Towards an Holistic Framework for Environmental Change: The Role of Normative Behaviour and Informal Networking to Enhance Sustainable Business Practices

The term ‘Sustainable Development’ is brandished by modern businesses as a marketing ploy used to suggest evidence of ethical conduct, innovative thinking and moral superiority. However, when analysing an organisations’ adoption of sustainable practices, it is often clear—within the UK—that there are few activities that have been undertaken as an ethical stance instead of legal obligation (McCormick in Environmental politics and policy in industrialized countries, MIT, London, 2002). Our hypothesis is that most methodologies and practices for environmental management do not adopt a holistic perspective, causing significant problems in implementation from inadequate structures and communication channels (Espinosa et al. in Eur J Oper Res, 187:636–651, 2008). In particular we consider that most organisations are currently stifled with management hierarchies that prevent informal/social networking, which may be one of the most powerful natural forms for self-organisation. It is proposed that sustainable development requires more efficient communication channels that foster self-organisation and self-regulation as a method for more productive change processes. In this paper, we explain the reasons why meta-systemic principles of self-organisation and distributed network management offer clear criteria to design an environmental management system that operates on the basis of self-controlled individuals and communities.     

克里雅河流域PRED 系统的可持续发展实证研究

通过运用流域总体发展综合评价模型,以流域PRED系统理论为基础,以主成分分析法等数学工具为手段,在对克里雅河流域自然历史背景、社会发展现状实证分析的基础上,对克里雅河流域绿洲PRED系统的可持续发展进行模型分析和综合评价,为该流域绿洲演变的可持续发展模式和调控对策的制定提供科学依据.结合克里雅河流域自然环境背景、社会经济现状和流域开发历程,通过对流域绿洲PRED系统各子系统的分项计算与动态分析,结合流域人口、经济、社会发展态势的综合评价,为全流域绿洲演变和环境调控提供切实可行的可持续发展模式.     

1990以来中国农业可持续发展态势定量分析

以可持续发展理论为指导,尝试构建中国农业可持续发展综合评价指标体系,围绕人口、经济、资源生态、社会伦理4个维度选取了28个指标,经AHP方法给指标赋权,运用综合指数模型对1990～2005年中国农业可持续发展水平和各维度间的协调度进行定量分析。研究结果表明：中国农业可持续发展水平综合得分逐年增高,人口、经济、资源生态、社会伦理4个维度间协调度得分却在逐年下降;经济、资源生态、社会伦理等维度呈可持续发展态势,人口维度呈非可持续发展态势。据此认为,实现中国农业可持续发展一定要牢固树立农业可持续发展的科学发展观;高度重视人口、经济、资源生态和社会伦理的协调发展;迅速提升农业劳动力素质;大力发展环境保护型农业。图3,表2,参13。     

吉林省可持续发展指标体系的建立与评价

吉林省是我国东北老工业基地省份之一,研究其可持续发展有助于其社会经济与资源环境的协调发展,重振老工业基地雄风。探讨了建立可持续发展指标体系的原则,并依据吉林省实际情况建立了可持续发展指标体系;利用模糊综合评价法对吉林省9个城市可持续发展能力进行了分析,利用SPSS软件对吉林省城市进行聚类分析。结果表明综合可持续发展隶属度除长春、吉林较高外,其余城市均较低;利用聚类结果对吉林省可持续发展分区,吉林省分为3个可持续发展区域。说明吉林省可持续发展程度区域差异明显,各地区应根据实际情况制定可持续发展政策,从而促进区域可持续发展。图2,表3,参18。     

基于综合方法的区域可持续发展指标体系选择

在对区域可持续发展指标体系的选取原则、指标选择的定性及定量分析技术进行探讨的基础上,结合上海市某区的区情,基于环境-经济-社会模式,通过专家咨询定性地确定了该区可持续发展指标原始数据库(共70个指标),并进一步通过聚类分析和非参数检验的定量综合分析技术。对该原始指标体系进行了简化及有效性检验。     

农牧业基地水资源可持续开发利用程度分析方法研究

水资源的可持续开发利用是可持续发展的一个重要组成部分，在我国农牧业基地，缺水问题是制约农牧业发展的“瓶颈”。文中提出了一种新的决策方法来评价农牧业基地水资源的可持续开发利用程度，对于指导农业基地水资源的合理开发与利用提供了新的研究思路与方法。     

Optimization Model to Enhance Sustainable Utilization of Resources

1　 IntroductionSustainable development is newly accepted as a objective or model of economic and socialdevelopmentin recentyears,which derived from ecological and environmental crisis duringhuman′s development.Its role of guidance for human′s socioeconomic development hasbeen increasingly expanded to various aspects of human society and nature. Sustainableutilization of resources is a critical factor for fully realizing socioeconomic sustainabledevelopmenton the basis of the equilibrium of …     

Statistic Measurement and Empirical Research on Sustainable Development of China Internet

In this paper, the concepts of green development and coordinated development of the Internet are proposed, and the connotation of sustainable development of the Internet is defined further. Based on these, by using the comprehensive evaluation method, the Internet sustainable development index (ISDI) system is created and designed, the sustainable development level of the Internet in China is evaluated and measured systematically, and corresponding policy suggestions are given.     

SD模型在区域可持续发展规划中的应用

区域"自然-社会-经济"复合系统是一个具有耗散结构的开放巨系统,具有高阶次、多变量、多回路和强非线性的反馈结构,系统行为往往具有反直观性、对内部参数变化的不敏感性等特性.运用系统动力学理论与方法建模较传统的数学模型更能充分刻画系统的非线性结构和动态特征.论文着眼于区域可持续发展系统的复杂动态关系,以县级区域为研究对象,探讨经济自然增长、经济高速增长和经济适度增长三种方案下的县域可持续发展模式,并比较优选出最佳模式,旨在为促进县域可持续发展提供借鉴.     

河南省持续发展系统动力学模拟与调控

区域发展的动力来源于区域人地相互作用，区域的持续发展有赖于区域人地系统的合理结构和优化模式以及人们对该系统的有效调控。本文以河南省为实例论述了区域人地系统的模拟和调控等有关问题.     

辽宁省人口结构与经济协调发展研究

人口结构与经济发展相互影响、相互制约,两者的协调发展是实现区域可持续发展的重要途径。建立人口结构与经济协调度的评价指标体系、模型和方法,并对辽宁省进行了实证研究。研究表明,1995年以来辽宁省人口结构与经济协调发展呈现“倒u”型曲线：2000年以前,人口结构与经济协调发展状况由初级协调向高级协调转化;2000年以后,两者的协调发展状况却有不断下降的趋势。图2,表4,参12。     

矿区可持续发展指标体系与评价方法研究

以可持续发展思想为指导,以我国矿区为研究对象,着重研究了矿区可持续发展指标体系与评价方法． 首先,探讨了可持续发展指标体系建立的原则和方法以及矿区可持续发展的评价方法;其次,分析了矿区资源、环境、经济、社会系统的运行模式,在此基础上提出了矿区可持续发展评价指标体系,确定了各指标的权值;再者,给出了矿区可持续发展评价方法的原理和步骤;最后,将所建立的指标体系与评价方法应用于我国的铁法矿区,并根据评价结果分析了矿区进一步提高可持续发展能力应采取的对策．     

科学技术可持续发展的系统学思考

实施可持续发展战略是中国实现现代化的必然选择，而科学技术的可持续发展则是实现经济、社会和生态可持续发展的基本手段和支持条件。鉴于现代科学技术是一个庞大的整体系统，要实现科学技术的可持续发展需要运用系统学思想方法加以认识和推进，具体说就是要实现科学技术的整体性可持续发展、结构性可持续发展、协同性可持续发展、目的性可持续发展、功能性可持续发展和开放性可持续发展。     

经济高速发展地区人地系统可持续性评价研究

以苏锡常地区为例,建立了区域人地系统可持续发展的评价体系和评价方法。评价体系的建立应遵循空间与时间跨度相结合、简洁与区域分类的原则。人地系统的可持续性是由社会经济的发展水平、资源环境的数量、质量状态及它们的协调度决定的。以苏锡常地区为例,对该地区的可持续发展状况进行了定量分析。研究表明,苏锡常地区人地系统处于弱持续发展状态,区域差异明显。图2,表2,参4。     

区域旅游可持续发展系统的动态仿真

根据可持续发展理念, 构建包含旅游、人口、社会、资源与环境五大子系统的旅游可持续发展系统. 在分析旅游可持续发展系统内部各要素内在关联及动态行为的基础上, 基于系统动力学理论, 建立旅游可持续发展的系统动力学模型. 运用系统动力学建模软件VENSIM, 对西藏旅游可持续发展进行了仿真模拟. 通过对关键要素指标的调控, 提出西藏旅游业应走兼顾环境保护、基础设施投资、专业人才培养、旅游法规制定、旅游企业以及企业员工等要素的可持续发展模式, 为西藏旅游可持续发展的科学管理提供决策依据.     

The Theory and Evaluation Method of the Sustainable Development System About the Harmonious Growth of Population, Resource, Environment and Economy in the County District of China

The linchpin of strategy about the Sustainable Development (SD) in Chinese county enforcement area is to accomplish the basic transformation about the mode of economic development from extensive mode to intensive mode. For most counties of China, the overmany population is an element which influences the Sustainable Development. But to achieve the Sustainable Development based on the harmonious development of population, resource, economy and environment, the most important thing is how to carry on its management and evaluation method under the guide of the Tenth Five-Year Plan of national economy and the Perspective Target of 2010. Therefore ,this paper aims at reforming the traditional judging method focusing on output value-Income and establishing a systematic management method and evaluation index system about the sustainable development based on the harmonious growth of population,resource, economy and environment.     

基于系统工程学理论的可持续住宅评价体系构建

本文在基于系统工程学理论研究的前提下,构建了可持续住宅评价体系,通过建立相应的数学模型和评价方法,对各种性能因素在不同阶段进行信息输入,经过分析、计算、评判、选择最优的实施方案,以达到住宅系统质量最优化、效益最大化、成本最低化的目的,实现其可持续发展的目标。     

可持续发展系统观

可持续发展是一个复杂的动态的机制系统，实现经济、自然(生态)和社会可持续发展是其目的。对可持续发展的系统分析，往往是从实现经济、生态和社会可持续发展三个方面加以论述，是一种用正确目的(结果)来推断过程(原因)的方法。基于逻辑上的完善性和科学性，我们应把可持续发展系统分解成发展层面，并在实施过程中加以考查。从可持续发展过程看，其机制系统包括理论层、操作层和机制层三个层面，理论层是可持续发展的先导，操作层是可持续发展实现的途径，机制层是可持续发展顺利进行的保障。只有三个层面发展的程度基本一致，并在相互作用过程中相互促进，才能实现可持续发展系统的平衡发展。     

基于AHP—DEA与多级模糊综合评价的土地整理项目可持续研究

依据多目标多层次指标体系综合评价的理论与方法,构建了包括工程、经济、资源与管理的土地整理项目可持续后评价指标体系。采用层析分析法（AHP）与数据包络法（DEA）结合的方法确定评价指标权重,建立了多级模糊综合评判模型,并以陕西卤泊滩土地整理项目为例进行实证分析,为土地开发与利用以及产业结构调整提供依据。表1,参8。     

Perceptions of Pediatric Nurses on Ethical Decision Making Processes

The purpose of this study was to determine how pediatric nurses decide on ethical issues in sample cases and how they evaluate those issues in terms of ethical principles, as well as to determine the problem-solving approaches that they recommend in this regard. Qualitative methods were used in this study and the data was collected from 100 pediatric nurses using a demographic data form and an open-ended questionnaire. The demographic data form included questions about the characteristics of nurses and their participation in decisions made about ethical issues. Whereas the open-ended questionnaire consisted of questions regarding sample cases, which were developed by the investigators using current literature. Forty-four percent of the pediatric nurses reported an attempt to solve ethical issues that they encountered through their professional experiences using personal values. On the other hand, 53 % of the pediatric nurses stated that their decisions were sometimes taken into consideration in the treatment plan of their own patients, while 49 % reported that they could not participate in decision-making regarding patients’ discharge. Seventy-six percent of the pediatric nurses did not define the ethical issues in the three sample cases. However, in other cases, most of the nurses evaluated ethical issues correctly and recommended correct approaches. No statistically significant difference was found between their educational backgrounds, professional experiences, the ethical issues that they evaluated, and the approaches recommended for problem solving. It is recommended that nurses receive more undergraduate and in-service ethics training in order to develop appropriate approaches toward the ethical issues they will encounter during their professional lives.