铰运动模式.最后给出了任意时刻梁运动状态和变形状态的解析表达式.研究结果表明,由于有限变形的影响,产生单铰运动模式的条件和小变形时有所不同     

圆抛物面薄壳在冲击波载荷下变形的实验研究

目的　研究中心固定支撑的圆抛物面薄壳体在爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的变形效应; 方法　将圆抛物面薄壳体置于裸装药柱产生的爆炸场中,测定在不同冲击波载荷作用下壳体表面的变形量,分析了壳体的变形特点和变形规律;通过相似理论将实验研究结果加以推广; 结果　得到了壳体变形量的有关曲线和关系式;结论　该研究结果可以为雷达天线在爆炸冲击波作用下的变形程度分析提供参数;     

既有铁路开行大轴重列车路基的动力稳定性

为研究既有铁路开行大轴重列车路基的变形和强度稳定性,选取既有线典型路基土,借助动三轴仪,试验研究了重载下路基土的累积塑性应变和临界动应力,建立了路基土累积应变的预估公式;在此基础上,通过动力有限元分析得到了重载下路基的动应力,并基于分层总和法的思想计算了路基的动力附加变形.研究表明,当路基压实系数低、饱和度高时,路基动力附加变形随列车轴重增加迅速增大,且轴重超过27 t,增大速率明显加快,但当路基压实系数大于一定条件,轴重增加对路基附加变形的影响较小;重载下路基动力附加变形的影响深度主要在2.5 m内,且显著影响深度约为1.0 m;重载下路基未发生动强度破坏情况下也会产生不能接受的永久变形.可通过提高路基压实系数(或强度)显著减少重载下路基的附加变形量和变形达到稳定的时间.     

材料和构件在循环冲击载荷下的变形断裂研究

本文综合归纳了材料和构件在循环冲击载荷下的变形、断裂规律及机理研究成果，指出材料的变形具有多系滑移难于进行、应变不均匀性大和塑性变形集中在冲击接触点的特点；材料断裂过程为裂纹萌生、扩展和最后断裂过程，组织及实验条件对材料断裂有较大影响。冲击载荷引起的冲击应力波动态效应、体积效应、缺口效应和加载点位置效应对构件的寿命有很大影响。