CO在Pt(111)表面吸附的从头算研究

本文在超胞近似和slab模型的基础上,采用广义梯度近似(GGA)下的RPBE(Revised Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof)泛函对CO-Pt(111)体系进行了理论研究.对体系的吸附能、C-O键和C-Pt键的键长、CO的振动频率以及电子态密度(DOS)进行了计算和分析.结果表明,在0.25ML(mono-layer)的覆盖度下,CO在顶位(top)、桥位(bridge)、两个三重洞位(fcc和hcp)的吸附能非常接近,这说明CO在Pt(111)面比较容易扩散.在顶位,C-O键和C-Pt键的键长分别为1.16和1.85,CO的振动频率为2069cm-1.通过态密度分析表明,CO吸附在桥位和洞位时,其分子轨道3σ、4σ、1π、5σ轨道均参与成键,但是CO吸附在顶位时,仅有4σ、1π、5σ轨道参与成键,这可能与CO吸附在表面时和不同数目的Pt原子结合密切相关.     

乙二醛和乙醛酸在Au(111),Pd(111)和Pt(111)面的吸附研究

采用第一性原理密度泛函理论,对乙二醛在Au(111),Pd(111),Pt(111)面的吸附进行系统研究.结果表明,乙二醛和乙醛酸在Au(111)表面的吸附最弱,在Pd(111)表面上的吸附能最高,生成的乙醛酸不易脱附,容易被进一步氧化生成草酸.Pt催化剂性能最佳,乙二醛强化学吸附在Pt(111)面,C-H键断裂,C-C键稳定,易被氧化成目标产物乙醛酸,同时,目标产物乙醛酸在Pt催化剂表面上易脱附,氧化程度小,选择性高,与实验结果吻合较好.     

密度泛函理论研究CO、CO+H在Ni(111)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了CO以及CO+H体系在金属Ni(111)表面的吸附行为.采用二维平板周期性结构模型来模拟金属Ni(111)表面,消除了团簇结构模型不能考虑体系边界效应的影响,更接近于真实金属表面.对CO在Ni(111)表面的吸附过程进行探究,结果表明:CO在不同的表面活性位吸附后C—O键不同程度被削弱;通过对吸附能以及吸附后C—O键长和C—O伸缩振动频率分析,发现顶位(top)、桥位(bridge)、六方密堆积三重穴位(hcp)和面心立方三重穴位(fcc)都以C端靠近表面的垂直吸附为稳定状态,均为非解离吸附,其中fcc与hcp两空穴位吸附性质几乎相同,为CO的最佳活性位.研究CO与氢(H)在Ni(111)表面的吸附过程的结果表明:部分CO通过双基端加H生成中间物种—OCH和—COH,C—O键很大程度被削弱,较不加H吸附时的C—O键更容易在活性位断裂,因而以金属Ni(111)表面做催化剂的情况下H的加入有助于CO的解离.     

覆盖度对S原子在不同过渡金属表面吸附性质影响

采用第一性原理方法对不同覆盖度下S原子在Co(0001)表面吸附能、吸附引起体系表面功函和电子态密度分布变化进行计算并与S/Pd(111)等体系结果进行对比.结果表明:在Co(0001)表面S原子吸附能值随覆盖度增加而降低,在覆盖度1.0 ML时形成S2吸附结构；S原子吸附后体系功函变化和电子态密度分布变化与S/Pd(...     

掺杂Pt/Pd石墨烯体系的气体吸附性

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,计算分析了Pt/Pd 2种过渡金属元素掺杂的石墨烯吸附O2和CO体系的原子和电子结构,对本征石墨烯和掺杂后石墨烯体系吸附气体的吸附能、电荷转移、能带结构和电子态密度进行分析对比.由掺杂前后的结果分析发现,本征石墨烯吸附气体时的吸附能与电荷转移都较小,Pt/Pd原子的掺杂使吸附体系的吸附能和电荷转移显著增大.由于基态Pt原子核外电子d轨道未满,费米能级附近电子态密度较高,而Pd原子核外电子d轨道全满,掺杂Pt原子的石墨烯体系吸附能、电荷转移都比掺杂Pd原子的石墨烯体系大,掺杂Pt原子改善石墨烯气敏性能.     

MgO(001)表面掺杂过渡金属Au/Pt吸附CO的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论DFT/B3LYP方法研究掺杂了Au和Pt原子的MgO(001)表面吸附CO分子的吸附性质,通过对吸附体系的优化、能量和电子性质等的计算,结果表明,对于MgO完美表面,掺杂Pt比Au更容易吸附CO分子;在MgO(001)表面不同氧缺陷位(O5c/O4c/O3c),掺杂了Au和Pt原子后吸附CO分子的能力依次分别为:O_(3c)O_(5c)O_(4c)和O_(5c)O_(3c)O_(4c),掺杂了Pt原子的O5c位吸附能最低。可知Pt原子的掺杂及氧缺陷的MgO(001)表面,有利于吸附CO分子。     

CO吸附于PtRu合金(100)面上的DFT理论研究

采用DFT方法对CO吸附在PtRu(100)表面的吸附行为进行系统性的研究,分析了键参数及电子结构．结果表明Ru的加入确实能削弱CO在合金上的吸附并且活化CO分子．当Ru的含量达50％时,PtRu催化剂抗CO中毒能力最强．另外CO分子在合金表面的吸附还和其吸附位及表面原子排布有关,CO吸附在Pt上较吸附于Ru上更强,吸附位周围分布Ru较分布Pt更促进CO分子的活化．     

CO在Pd低指数晶面吸附的DFT分析

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中B3LYP计算方法对CO在Pd(100)、Pd(110)和Pd(111)3个低指数晶面上的3种不同的吸附模式(顶位吸附、空位吸附和桥位吸附)进行了探讨,从CO在3个晶面吸附的结合能、几何结构、集居数以及净电荷分析得到:CO与Pd面均形成强的σ-π键;CO在3个晶面上均倾向于桥位吸附,在Pd(111)晶面上中毒最深.对CO在3个晶面上吸附的结合能和活化程度进行了比较,发现CO在3个晶面的中毒应按以下顺序减弱:Pd(111)》Pd(100)》Pd(110);空位吸附时的活化程度最高,桥位吸附时的活化程度最低.     

甲醛在Ir(111)面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论对甲醛在Ir(111)表面top,bridge,fcc和hcp位的吸附模型进行了构型优化和振动频率分析。结果表明,甲醛在Ir(111)表面的最稳定的吸附构型是O原子和C原子分别与各自最邻近的Ir原子成键,整个甲醛分子像座桥搭在这两个Ir原子的上方,C-O键与Ir原子表面法线呈86.0°的倾角。该稳定的吸附构型为η~1-C-η~1-O构型,吸附能大小为0.78e V。通过对比吸附前后甲醛的振动频率,发现吸附后-CH2的对称与反对称伸缩振动频率均发生了蓝移,而C-O键的振动频率发生红移,说明了吸附过程中CH_2O的C-O键被活化。     

HCOOH在电极Pd(110)表面电吸附的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函理论和周期平板模型相结合方法,对HCOOH分子在Pd(110)表面bridge,bidentate和unidentate三种形态吸附位进行吸附结构、Mulliken布居和振动频率等性质的计算;计算结果表明HCOOH在金属态表面bidentate为最稳定的吸附位,电极表面unidentate为最稳吸附位;HCOOH在电极表面的吸附远大于金属态表面的吸附能,表明电化学反应比普通化学反应容易进行.电极表面吸附的结构和频率分析显示,吸附过程中O—H、C—H键均伸长,v(O—H)键和v(C—H)振动频率均发生明显红移,表明H原子在吸附过程中容易断裂,脱离HCOOH分子.Mulliken电荷布居分析表明在电吸附过程中电子由HCOOH分子向Pd(110)表面进行转移,有利于电催化反应进行.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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