基于QPSCO算法的传感器优化配置

针对以曲线拟合为目标的传感器配置问题,提出了一种基于量子粒子群协同优化(Quantum-behaved particle swarms cooperative optimization,简称QPSCO)算法的传感器优化配置方法.在QPSCO算法中,采用双层的多粒子群协同优化结构,同时引入参数变异策略,在扩大搜索范围的同时加快该算法收敛;将加权最小二乘法的误差平方和引入适应度函数中,以提高传感器位置曲线的拟合精度,从而实现传感器的优化配置.实验结果表明,该方案应用于土壤信息采集系统,不仅可以达到比粒子群优化(Particle swarm optimization,简称PSO)算法和量子粒子群优化(Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization,简称QPSO)算法更好的寻优结果,而且具有比遗传算法更理想的位置拟合精度,是一种有效可行的传感器配置方法.     

求解经济负荷分配的自适应混沌粒子群算法

针对电力系统经济负荷分配(economic load dispatch,ELD)这一典型的非凸、非线性的多约束优化问题,提出一种自适应混沌粒子群算法(self adaptive chaotic particle swarm optimization,SACPSO).在混沌粒子群算法(CPSO)的基础上,先利用引入变异算子和社会因子的粒子群算法进行全局搜索,再对搜索得到的先验解进行基于Tent映射的混沌细搜索(CLS),并将逆映射回的决策变量和全局最优粒子的线性组合作为CLS的搜索结果输出.通过6机组、15机组电力系统的仿真,验证了该算法的有效性.     

混沌逃逸粒子群优化算法在WSN覆盖优化中的应用

为了寻找最优的无线传感器网络(wireless sensor networks,WSN)覆盖优化算法,保持整个网络能量的平衡,提高无线传感器网络覆盖率,在基本粒子群优化算法的基础上,提出一种基于混沌逃逸粒子群优化算法(chaotic escape particle swarm optimization,ECPSO)的WSN节点覆盖优化方法。ECPSO算法以覆盖率为优化目标,建立WSN覆盖优化数学模型来描述节点覆盖问题,利用混沌逃逸粒子群算法对数学模型进行求解,实现节点覆盖优化。仿真结果表明,ECPSO算法加快了WSN覆盖优化速度,节点分布更加均匀,提高了传感器节点的覆盖率,是一种高效的WSN节点覆盖算法。     

基于社会等级淘汰机制的GWO_PSO算法

灰狼优化(Grey wolf optimizer,GWO)算法是一种近年提出的新的群智能优化算法,为了解决其寻优精度低以及收敛速度慢的缺点,该文提出一种灰狼-粒子群智能优化(Grey wolf optimizer_particle swarm optimization,GWO_PSO)算法.采用混沌算法中的Logist...     

融合麻雀搜索机制的改进混沌海鸥优化算法

针对海鸥优化算法收敛速度偏慢、易陷入局部最优解及求解精度低等问题,提出一种融合麻雀搜索机制的改进混沌海鸥优化算法(improved chaotic seagull optimization algorithm incorporating sparrow search mechanism, PSSOA)。使用分段线性混沌映射(piecewise linear chaotic map, PWLCM)对种群进行初始化,使海鸥个体更为均匀地分布在给定空间内;改进非线性搜索因子和随机因子,加快算法收敛速度,更好地平衡算法全局搜索和局部搜索;融合麻雀算法中的麻雀飞行机制,在后期局部搜索阶段扩大个体局部寻优范围,对海鸥位置进行二次更新,帮助个体跳出局部最优,提高寻优精度。使用16个基准测试函数进行仿真实验,将PSSOA与海鸥算法(seagull optimization algorithm, SOA)、粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization, PSO)、灰狼算法(grey wolf optimizer, GWO)和海洋捕食者算法(marine predators algo...     

认知无线Mesh网络中一种有效的多目标优化频谱分配算法

研究认知无线Mesh网络中多目标优化的频谱分配问题,即最大化总带宽和最小化占用频谱数.利用粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization algorithm,PSO)在多目标优化方面的优势,提出基于PSO的多目标优化频谱分配算法PSOSA.PSOSA算法不仅考虑频谱之间的差异,而且重新定义PSO的粒子及粒子的3种运算规则.仿真结果表明:PSOSA算法能在最大化总带宽的同时,最小化频谱占用数.     

融合和声搜索的混沌粒子群优化算法及工业应用

针对粒子群算法在优化过程中容易出现"早熟"现象,提出一种融合和声搜索及混沌的改进混合粒子群优化算法。混沌粒子群算法运行稳定,具有较好的鲁棒性和适应性。和声搜索算法是一种模拟乐队调音获得完美和声过程的元启发优化算法,具有较强的全局搜索性能。通过对4个标准函数的测试比较,结果表明:改进的融合和声搜索的混沌粒子群优化算法(chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm with harmony search,CPSO-HS)跳出局部最优位置能力强,收敛速度快,稳定性高。改进的CPSO-HS算法已成功应用于重油热解模型的参数估计。     

离散三群粒子群优化算法

提出了离散三群粒子群优化算法(DTHSPSO),该算法将整个粒子群分为三群,第1群粒子朝全局历史最优方向飞行,第2群粒子朝着相反方向飞行,第3群粒子在全局历史最优位置周围随机飞行。粒子的速度保持连续性,对于粒子位置的处理采用两种方法:一是通过传递函数,根据速度的大小进行离散化;二是直接通过强硬限制函数(Hardlim函数)将位置离散化。通过对两种离散函数进行测试与比较,表明两种DTHSPSO都比基本离散粒子群优化算法(DPSO)具有更好的优化性能,而且直接采用Hardlim函数的DTHSPSO算法效果更加突出。     

面向无人机路径规划的双层多目标粒子群算法

无人机路径规划问题是一个复杂的多目标优化问题，目前常用粒子群优化算法及其变种算法来解决此类问题。本文在基于使用无人机执行物资投放任务的场景下，提出与之相应的无人机路径规划问题模型，并根据其特点分析其约束条件以及目标函数，在传统需要优化的基本目标函数之外，额外增加了等待时间与延迟时间这一对相互冲突的目标函数。然后提出一种基于分解的双层多目标粒子群优化算法(double layer multi-objective comprehensive learning swarm optimization algorithm framework based on set decomposition, MODCS-PSO/D)，该算法使用集合和概率表示粒子的速度与位置，将连续空间中的问题转化到离散空间内，然后结合综合学习策略构建双层粒子群算法，并在此基础上引入基于分解的多目标优化框架(multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition, MOEA/D)平衡多个待优化目标，同时增加了额外的搜索策略以避免出现早熟现象。最后通过进行对比...     

混沌PSO梯级优化调度算法及实现

利用切比雪夫(Chebyshev)映射在[-1,1]区间上的遍历性和随机性,提出了一种基于切比雪夫映射的新型混沌粒子群优化(CPSO)算法.该算法在粒子群算法求出的最优解附近进行混沌搜索.提高了混沌粒子群算法的全局优化能力,能有效避免算法容易陷入局部最优以及解决逻辑斯谛(logistic)映射不能在负值区间进行搜索的问题.针对模型中复杂的约束条件,采用分段线性插值函数实现了对目标函数的求解,并通过对采用丰枯电价时三峡梯级水电系统长期优化调度问题的计算及与其他算法的对比,验证了该算法可解决具有复杂约束条件的工程优化问题.     

盾构机密封舱渣土非线性本构模型参数识别

根据密封舱改性渣土的三轴压缩实验数据,建立了基于优化方法的Duncan-Chang双曲线本构模型参数反演方法。为了解决参数识别反问题解的不稳定性问题,在Gauss-Newton优化迭代算法的基础上,提出了正则化参数反演方法。实际应用结果表明,所提出的反演方法具有较快的收敛速度和较强的鲁棒性,预测的实验模型变形与实验值吻合较好。     

Electrochemical properties of LiNi<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1.3</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/Li<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> cells

Spinel compounds LiNi_0.5Mn_1.3Ti_0.2O₄ (LNMTO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by different methods. The particle sizes of LNMTO and LTO are 0.5–2 and 0.5–0.8 μm, respectively. The LNMTO/LTO cell exhibits better electrochemical properties at both a low current rate of 0.2C and a high current rate of 1C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMTO cathode, the LNMTO/LTO cell delivered 137 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 0.2C and 118.2 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 1C, and the corresponding capacity retentions after 30 cycles are 88.5% and 92.4%, respectively.     

Preparation of Al<Subscript>72</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>8</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>8</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>6</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>3</Subscript>Y<Subscript>3</Subscript> amorphous powders and bulk materials

Amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were successfully fabricated by mechanical alloying. The microstructure, glass-forming ability, and crystallization behavior of amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The isothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. In the results, the supercooled liquid region of the amorphous alloy is as high as 81 K, as determined by non-isothermal DSC curves. The activation energy for crystallization is as high as 312.6 kJ·mol?1 obtained by Kissinger and Ozawa analyses. The values of Avrami exponent (n) imply that the crystallization is dominated by interface-controlled three-dimensional growth in the early stage and the end stage and by diffusion-controlled two- or three-dimensional growth in the middle stage. In addition, the amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were sintered under 2 GPa at temperatures of 673 K and 723 K. The results show that the Vickers hardness of the compacted powders is as high as Hv 1215.     

Kinetic parameters of oscillating reaction of amino acid- BrO3^——Mn^2＋-H2SO4-acetone system

In the previous papers[1—3], the oscillating reactionusing amino acids as organic substrates was studied. Inorder to obtain information about the kinetic parameters ofoscillating reaction of amino acids in amino acid- BrO3 - ?Mn2 -H2SO4-acetone sy…     

Acid etching process for fabrication of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8＋x stack

We adopted a new method, acid etching process, to fabricate the intrinsic Josephson junctions based on the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 x single crystals. By soaking the crystals into the dilute hydrochloric acid, we fabricated a junction stack successfully, and meantime made the surrounding area insulated. A certain concentration of hydrochloric acid was used to maintain the roughness of the modified layer. The cur-rent-voltage characteristic was achieved through the four terminal measurement. We could control the junctions' number by changing the concentration and the soaking time. We also found that the thick-ness of the stack was equal to the average height of the insulation layer. Such a simple, convenient and controllable fabrication method with a high yield might widen the applications of the intrinsic Joseph-son junctions.     

Rolling-induced microstructure change in Zr_（65）Al_（7.5）Ni_（10）Cu_（12.5）Ag_5 bulk metallic glass

The microstructures and free-volume evolutions of as-cast and pre-annealed Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glasses during rolling deformation have been investigated. No phase transformation is detected in the as-cast/rolled specimen. However,the structural stability of the glass against plastic deformation is worse after pre-annealing,indicated by nanocrystallization in preannealed/rolled specimens with large deformation degrees. Moreover,with increasing deformation degree,the free-volume content in a pre-annealed/rolled specimen increases at a lower average rate than that in an as-cast/rolled specimen.     

基于遗传算法的带附加气室空气悬架多目标优化

以带附加气室的空气弹簧悬架为研究对象,按照物理模型建立带附加气室空气弹簧的数学模型,考虑到空气弹簧刚度的非线性,将该模型以空气弹簧非线性力的形式直接引入到1/4车辆模型。以提高车辆平顺性、行驶安全性及操纵稳定性的综合性能为目标,以附加气室容积为优化变量,设计带附加气室空气悬架的多目标优化模型;考虑到悬架性能各指标量在量纲与量级上的差异,对各指标量进行统一化处理,并采用线性加权和法将多目标函数转化为单目标评价函数。在MAT-LAB/Simulink中搭建系统仿真模型,采用遗传优化算法对典型工况下的最优附加气室容积进行寻优。优化结果表明,优化附加气室容积能有效提高悬架的综合性能,降低车身加速度、悬架动行程,但轮胎动载荷有所增加。     

Synthesis, Characterization and Calorimetry of Ni（C4H8N2O3）2Cl2

A coordination complex was synthesized from NiCl2 and dipeptide glycylglycine（GG）. It was characterized by element analysis, NMR and TG methods, and then was determined to be Ni（C4HsN2O3）2Cl2. Using an isoperibolic reaction calorimeter, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of Ni（GG）2Cl2（solid） has been determined to be -（1 674.66±2.02） kJ · mol^-1 at 298.15 K.     

Investigation on high magnetoresistance Ni0.81Fe0.19 films grown on （Ni0.81Fe0.19）1-xCrx underlayers

We have fabricated Ni0.18Fe0.19 films with (Ni0.18Fe0.19)1-xCrx films as underlayers by dc magnetron sputtering, the results show that larger anisotropic magnetoresistance (△R/R) values of Ni0.18Fe0.19 films are observed using the underlayers with Cr concentration of -36 at.% at an optimum underlayer thickness of -4.4 nm, the maximum AMR value is 3.35%. The results of atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the △R/R enhancement is attributed to the formation of large average grain size and the strong(111)texture in the Ni0.18Fe0.19 films.     

Work toughening effect in Zr_（41）Ti_（14）Cu_（12.5）Ni_（10）Be_（22.5） bulk metallic glass

Work hardening is a well-known phenomenon occurring in crystalline metals during deformation,which has been widely used to increase the strength of metals although their ductility is usually reduced simultaneously. Here we report that the plastic strain of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (at.%) bulk metallic glasses has been increased from 0.3% for the as-cast sample to 2.5%-8.0% for samples that have experienced pre-deformation under constrained conditions. The pre-deformed glassy alloys possess more free volume and abundant introduced shear bands,which are believed to promote the activation of shear bands in post-deformation and result in an increase in plasticity. The orientation of the pre-introduced shear bands relative to the loading direction will affect the deformation behavior of pre-deformed samples. The present results show that pre-deformation of this glassy alloy will result in work toughening. This work toughening effect can be removed by isothermal annealing at a sub-Tg (glass transition) temperature,which causes annihilation of free volume and healing of shear bands.