一株耐高温纤维素降解菌的分离筛选及鉴定

为了分离筛选耐高温的纤维素高效降解菌,从鸡粪蘑菇渣高温堆肥中取样,采用滤纸富集培养基进行富集培养、刚果红纤维素培养基进行分离纯化培养、滤纸条培养基和刚果红纤维素培养基进行初筛培养、液体发酵测定纤维素酶活法进行复筛培养,利用形态特征观察、生理生化特征检测和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析法进行初步鉴定,结果分离筛选到1株耐高温纤维素降解菌XD-3.该菌株在50 ℃生长良好、羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)活力达6.14±0.37 U/mL.综合形态特征、生理生化特性、基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析,菌株XD-3初步鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）.     

生孢噬纤维细菌的分离纯化及鉴定

采用纤维素琼脂糖双层平板的方法，由土壤中分离纯化出一株好氧性纤维素降解菌。通过对形态学特征及生理生化学特征的研究，初步鉴定该菌为生孢噬纤维(Sporocytophaga)。     

一种新的评价好氧性细菌降解天然纤维素能力的方法

对比研究了好氧性细菌生孢噬纤维菌Sporocytophaga sp. JL-01,纤维素诺卡氏菌Nocardia Cellulans sp. HD-86与青霉Penicillium sp. DS-04降解纤维素的特性.通过对上述菌株各种纤维素酶活的测定以及它们对滤纸和结晶纤维素粉CF11降解能力的比较,提出了新的评价好氧性纤维素细菌降解纤维素能力的方法,即采用天然纤维素失重率为指标测定酶活.     

解纤维素固氮芽孢杆菌与伴生菌的鉴定及其相互关系

通过提高加热温度和增加稀释度分别获得解纤维素固氮芽孢杆菌与伴生菌的纯培养,依据形态特征、生理生化特性和16SrDNA序列分析对两种菌进行鉴定;将两种菌分别培养及二者按不同比例接种进行混合培养,测定活菌数量、纤维素酶活性和固氮量,探讨两种菌的相互关系。结果表明:解纤维素固氮芽孢杆菌AX32为栗树类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus castaneae),伴生菌AX322为根癌土壤农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens);混合培养与单独培养相比,两种菌活菌数量降低,种间关系为竞争,但混合培养时纤维素酶活性和固氮量提高。     

白腐菌胞外羟自由基清除物质的产生

对白腐菌降解木质纤维素过程中产生的胞外清除羟自由基物质进行了初步研究.结果表明:木质纤维素基质的白腐菌胞外降解液具有一定的羟自由基清除作用,清除率最高可达46.13%,其中的主效物质成分为胞外多糖,其在整个羟自由基清除效率中所起作用的比例达70%左右;其次为木质纤维素白腐菌降解产物(如酚、醛、酮及芳香酸类等).合成培养基中添加木质纤维素基质后,白腐菌胞外多糖量同天最多可提升0.99g/L,其清除羟自由基的单位能力同天最大提升7%,说明木质纤维素白腐菌降解与清除自由基物质的产生及白腐菌自身防御机制有一定的关联.     

一组高温混合菌对木质素纤维素的降解

对秸秆中木质素纤维素的生物预处理进行研究.采用高温混合菌对滤纸和玉米秸秆进行降解实验.在50℃,第7天滤纸失重率为76.2%;第30天玉米秆失重率为34.23%,玉米秸秆中木质素、纤维素和半纤维素的降解率分别为56.36%,42.88%,62.77%.混合菌在50℃条件下对玉米秸秆中的木质素、纤维素、半纤维素均有较高的降解效果.     

扎龙湿地纤维素降解霉菌组成与活性研究

采用取样富集的方法,运用形态学鉴定和滤纸降解技术,研究了扎龙湿地纤维素降解霉菌的组成和活性.筛选出了7株具有纤维素降解能力的霉菌,它们分别属于接合菌门(Zygomycota)毛霉目(Mucorales),接合菌门(Zygomycota)球囊霉目(Glomeromycetes),子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的散囊菌目(Eurotiales),卵菌门(Oomycota)水霉目(Saprolegniales)共4类,滤纸降解实验表明这7株霉菌纤维素降解活性均较高.揭示了扎龙湿地具有高活性纤维素降解能力的霉菌组成,获得了大量的高效纤维素降解的生物资源.     

不同功能菌剂对连作烟叶农艺性状和根际土壤细菌的影响

采用5组不同功能发酵菌剂N(固氮),P(解磷),K(解钾),C(解纤维素)及H(4种菌剂按体积为1∶1∶1∶1混合液)分别浇灌盆栽烟草,观察记录各处理烟叶农艺性状及根际土壤细菌情况.结果表明5种供试菌剂均能促进烟叶生长,其中C(解纤维素)菌剂处理的烟株农艺性状最好,叶色比对照绿,株高13.4 cm、茎粗2.73 cm及中部单叶面积180.77 cm2均显著高于对照的10.8,1.97 cm和82.42 cm2;混合菌剂H效果次之,仅茎粗2.67 cm显著高于对照.从土壤根际细菌看,固氮菌定植情况最好.后期成为土壤优势菌,占细菌91%,其次是解纤维素菌,其他定植较差;添加解纤维素菌剂的烟株根际土壤的固氮、解磷、解钾菌生长比较均衡.5种菌剂对根际土壤假单胞菌的影响不同,假单胞菌比例为固氮菌处理74%>解钾菌处理61%>解磷菌处理58%>对照46%>混合菌剂处理45%>解纤维素菌处理29%.解钾菌和解磷菌能促进其它微生物的生长.     

不同生物质木质纤维素的成分分析和比较

以玉米秸秆、中药残渣、林业废弃枝桠、木耳菌袋以及柳枝稷5种不同种类的生物质为原料,测定其纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的含量,通过对分析方法的建立,可快速得到不同生物质原料主要组分含量,筛选出纤维素含量高、木质素含量低的物种.实验结果表明：纤维素按其含量大小排列分别为：柳枝稷、玉米秸秆、木耳菌袋、枝桠、中药残渣;半纤维素含量：柳枝稷、玉米秸秆、枝桠、中药残渣、木耳菌袋;木质素含量：柳枝稷、枝桠、木耳菌袋、中药残渣、玉米秸秆.     

硫酸盐还原菌去除木屑中木质素和纤维素的试验

目的研究对不同木屑投加量利用硫酸盐还原菌降解木屑中木质素和纤维素去除率问题,为木质纤维素的生物降解提供新方法.方法将先期富集培养的硫酸盐还原菌污泥置于Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ4个三角瓶中,Ⅴ号三角瓶作为空白试验,分别投加5 g,10 g,15 g,20 g,10 g质量的木屑,通过静态试验测定木质纤维去除率.结果Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ号容器中木质素的去除率分别为49.32%,54.97%,57.92%,63.57%,0.07%;纤维素的去除率分别为82.18%,86.36%,89.32%,90.82%,7.33%.硫酸盐还原菌利用1 g的硫酸盐能够去除1 g的木质素.扫描电镜下观察经过硫酸盐还原菌降解后的木屑,发现木屑表面以及内部的结构均受到损伤,木质素和纤维素的结构被破坏.结论硫酸盐还原菌对木质纤维素有良好的降解作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has