聚芳硫醚砜纳滤膜的制备及耐溶剂特性表征

以聚芳硫醚砜（PASS）为材料,采用浸没沉淀相转化法制备出平板纳滤膜,研究了制膜过程中工艺参数如聚合物浓度等对膜结构与分离性能的影响,确定最佳制膜条件为：聚合物质量分数22%,刮膜温度80℃,滞空时间0s,凝固浴为纯水。在0.5MPa压力下,最佳条件下制备膜的纯水通量为50.0L/(m ²·h),质量分数为0.01%的刚果红水溶液通量为47.6L/(m ²·h),对刚果红截留率为96.0%。耐溶剂实验结果表明,有机溶剂包括甲苯、二乙醚、甲醇、乙酸乙酯、正己烷和酸碱处理（pH=0～14）对PASS膜通量有较大影响,而对截留率影响不明显,显示出膜具有良好的耐溶剂特性。     

新型聚芳硫醚砜耐溶剂纳滤膜的制备与性能研究

通过浸没沉淀相转化法制备聚芳硫醚砜（PASS）纳滤膜,探讨了蒸发时间和凝固浴组成对膜性能的影响。通过正交试验得到制膜的最优条件为：铸膜液中PASS质量分数24%,蒸发时间120s,凝固浴为纯水。在此条件下制得PASS纳滤膜在0.5MPa、25℃下纯水通量为31.51L/(h·m²),对固绿（M_w=808）的截留率为98.71%。对最优条件下制得PASS纳滤膜进行耐溶剂性能分析的结果表明,在甲醇、正己烷、乙酸乙酯和丙酮中分别浸泡后,PASS纳滤膜在截留率提高的情况下膜的纯水通量没有损失;经30%双氧水和冰醋酸体积比为1/40的混合溶液处理后,PASS纳滤膜在浓硫酸和四氢呋喃中具有良好的稳定性能。     

柴油脱酸溶剂回收用聚酰亚胺纳滤膜的制备和分离性能

针对醇氨法脱除柴油中环烷酸技术存在的溶剂回收过程能耗大的问题,制备出聚酰亚胺纳滤膜以分离环烷酸和溶剂,考察了铸膜液表观黏度、铸膜液挥发时间、凝固浴组成等膜制备工艺对膜通量和截留率的影响,同时考察了抽提液中环烷酸盐质量分数和操作压力等使用条件对膜分离性能的影响规律.结果表明:所得纳滤膜的通量超过17 L·m-2·h-1,截留率超过50%;使用黏度为310 mPa·s的铸膜液、在60 s铸膜液挥发时间、使用纯乙醇为凝固浴可得到综合性能最佳的纳滤膜;提高抽提液中环烷酸盐质量分数,膜通量下降,但对截留率基本无影响;升高操作压力,膜通量和截留率均增大.     

添加剂对聚砜超滤膜性能的影响

以聚砜(PSF)为膜材料,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为大分子添加剂,十六醇、不同种类Tween为低分子添加剂,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,采用相转化法制备平板膜,研究了不同种类添加剂对膜结构与性能的影响.膜的纯水通量随PVP质量分数的增加先升高后降低,当PVP质量分数为50%时达到最大值;而牛血清蛋白(BSA)截留率随PVP质量分数的增加呈单调增加.添加相同质量分数、不同种类的Tween后,膜的水通量降低,而BSA截留率变化不大.其中,添加Tween 80的膜水通量最高,可达94.6L/(m2·h),添加Tween 40的膜对BSA的截留率最大,可达78%.此外,十六醇的加入使膜皮层明显变厚,孔结构不规则且水通量明显下降.     

壳聚糖研究：（Ⅰ）壳聚糖在超滤材料的应用

研究壳聚糖制备超滤膜的膜条件及致孔剂的种类，含量对膜的结构和 影响，结果表明，选择质量分数为７％的水溶性ＰＥＧ为致孔剂所制得膜的水通量和截留率最理想。     

聚多巴胺涂覆改性聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜及其油水分离性能

以聚多巴胺(PDA)为涂层剂,静电纺聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜为基体,制备了PDA/PAN纳米纤维复合材料,测试多巴胺涂层处理对复合材料的表面形貌、力学性能、孔径分布、纯水通量与乳化油截留率等相关性能的影响。研究结果表明:涂层后的静电纺纳米纤维断裂强度明显增加;膜纯水通量明显增大,在涂层液质量浓度为1 mg/mL时静电纺纳米纤维膜纯水通量最高达到14 656L/(m~2·h),较未改性纳米纤维膜增加63%;在涂层液质量浓度为1.5mg/mL时纤维膜获得了最小孔径,其乳化油截留率也达到最佳值(96.1%),同时可以保证高水通量和高乳化油截留率。     

干燥条件对溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2超滤膜的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在管式多孔陶瓷支撑体上制备TiO2超滤膜,对不同干燥条件下制得的膜层的渗透性能、截留性能进行考察.结果表明,当干燥温度为75和85 ℃,相对湿度75%时,可以防止因干燥速率过慢产生的溶胶团聚,还可避免凝胶层中过高的含水量对烧结过程产生的不利影响,从而制得无缺陷的TiO2超滤膜.干燥温度为75 ℃、相对湿度75%时,纯水通量为2.74×10-10 m3/(m2·s·Pa)左右,对聚乙二醇的截留相对分子质量约为15 700.     

热处理对PVDF-PFSA中空纤维共混超滤膜结构及性能的影响

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)与全氟磺酸(PFSA)为共混膜材料,采用湿法纺丝制备了中空纤维共混超滤膜,考察了热处理温度与热处理时间对共混膜的渗透性能、膜结构、受热收缩率及机械性能的影响.结果表明:随热处理温度的升高,截留率先增加后降低,纯水通量先降低后升高,分别在80℃时达到最大值与最小值,80℃时PEG4000的截留率为95.0%,纯水通量为231 L/(m2·h·MPa);膜的渗透性能随热处理时间变化而变化,在15 min时出现极值;热处理使膜的支撑层结构发生转变,膜径向壁厚收缩率较大,轴向膜长度收缩率较小;热处理后中空纤维膜的断裂伸长率降低,而杨氏模量与断裂强度跟热处理后的膜支撑层结构密切相关;湿法纺制的PVDF-PFSA膜,经70℃热处理15 min后,制得截留分子量为4 000的中空纤维共混超滤膜,其纯水通量为261L/(m2·h·MPa).     

纳米ZnO改性PVDF超滤膜的性能

 为改善聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜的亲水性,增强其在水处理中的应用能力,采用相转化法制备了纳米ZnO 改性PVDF超滤膜。分析了纳米ZnO 的添加量对膜结构及性能的影响。通过孔隙率测定、接触角测量、扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、材料试验、超滤实验分别对膜的孔隙率、亲水性、微观结构、机械强度、纯水通量、蛋白截留率及水通量恢复率进行表征。结果表明,纳米ZnO 的质量分数为0.2%时,膜的接触角从改性前的76.3°降至63.4°,亲水性得到明显改善;孔隙率由53.4%升至54.1%;拉伸强度由2.09 MPa 升至2.82 MPa;纯水通量、蛋白截留率及水通量恢复率均有一定程度的提高;膜的断面结构规整,指状孔的尺寸较大,膜表面较光滑。     

表面化学法改性醋酸纤维素微滤膜

通过表面化学法将阴离子聚丙烯酰胺接枝到醋酸纤维素微滤膜上,得到聚电解质改性膜.实验研究了阴离子聚丙烯酰胺质量分数、交联剂质量分数、交联反应温度和反应时间对接枝率、改性膜的水通量和截留率的影响.结果表明,聚电解质质量分数越高、交联剂质量分数越大、反应时间越长、反应温度越高,膜的水通量越低而截留率越高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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