蒙脱土改性PET纤维性能

采用熔融插层法制备聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）/蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料,对其纤维的结晶性能、力学性能及染色性能进行详细研究.结果表明,与纯PET纤维相比,蒙脱土改性PET纤维具有较高的模量和较低的收缩率,改性纤维的上染率亦有明显提高.含磺酸基团改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（CDP）/MMT纤维的上染率和上染速率大于PET/MMT纤维,表明蒙脱土和聚合物中的离子基团对促进PET纤维的染色性能有协同作用.     

不同负载形态TiO_2薄膜光催化亚甲基蓝效能分析

针对目前光催化中催化效率低的问题,采用溶胶-凝胶法及浸提技术,分别对玻璃片、纤维膜、钢丝网进行TiO_2的固定化负载.通过微观形貌进行分析,利用亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,探究制备以及光催化工艺对TiO_2催化降解性能的影响及其重复使用效果.结果表明:随着浸涂次数的增加,不同载体的表面TiO_2薄膜的微观形貌有所变化,对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解率呈现先增大后稳定的趋势,降解率从大到小为玻璃片、纤维膜、钢丝网,薄膜最优镀膜次数分别为3,4,4次.采用玻璃片镀膜4次所制备的TiO_2光催化降解率最高,4 h紫外光降解率可达75. 3%.     

丙烯酰胺—PET 切片接枝共聚及纺制复合纤维的探索

研究了在苯甲醇中丙烯酰胺 PET 切片的接枝共聚合反应。发现随反应时间延长,引发剂BPO 浓度增加,接枝率提高。在40～90℃范围内随反应温度提高接技率增加。随单体丙烯酰胺浓度提高,接枝率下降,发现苯甲醇、BPO 对 PET 均有降解作用。用接枝产物和 Nylon 6试纺并列型复合纤维,并对复合情况作了初步考察.     

阻燃羊毛纤维的热性能研究

用氟钛酸钾与无机盐组成的阻燃体系对羊毛纤维进行阻燃处理,所得的羊毛纤维用热分析,剩碳率、氧指数红外光谱等分析方法对其热降解行为进行了研究.实验证明:经过阻燃处理的羊毛纤维热降解温度比未处理的降低,剩碳率和氧指数升高,阻燃性能增强.根据阻燃羊毛的热降解行为的变化,对不同的阻燃剂的阻燃机理做了初步的探讨.     

PBT与PET纤维染色性能的比较

本文对PBT与PET纤维的上染率与染色温度的关系进行了研究。实验表明染料向PBT纤维内部的扩散速率比向PET纤维内部扩散的速率高,其染色转变温度比PET低,在相同时间与温度下的平衡上染百分率比PET高。选择的工业上最佳上染工艺是PBT100℃无载体沸染,与PET120℃高温高压染色上染率相当、上染速率要快。所以同属聚酯类型的二种纤维,PBT染色性能比PET优越得多。     

稀土氧化物溶胶对羊毛纤维的阻燃改性及其热降解

用稀土氧化物(La2O3,CeO2,Y2O3)溶胶对羊毛纤维进行阻燃处理,并采用氧指数、剩炭率、热分析等方法对处理前后的羊毛纤维的阻燃性能及热降解行为进行研究.实验证明:经处理后的羊毛纤维,剩炭率、氧指数升高,热降解温度提前,活化能改变,放热峰温度升高,阻燃性得到明显改善.依据阻燃羊毛的热降解行为的变化,对该体系处理羊毛的阻燃机理做了初步的探讨.     

荻的蒸汽爆破预处理研究

研究了蒸汽爆破预处理对荻化学组成变化以及纤维素酶水解效率的影响,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和红外光谱等分析爆破预处理对荻纤维形态、结构的影响.结果表明:蒸汽爆破预处理后物料中绝大部分半纤维素发生降解,部分木质素降解溶出,纤维素的相对含量有所提高;蒸汽爆破预处理后荻纤维表面和细胞壁受到不同程度的破坏,纤维素绝对结晶度降低,有利于酶水解作用进行;未处理原料的酶水解效率仅为14.38%,,蒸汽爆破预处理后纤维素酶水解效率最高达到了88.95%,.     

对苯二甲酸及聚酯膜生物降解

聚酯废弃物形成的白色垃圾对环境的污染日益严重,采用生物方法降解聚酯是目前国际上研究的热点．对苯二甲酸是合成聚酯的主要原料,其本身也具有一定的毒性．作者采用从活性污泥中提取的菌株和粗酶液,对对苯二甲酸和聚酯薄膜进行生物降解探讨．实验结果和动力学分析表明,提取的菌株和粗酶液对对本二甲酸有很好的降解作用,对PET薄膜也有明显的刻蚀痕迹．     

扑草净降解酶的固定化及其对受污染土壤的生物强化研究

提取扑草净降解优势菌Pseudomonas FR粗酶液，以藻酸钠作为包埋剂将酶液固定化，比较固定化酶与游离酶对扑草净的作用效果，结果表明，理想条件下，固定化酶的活性相当于游离酶液活性的79％，但温度、pH值等条件的变化对固定化酶的影响很小；对固定化载体进行了优化，确定纤维系为适宜的添加剂，利用固定化酶对受污染土壤进行处理，经六周检测，土壤中扑草净的含量减少85％．     

复合酶酶解餐厨垃圾的工艺条件优化研究

采用复合酶处理餐厨垃圾，旨在酶解餐厨垃圾中的营养物质和降低其固形物含量。以餐厨垃圾的降解率为优化指标，通过单因素实验初步探究复合酶添加量及比例、酶解时间、反应初始pH值、酶解温度等因素对酶解反应的影响。采用L9(34)正交实验进行工艺优化，得到最佳工艺条件为酶制剂添加量0.7%、反应初始pH6.0、酶解温度55℃，此时餐厨垃圾的降解率为33.98%。     

Biodegradation of DTP and PET Fiber by Microbe

The degradation of diethylene glycol terephthalate (DTP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber by microbe was studied. The degree of DTP degradation was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to be more than 90%. The products after degradation of DTP and PET fiber were various. The degradation of DTP can be described by the first-order reaction model. The degradation of PET fiber was found to be little, but surface erosion of PET fiber could be clearly seen from the SEM photographs indicating there occurred some traces of biodegradation on the PET fiber surface.     

Hydrolysis-resistant Polyethylene Terephthalate （PET） Fiber

For certain industrial applications, the mechanical properties of PET fiber can be deteriorated from hydrolysis because the terminal carboxylic groups promote the degradation of macromolecules under high moisture and high temperature. It limits the wide applications of PET fiber in some special cases. In this paper, three additives are selected to improve the hydrolytic stability through the reaction of bi-functional groups on additive molecules with carboxyl groups on PET molecules. The additives can serve not only as hydrolysis stabilizers, but also as agents to increase the molecular weight and consequently to improve PET fiber mechanical properties. PET pellets were blended with additive before spinning, and melt spun into fiber. The fibers were then hydrolyzed in an autoclave by saturated vapor at 140℃ for a period of time. Measurements of intrinsic viscosity, terminal carboxylic group value and strength of polyester fibers were carried out to study the effects of hydrolysis resistance. Results show that 2, 2＇-bis （2-oxazoline） has best hydrolysis-resistibility and the chainextension effect at the same time.     

Study on the Process Technology of PA6/PET Bicomponent Fiber

PA6/PET bicomponent fiber at different spinning speeds were produced. Influences of cross blowing, spinning speed, PA6 and PET component ratio, drawing condition etc. on the mechanical properties, heat shrinkage, orientation and crystallization of the fiber were investigated. Also the rules among these influencing parameters were obtained. The splitting property of the fiber and its influence on the textile processing are discussed, which offers a base for the production of PA6/ PET bicomponent fiber using splitting technology.     

PET废纤/竹原纤维增强不饱和聚酯复合材料的力学性能与吸水性能

采用平板模压成型方法制备聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯是(PET)废纤/竹原纤维增强不饱和聚酯复合材料,研究纤维梳理方式及不同质量比对复合材料力学性能与吸水性能的影响。结果表明:相同纤维比例、不同纤维梳理方式的复合材料拉伸强度无显著差异;纤维混合梳理的复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲模量均显著高于分别梳理的复合材料;纤维分别梳理的复合材料耐水性能优于纤维混合梳理的复合材料。动态机械热分析显示:复合材料储能模量随竹原纤维含量增加而增加,PET纤维含量的增加使复合材料阻尼效应增加。复合材料吸水动力学表明:水分在竹原纤维比例高且分别梳理的复合材料内部的扩散符合Fick定律;而水分在竹原纤维比例低且纤维混合梳理的复合材料内部的扩散行为不符合Fick定律。     

KINETICS AND MECHANISM RELATING ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS OF POLYESTER BLEND FIBER

Cation Dyeable Polyester(CDP)was made by copolymerizing dimethyl terephthalate(DMT),S-sodium sulfonate dimethyl isophthalate(SIPM) with a weight fraction of 4.5% and ethyleneglycol (EG).Blend of PET and CDP was spun into hollow fiber.The fiber was then treated withaqueous NaOH.In this paper,kinetics and mechanism of alkaline hydrolysis of PET,CDP andtheir blend PET/CDP fiber were studied by means of specific area measurement,scantling elec-tron microscopy and other chemical analyses.It was showed that the rate of alkaline hydrolysis isCDP>PET/CDP>PET.Because of blending effect,the alkaline hydrolysis of PET/CDP is dif-ferent from that of PET.CDP phase in the PET/CDP fiber is predominantly hydrolyzed,andhence some pieces of fiber(micro-fiber) fall off the fiber because of etching.     

Dynamics Model and Simulation of Polyethylene Terephthalate （PET） Hollow Fiber

On the basis of melt-spinning, the dynamics model of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hollow fiber is established.The effects of spinning conditions on hollow ratio are discussed and verified. Because of the different quenching conditions, there exist differences of the hollow ratio and the vitrification distances between different cycles. The important role of the quenching conditions on the melt-spinning of PET hollow fiber is also mentioned.     

PET/PTT复合纤维工艺性能研究

分别测试与分析了3种不同比例PET／PTT复合纤维的热收缩性能、卷曲性能和拉伸弹性．测试结果比较得出，40／60纤维具有较大的热收缩率，50／50纤雏具有较好的卷曲率、卷曲牢度和拉伸弹性回复性能．     

PET—PTT共聚酯的热降解行为

采用热失重分析(TGA)和裂解气相质谱(Py-GC/MS)研究不同组成的PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)-PTT(聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯)共聚酯的热降解行为,并与PET和PTT均聚物作了比较.TGA结果表明,PET-PTT共聚酯的热稳定性介于均聚物PTT与PET之间,并随PET组分的增加而提高.利用Py-GC/MS得到PET-PTT共聚酯及均聚物的裂解产物的结构及分布,探讨PTT降解机理,并推测PET-PTT共聚酯的可能降解过程.发现PET-PTT共聚酯分解过程中产生了不同于PET和PTT裂解产物的组分,但不同组分的含量很小,这可能是由共聚酯中PTT(PET)序列长度较短所致.PET-PTT共聚酯在裂解过程中比PET和PTT均聚物产生了更多的挥发性产物.当PTT(PET)在共聚酯中的摩尔分数增大时由该链段降解产生的产物质量分数相应提高.     

Study on Shrinkage of PEIT Fiber and Latent - crimp of PEIT/PET Conjugate Fiber

The shrinkage behavior of copoiyester fibers (PEIT) and the ' latent - crimp behavior of side - by - side PET/ PEIT composite fibers have been studied. It is shown that the shrinkage rate, the crimp ratio and the crimp rigidity of these fibers increase with the increasing isoph-thalate content of PEIT and the treatment temperature. The shrinkage in boiling water of the cold - drawn PEIT - A2 fiber appears to be higher than that of PEIT - A3. The shrinkage in dry air of the cold - drawn PEIT - A2 fiber is also higher than that of PEIT at temperature of 393 K or 413K, but lower at 453K. The crimp rigidity of the PET/PEIT - A: conjugate fiber appears to be obviously higher than that of the PET/PEIT - A, conjugate fiber. The mechanism of the shrinkage behavior related these fibers are discussed in detail.     

常压阳离子染料易染共聚酯纤维微观结构与性能

采用红外光谱分析和X射线衍射法,表征常压阳离子染料易染共聚酯(ECDP)纤维的微观结构,并通过测试ECDP纤维和聚酯(PET)纤维的拉伸性能、吸湿性能和导电性能,探讨了微观结构对纤维性能的影响.结果表明:ECDP纤维中第三组分间苯二甲酸5磺酸钠的加入使结晶度减小,因此,断裂强度和初始模量比PET纤维小,而断裂伸长率有所增加,回潮率较大,体积比电阻较小.