粗粒土大型静止侧压力系数测定试验的颗粒流模拟

静止侧压力系数K_0是粗粒土重要的力学参数。采用基于离散元理论的颗粒流数值分析和室内试验相结合的方法,建立了粗粒土大型静止侧压力系数试验的三维颗粒流模型,模拟结果与室内试验具有良好的一致性。在总结数值试验结果的基础上,分析了粗粒土的位移和力链的细观变化过程,并研究了不同竖向应力下细观参数与K_0的关系曲线,探讨孔隙率、颗粒摩擦因数、切向刚度、法向刚度等参数对粗粒土K_0的影响规律,并建立了细观参数和粗粒土K_0的函数关系。结果表明:相同竖向应力下试样K_0随着孔隙率的增大逐渐增大,但增大趋势趋于平缓;试样K_0与摩擦因数存在线性负相关关系;在相同竖向应力下,试样法向接触刚度越大或切向接触刚度的越大时,K_0越小。     

规则齿形不连续面的变形特性及其定量评价

以研究不连续面的变形特性为目的,采用双曲线函数作为描迷不连续面剪切位移曲线的本构式,讨论了表征剪切位移曲线形态的关键因素,即：公式中的系数A,B．根据系数A,B的物理意义,分析了它们与垂直应力比、不连续面的起伏角i以及不连续面的剪切面积之间的关系．同时,又将双曲线函数的模拟曲线与试验曲线进行了比较．由于模拟曲线能较为正确地描述初始剪切刚度以及峰值剪应力,使它能较为理想地表现剪切位移曲线,进而使该定量的评价方法具有实际的使用价值．     

交叉裂纹各裂尖应力强度因子同时快速求解的Williams单元

为了研究交叉裂纹各裂尖应力强度因子之间的相互影响,建立了交叉裂纹各裂尖应力强度因子同时快速求解的Williams单元,以十字交叉裂纹为例,分别对正交十字裂纹或斜十字裂纹各裂尖应力强度因子相关参数进行研究,分析了薄板尺寸、裂纹夹角与奇异区尺寸等相关参数对十字交叉裂纹各裂尖应力强度因子的影响,其中K_Ⅰ、K_(Ⅱ)为裂尖Ⅰ、Ⅱ型应力强度因子。算例分析表明,当板宽与裂纹长度满足W/a≥13时,能够忽略板的尺寸对正交十字裂纹裂尖应力强度因子的影响,可视为无限大板;对于斜十字裂纹情况,当水平裂纹长度不变时,随着斜裂纹长度参数d的增大,K_(Ⅰ,A)、K_(Ⅱ,C)和K_(Ⅰ,D)逐渐递减,而K_(Ⅱ,A)、K_(Ⅰ,B)、K_(Ⅱ,B)和K_(Ⅰ,C)逐渐递增,对于K_(Ⅱ,D)则出现先减后增的趋势;当斜裂纹长度参数d=0时,随着裂纹夹角γ的变化,K_(Ⅰ,A)、K_(Ⅰ,B)大小相等,符号相同,K_(II,A)、K_(Ⅱ,B)则大小相等,符号相反,且各裂尖应力强度因子对裂尖奇异区尺寸不敏感。证明了Williams单元能够同时快速求解交叉裂纹各裂尖应力强度因子,且具有较高的计算精度。     

拟协调模式的几何非线性板单元

拟协调模式单元的构造是基于假设应变场,将应变积分离散为用边界位移插值函数表示的积分,较好地解决了单元边C1界连续问题。精度和收敛性都较同类位移元为优。 一、本单元的有限元列式 由虚位移原理推得的平衡方程(已线性化)为其中的符号及其意义请见另文 。 板的非线性应变分量为 将(2)式代入(1)式,则(1)式左边变为其中 K (平面刚度阵) (弯曲刚度阵), (初应力刚度阵), 和 为普通的平面、弯曲弹性阵和初应力阵。(平面应变分量),。 (曲率应变分量), (转角分量), 为单元节点位移参数。设 其中 为插值函数, 为广义参数。 由(5)构造下列积分引…     

内部压力作用下无限大板中椭圆孔及裂纹问题

为研究在工程实际中经常遇到的无限大板含有椭圆孔及裂纹问题,采用改进的带裂尖单元位移不连续法,重点研究在内部压力作用下裂纹扩展规律.通过改变椭圆孔的几何参数,揭示出孔的几何参数对断裂参数应力强度因子(SIF)的影响.结果表明:椭圆孔对裂纹的应力强度因子(SIF)具有一定的屏蔽作用,这种屏蔽作用随着椭圆孔的几何参数而变化,该研究在工程上具有重要意义.     

岩爆隧道岩体质量评价的BQ法优化

探讨优化工程岩体分级标准BQ方法,使其更好地应用于岩爆隧道中。(1)综合RSR法、RMR法和HC法对结构面产状、洞轴线方向和掘进方向对围岩稳定性影响的考虑,对主要软弱结构面产状影响修正系数(K_2)进行了优化。当结构面走向与洞轴线垂直并且结构面陡倾,倾向与掘进方向同向时,围岩稳定性最好,K_2取小值;当结构面走向与洞轴线平行时,围岩稳定性最差,K_2取大值。(2)结合岩爆烈度分级体系,针对硬岩高地应力隧道,对初始应力状态影响修正系数(K_3)进行了优化。轻微岩爆对围岩基本质量指标BQ值较高的围岩影响较小,K_3取小值;岩爆级别越高,对围岩的稳定越不利,K_3取大值。对四川泥巴山隧道的部分掌子面围岩应用优化后的BQ方法重新计算[BQ]值并确定级别,分级结果与实际情况更吻合,能更好地用于确定围岩支护措施。     

基于位移不连续模型的多裂缝应力干扰极限距离计算

利用MTS试验装置对"R13区块"的致密砂岩岩心进行小试样试验,获得"R13区块"致密砂岩的岩石力学参数(弹性模量、泊松比等)。忽略地层内水力裂缝面的不规则性,将其简化为互相平行的光滑裂缝面。考虑到地层在裂缝面的不连续性,将裂缝视为连续地层的内部不连续边界,采用位移不连续理论建立边界元模型,研究多裂缝系统周围的地层应力分布和不同簇数、不同布缝方式下的裂缝群缝间应力干扰的极限距离。结果表明,人工多裂缝的出现明显改变了裂缝周围应力场的分布,裂缝群簇数越多影响距离越大,但簇数的增加对影响距离的改变逐渐趋于平缓,呈对数增长,而段内裂缝间距(20~30 m)的改变基本不影响应力干扰的极限距离。基于位移不连续理论的边界元模型能够准确地计算裂缝群周围地层应力场分布和裂缝群缝间应力干扰极限距离。     

Bandis经验公式修正及其应用

针对三维离散元程序中刚度参数合理选取方法及其应用开展研究.通过理论分析,给出了结构面剪切刚度及法向刚度的理论公式;结合室内剪切试验研究和数值分析,得到了符合工程实际的剪切刚度修正Bandis经验公式及法向刚度参数经验公式,从而明确提出了一种结构面刚度参数的选取方法;通过实际工程边坡稳定性分析,探究了基于上述方法选取的参数对实际工程模拟的适用性.研究表明,岩体结构面刚度参数是应力的函数,修正Bandis经验公式能够较为完善地表征剪切破坏前结构面的剪切刚度变化规律;利用编制FISH程序使刚度参数随应力变化而改变的方法,使3DEC软件对工程岩体变形特征的模拟更加符合实际,从而验证了该方法的合理性.     

线性节理对岩石电磁辐射传播的影响

基于岩石压电效应,依据应力波下电场值的表达式及应力波在节理处的透射解,获得垂直入射应力波作用下产生的电磁波在线性节理面前后的强度关系,并且研究节理参数、岩体电性参数以及入射波频率对电磁辐射传播过程中强度的影响.研究结果表明:电磁辐射的强度随节理初始刚度增大而增大,随频率增大而减小;电磁辐射强度随黏性系数的增加先减小后增大,这与黏性系数变化过程中所导致的电阻率的变化相关;电磁辐射强度随黏性系数变化的同时还受到频率的影响;当节理面两侧岩体性质不同时,电磁辐射强度的变化同时受到多种参数的影响,情况变得更加复杂.     

土质路堑高边坡变形特性的离心模型试验研究

通过离心模型试验揭示了土质路堑高边坡在开挖卸载过程中的变形特性及坡体应力变化特点,分析了土质路堑高边坡土体参数(密实度、含水量)变化对坡体变形特性和虚拟力(人为控制坡面变形而产生的力)的影响,以及两者之间的关系;讨论了在坡体的开挖卸载过程中,正在开挖卸载的坡面对上、下坡面的影响(通过坡面的变形及虚拟力的变化反映出来)规律.试验结果表明,坡体含水量的增加和密实度的减小均会改变坡体的应力状态,增大边坡侧向位移,降低边坡的稳定性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that