钾离子为底的对称四甲基六元瓜环分子碗

对称四甲基六元瓜环（TMe Q[6]）与钾离子（K＋）在稀盐酸水溶液中相互作用形成配合物,用单晶-X射线衍射仪测试其晶体结构。测试结果表明,配合物形成以TMe Q[6]为“碗体”,钾离子为“碗底”的“分子碗”结构,相邻配合物结构单元之间通过氢键或配位键连接形成一维超分子链。     

对称四甲基六元瓜环的主客体包结配合物

利用^1H NMR技术，考察了新近合成的改性瓜环——对称四甲基六元瓜环(TmeQ[6])与5，5’-二甲基-2，2’-联毗啶(55’)、N-卞基-3-羟基吡啶(f9)、2-苯基-咪唑[4，5-f]，10-邻菲咯啉(SCI)以及N，N’-二卞基-4，4’联吡啶(fx)等一系列有机化合物为客体的相互作用，解析、推测和归纳了这些作用产物的结构特征。     

对称二环己基取代六元瓜环与对咪唑苯胺自组装实体的晶体结构

本文以(CyH)2Q[6]为主体分子和4-(1H-咪唑-2-基)苯胺盐酸盐为客体分子,通过X-射线单晶衍射方法研究发现,主体与客体分子之间通过离子—偶极作用,客体分子的苯胺部分包结在(CyH)2Q[6]的疏水性空腔内,形成(CyH)2Q[6]部分包结客体分子的1:1主客体包结配合物.又通过离子-偶极作用和氢键互相作用,...     

六元瓜环与D,L-色氨酸配合物的晶体结构分析

本文对制备得的六元瓜环(Q[6])与D,L-色氨酸(Try)包结配合物晶体进行了分析.结果表明,该晶体主客体间通过氢键作用、离子-偶极作用形成配合物,位于配合物间的水分子将其连接成超分子链,并呈有规律的层状排列,层与层之间分布着Try分子与大量的水分子.     

五元瓜环与氯化钙配合物的合成及晶体结构

利用单晶X-射线衍射分析方法测定了普通五元瓜环(Q5)与Ca2+在氢溴酸里形成配合物的晶体结构。结构表明Ca2+和Q5可以形成类似二聚体形式的短链,每个瓜环的空腔中都包结着溴离子,形成分子胶囊结构。通过[Zn Cl4]2-和游离的氯离子瓜环之间可以形成一维超分子链和网状结构。     

六元瓜环与氯化钾分子的晶体结构

利用X-射线衍射方法测定六元瓜环(Q[6])与氯化钾分子形成的超分子自组装结构。在该化合物结构中,具有平行四边形结构的双氯化钾分子为胶囊盖,包结了一个1,4-二氧六环分子的六元瓜环为胶囊体,通过瓜环端口的羰基氧原子与钾离子的配位作用形成一个分子胶囊结构以及形成一维超分子链,进一步形成超分子结构实体。     

五元瓜环与CsCl配合物的合成及晶体结构

利用单晶X-射线衍射分析方法测定了五元瓜环与铯离子形成配合物的晶体结构,结果表明该配合物形成了以五元瓜环为胶囊体,氯原子为胶囊芯材,铯离子为胶囊盖的分子胶囊结构,相邻的分子胶囊通过铯离子与水分子之间的配键组装形成一维超分子链,而相邻超分子链之间通过水分子、氯离子之间的氢键作用连接成二维的网状结构。     

全环己基取代六元瓜环与K、Cs离子配合物的晶体结构

在氯化锌(ZnCl2)存在条件下,分别合成了全环已基取代六元瓜环(CyH6Q[6])分别与K+、Cs+形成的配合物,通过单晶X-射线衍射方法对其结构进行了表征,CyH6Q[6]与K离子形成了“单金属分子碗”结构的配合物,而CyH6Q[6]与Cs离子形成了“分子胶囊”结构的配合物.     

六元瓜环与1，6-二吡啶己烷包结配合物的晶体结构

在[ZnCl4]^2-阴离子存在的条件下,制备了六元瓜环（Q[6]）与1,6-二吡啶己烷（Hdpy）形成包结配合物的晶体,该晶体是由主客体通过Q[6]空腔的疏水作用以及外部的离子一偶极作用形成的稳定的类轮烷结构,相邻类轮烷之间通过[ZnCl4]^2-阴离子与水分子以及瓜环端口羰基氧原子氢键作用连接成超分子链。     

十甲基五元瓜环的热分解动力学

采用热重法(TG)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定了十甲基五元瓜环在氮气气氛中的热分解过程.结果表明十甲基五元瓜环热分解是一个三阶段过程.通过对热分解过程的动力学分析,得到非线性回归的初始值,并且通过设定合理的参数进行多元非线性拟合,分别获得三个阶段热分解反应的动力学参数Ea、lgA及其最概然机理.     

Crystal structure of the channelrhodopsin light-gated cation channel

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated cation channels derived from algae that have shown experimental utility in optogenetics; for example, neurons expressing ChRs can be optically controlled with high temporal precision within systems as complex as freely moving mammals. Although ChRs have been broadly applied to neuroscience research, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which these unusual and powerful proteins operate. Here we present the crystal structure of a ChR (a C1C2 chimaera between ChR1 and ChR2 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) at 2.3?? resolution. The structure reveals the essential molecular architecture of ChRs, including the retinal-binding pocket and cation conduction pathway. This integration of structural and electrophysiological analyses provides insight into the molecular basis for the remarkable function of ChRs, and paves the way for the precise and principled design of ChR variants with novel properties.     

Crystal structure of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli intimin-receptor complex

Intimin and its translocated intimin receptor (Tir) are bacterial proteins that mediate adhesion between mammalian cells and attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) causes significant paediatric morbidity and mortality world-wide. A related A/E pathogen, enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC; O157:H7) is one of the most important food-borne pathogens in North America, Europe and Japan. A unique and essential feature of A/E bacterial pathogens is the formation of actin-rich pedestals beneath the intimately adherent bacteria and localized destruction of the intestinal brush border. The bacterial outer membrane adhesin, intimin, is necessary for the production of the A/E lesion and diarrhoea. The A/E bacteria translocate their own receptor for intimin, Tir, into the membrane of mammalian cells using the type III secretion system. The translocated Tir triggers additional host signalling events and actin nucleation, which are essential for lesion formation. Here we describe the the crystal structures of an EPEC intimin carboxy-terminal fragment alone and in complex with the EPEC Tir intimin-binding domain, giving insight into the molecular mechanisms of adhesion of A/E pathogens.     

Crystal structure of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-lisinopril complex

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has a critical role in cardiovascular function by cleaving the carboxy terminal His-Leu dipeptide from angiotensin I to produce a potent vasopressor octapeptide, angiotensin II. Inhibitors of ACE are a first line of therapy for hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction and diabetic nephropathy. Notably, these inhibitors were developed without knowledge of the structure of human ACE, but were instead designed on the basis of an assumed mechanistic homology with carboxypeptidase A. Here we present the X-ray structure of human testicular ACE and its complex with one of the most widely used inhibitors, lisinopril (N2-[(S)-1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-lysyl-L-proline; also known as Prinivil or Zestril), at 2.0 A resolution. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure of ACE shows that it bears little similarity to that of carboxypeptidase A, but instead resembles neurolysin and Pyrococcus furiosus carboxypeptidase--zinc metallopeptidases with no detectable sequence similarity to ACE. The structure provides an opportunity to design domain-selective ACE inhibitors that may exhibit new pharmacological profiles.     

Crystal structure of an Eph receptor-ephrin complex.

The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane-anchored ephrin ligands are important in regulating cell-cell interactions as they initiate a unique bidirectional signal transduction cascade whereby information is communicated into both the Eph-expressing and the ephrin-expressing cells. Initially identified as regulators of axon pathfinding and neuronal cell migration, Ephs and ephrins are now known to have roles in many other cell-cell interactions, including those of vascular endothelial cells and specialized epithelia. Here we report the crystal structure of the complex formed between EphB2 and ephrin-B2, determined at 2.7 A resolution. Each Eph receptor binds an ephrin ligand through an expansive dimerization interface dominated by the insertion of an extended ephrin loop into a channel at the surface of the receptor. Two Eph-Ephrin dimers then join to form a tetramer, in which each ligand interacts with two receptors and each receptor interacts with two ligands. The Eph and ephrin molecules are precisely positioned and orientated in these complexes, promoting higher-order clustering and the initiation of bidirectional signalling.     

1，4二环己基取代六元瓜环与Sr（Ⅱ）自组装实体的合成与晶体结构

合成了-1，4二环己基取代六元瓜环(DCYQ[6])与硝酸锶形成的配合物，其结构为单晶X-射线衍射方法所确定。在此自组装结构中，一个DCYQ[6]分子包结一个硝酸个阴离子，而在DCYQ[6]的两羰基极性端口又与两锶离子作用形成一分子胶囊结构，而这些分子胶囊间又通过氢键自组装形成一维超分子结构。     

Crystal structure of an orthologue of the NaChBac voltage-gated sodium channel

Voltage-gated sodium (Na(v)) channels are essential for the rapid depolarization of nerve and muscle, and are important drug targets. Determination of the structures of Na(v) channels will shed light on ion channel mechanisms and facilitate potential clinical applications. A family of bacterial Na(v) channels, exemplified by the Na(+)-selective channel of bacteria (NaChBac), provides a useful model system for structure-function analysis. Here we report the crystal structure of Na(v)Rh, a NaChBac orthologue from the marine alphaproteobacterium HIMB114 (Rickettsiales sp. HIMB114; denoted Rh), at 3.05?? resolution. The channel comprises an asymmetric tetramer. The carbonyl oxygen atoms of Thr?178 and Leu?179 constitute an inner site within the selectivity filter where a hydrated Ca(2+) resides in the crystal structure. The outer mouth of the Na(+) selectivity filter, defined by Ser?181 and Glu?183, is closed, as is the activation gate at the intracellular side of the pore. The voltage sensors adopt a depolarized conformation in which all the gating charges are exposed to the extracellular environment. We propose that Na(v)Rh is in an 'inactivated' conformation. Comparison of Na(v)Rh with Na(v)Ab reveals considerable conformational rearrangements that may underlie the electromechanical coupling mechanism of voltage-gated channels.     

1,4二环己基取代六元瓜环与Sr(II)自组装实体的合成与晶体结构

合成了一1,4二环己基取代六元瓜环(DCYQ[6])与硝酸锶形成的配合物,其结构为单晶X-射线衍射方法所确定.在此自组装结构中,一个DCYQ[6]分子包结一个硝酸个阴离子,而在DCYQ[6]的两羰基极性端口又与两锶离子作用形成一分子胶囊结构,而这些分子胶囊间又通过氢键自组装形成一维超分子结构.     

几种复对称矩阵及复斜对称矩阵的分解

提出一个复矩阵是对称酉矩阵的充要条件,并用逻辑上类似的方法证明一个类似于复对称正规矩阵的复斜对称正规矩阵的分解,最后对复斜对称矩阵得到了类似于复对称矩阵Takagi分解的结论.     

Crystal structure of the neurotrophin-3 and p75NTR symmetrical complex

Neurotrophins (NTs) are important regulators for the survival, differentiation and maintenance of different peripheral and central neurons. NTs bind to two distinct classes of glycosylated receptor: the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) and tyrosine kinase receptors (Trks). Whereas p75(NTR) binds to all NTs, the Trk subtypes are specific for each NT. The question of whether NTs stimulate p75(NTR) by inducing receptor homodimerization is still under debate. Here we report the 2.6-A resolution crystal structure of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) complexed to the ectodomain of glycosylated p75(NTR). In contrast to the previously reported asymmetric complex structure, which contains a dimer of nerve growth factor (NGF) bound to a single ectodomain of deglycosylated p75(NTR) (ref. 3), we show that NT-3 forms a central homodimer around which two glycosylated p75(NTR) molecules bind symmetrically. Symmetrical binding occurs along the NT-3 interfaces, resulting in a 2:2 ligand-receptor cluster. A comparison of the symmetrical and asymmetric structures reveals significant differences in ligand-receptor interactions and p75(NTR) conformations. Biochemical experiments indicate that both NT-3 and NGF bind to p75(NTR) with 2:2 stoichiometry in solution, whereas the 2:1 complexes are the result of artificial deglycosylation. We therefore propose that the symmetrical 2:2 complex reflects a native state of p75(NTR) activation at the cell surface. These results provide a model for NTs-p75(NTR) recognition and signal generation, as well as insights into coordination between p75(NTR) and Trks.