双相不锈钢管道焊接残余应力参数的数值模拟

焊接残余应力一直为人们所关注，其大小和分布与焊接热源、接头形式和材料性能等多种因素有关，作者利用热弹塑性理论为基础的有限元数值模拟技术，对SAF2205双相不锈铜管道接头环焊缝残余应力进行有限元数值模拟，得到了管道内外表面残余应力的分布规律，即，在管道的焊缝及近缝区，内表面轴向残余应力是拉伸应力，外表面轴向残余应力是压缩应力，而内外表面环向残余应力都是拉应力；研究了不同的焊接线能量、管内径与壁厚比值R1／d和多层焊对焊接残余应力的影响，结果表明，残余应力受焊接能量变化的影响不大，外表面残余应力和内表面轴向残余应力部随着壁厚增大而增大，多层焊的残余应力有不同程度降低。     

金属陶瓷与金属钎焊接头应力模拟分析

采用有限元数值模拟方法模拟了不同缓冲层和缓冲层厚度对接头残余应力的影响,结果表明,对于同一种缓冲层,厚度不一样,减少应力的效果不一样,都存在一个最佳厚度;使用Cu箔、Ni箔、Ti箔对缓解残余应力非常有效,而使用Mo箔作为应力缓冲层可以调整残余应力场的分布状态。     

硬质合金TiN涂层的残余热应力数值分析

采用有限元方法分析了硬质合金氮化钛涂层的热残余应力,试样采用圆柱体状的轴对称几何模型和自由边界条件,分析了涂层厚度、基体参数和过渡层对残余热应力的影响.计算表明:TiN涂层中出现较大的拉应力(1 GPa以上),而硬质合金基体中出现较大的压应力(-0.8 GPa左右).涂层中的拉应力随硬质合金基体中钴的质量分数和涂层厚度的增加而明显减小,因此通过增加基体中的钴的质量分数和涂层厚度可以减小涂层中的拉应力.当采用TiC过渡层时,涂层应力可以减小25%,且采用TiCN梯度过渡层时效果更好.     

冷压缩法消减7A85铝合金锻件淬火残余应力研究

为研究冷压缩法对7A85铝合金淬火残余应力消减效果,通过实验获得7A85铝合金的比热容、热传导系数、热膨胀系数等热物性参数,利用ABAQUS有限元软件对7A85铝合金试件进行淬火及冷压缩变形工艺仿真,研究淬火及冷变形工艺参数对试件残余应力的影响,对7A85铝合金试件淬火与冷压缩变形工艺进行实验研究,采用X线衍射仪分别测试试件淬火及冷变形后的残余应力。研究结果表明:当冷变形量为1%时,冷压缩法可降低试件约70%的淬火残余应力,随着冷变形量的增加,残余应力变化较小,表现出与拉伸法消减残余应力不同的变化特征。实验与仿真分析获得的残余应力绝对误差在40 MPa以内。     

单搭接接头断续胶层中应力分布的数值分析

在分析现有的单搭接接头胶层中有集中间隙的有限元模型的基础上，提出了用平面应力随厚度变化的模型取代平面应变模型思路，对比了连续胶层与胶层中有3个断续间隙时搭接部位上剪切应力分布情况。结果表明：与连续胶层的单搭接接头相比，有3个断续间隙的接头剪切应力分布模型大致相同，应力的峰值增加约10％，断续胶层仍承受了部分工作载荷。     

中厚板CO2多层多道焊对接接头焊接残余应力及其分布

阐述了焊接残余应力场数值分析的理论基础,确定了计算模型,并采用有限元数值方法模拟计算了CO2多层多道焊对接接头焊接残余应力的大小及其分布。算例结果表明,模拟结果与试验测试结果基本吻合,证明本文方法正确且有效。     

钴基合金静叶片焊接裂纹力学因素研究

采用热弹塑性有限元技术，分析研究了Ｃｏ基Ｓｔｅｌｌｉｔｅ３１合金静叶片电子束焊接时产生焊接裂纹的力学因素、焊接残余应力、与焊接装夹方式及焊接工艺的关系。结果表明：焊接过程中产生的冷裂纹，主要由于焊接过程中产生的收缩力引起；焊接方向和焊件的装夹方式对接头中的残余应力分布有较大的影响，焊缝两端附近的残余应力分布和焊接方向有关，焊端缝中心是拉应力，而在终焊端则是压应力；焊接速度及焊接线能量都对焊接残余应     

间隙对单搭接胶接接头强度和应力的影响

研究了搭接长度为12．5mm的单搭接接头搭接区域预留间隙对搭接强度和应力的影响。结果表明，间隙的位置对搭接强度有较大的影响，与连续胶层相比，胶层中部一定宽度的间隙虽然使名义强度降低，但对于提高单搭接接头的实际强度有明显的作用，剪切强度最大值可比连续胶层接头增大约60％，而胶层端部预留间隙却使名义强度和实际强度均显著降低，对两种接头进行了有限元的数值分析，指出最大应力仍然处于胶瘤端部附近，间隙位置对应力的峰值有较大的影响。     

焊接残余应力对裂纹闭合与疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

本文试验研究了ＷＸ６０管线钢及其焊接接头中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率、裂纹闭合行 为及焊接残余应力的分布与变化特点。得到了两种试件中的ｄａ／ｄＮ～　Ｋ及ｄａ／ｄＮ～ 　Ｋｅｆｆ关系．发现两种试件中裂纹闭合的程度和原因是不同的。在焊接试件中有显著的 裂纹闭合现象，其原因是焊接残余应力的作用。而在管线钢基材中裂纹闭合现象较小， 闭合原因是裂纹尖端尾部的残余塑性变形。本文论证了用ｄａ／ｄＮ～　Ｋｅｆｆ来估算焊件 疲劳寿命的合理性。     

LD10锻造铝合金内部残余应力分析

采用仿真和实验相结合的方式,首先利用动力显示有限元分析软件建立了自由锻造圆饼过程的模型,仿真出锻造过程中的变形和应力分布情况,得到锻造铝合金内部残余应力的分布及变化规律,再利用切除法对选自锻饼不同部位的LD10锻造铝合金进行了残余应力测量。比较了LD10内部残余应力的分布特点,并从金属屈服和塑性流动的角度出发对这种残余应力的构成进行了分析。结果表明：LD10铝合金的残余应力分布特点随选料位置不同而有较大不同,在锻饼心部选取的试件表层受残余拉应力,心部受残余压应力,在锻饼边缘选取的试件表层受残余压应力,心部受残余拉应力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that