Über Addukte aus Cyclooctatetraen und Schwefeldichlorid

Summary Transannular addition of one mole sulphur dichloride to cyclooctatetraene yielded 2,6-dichloro-9-thiabicyclo-[3.3.1]-3,7-nonadiene. Transannular addition of a second mole sulphur dichloride led to the tetrachlorinated 2,6-dithia-adamantane.

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Physikalisches Institut der Universität Basel.     

基于SVM的旋转机械转子故障预示研究

支持向量机包括支持向量回归机和支持向量分类机.本文提出了一种用于旋转机械转子故障预示的方法,通过支持向量分类机（SVC）对旋转机械转子故障进行分类并建立故障分类器,利用支持向量回归机（SVR）对转子运行状态趋势进行预示,并将预示结果输入到SVC以判断预示结果的属性.对支持向量回归机进行了仿真研究.将支持向量机与神经网络算法从理论和实验研究两个方面进行了对比研究,结果表明,该方法具有较好的故障预示能力.     

Predictivism and the periodic table

This is a comment on the paper by Barnes (2005) and the responses from Scerri (2005) and Worrall (2005), debating the thesis (‘predictivism’) that a fact successfully predicted by a theory is stronger evidence than a similar fact known before the prediction was made. Since Barnes and Scerri both use evidence presented in my paper on Mendeleev’s periodic law (Brush, 1996) to support their views, I reiterate my own position on predictivism. I do not argue for or against predictivism in the normative sense that philosophers of science employ, rather I describe how scientists themselves use facts and predictions to support their theories. I find wide variations, and no support for the assumption that scientists use a single ‘Scientific Method’ in deciding whether to accept a proposed new theory.     

The physical state of alkali ions in a Halobacterium: Some NMR results

Summary Nuclear magnetic relaxation measurements of the ions Na⁺, Rb⁺ and Cs⁺ in a Halobacterium sp. are described. The results support a theoretical model which involves the binding of intracellular alkali ions.We wish to thank the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) and the Nederlandse Stichting voor Zuiver Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (ZWO) for the financial support that made our stay in Groningen possible.     

Is beta-(4-chlorophenyl)-GABA a specific antagonist of substance P on cerebral cortical neurons?

Beta-(4-chlorophenyl)-GABA (Baclofen, Lioresal) antagonized the excitant actions of acetylcholine and substance P to comparable extents. L-glutamate-induced excitation was affected to a lesser extent. These findings do not support the suggestion that beta-(4-chlorophenyl)-GABA is a specific substance P antagonist.     

Renal response to acute saline loading in Sabra hypertension-prone and -resistant rats

The renal handling of an oral isotonic saline load was studied in hypertension-prone (SBH), hypertension-resistant (SBN) and the parental Sabra (SB) rats. The diuretic and natriuretic response of SBH rats was unequivocally diminished, thus lending further support to the concept of impaired salt handling in hypertension.     

“Agreement” in the IPCC Confidence measure

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has, in its most recent Assessment Report (AR5), articulated guidelines for evaluating and communicating uncertainty that include a qualitative scale of confidence. We examine one factor included in that scale: the “degree of agreement.” Some discussions of the degree of agreement in AR5 suggest that the IPCC is employing a consensus-oriented social epistemology. We consider the application of the degree of agreement factor in practice in AR5. Our findings, though based on a limited examination, suggest that agreement attributions do not so much track the overall consensus among investigators as the degree to which relevant research findings substantively converge in offering support for IPCC claims. We articulate a principle guiding confidence attributions in AR5 that centers not on consensus but on the notion of support. In concluding, we tentatively suggest a pluralist approach to the notion of support.     

Comparison of DMSO and glycerol as cryoprotectants for ascites tumor cells

Summary Mouse Ehrlich ascites and rat D23 ascites tumors were stored in liquid nitrogen under identical conditions for up to 3 years. Cell viability (trypan blue exclusion) and transplantability of both tumors in animals remained virtually unaffected if preserved in 10% DMSO containing medium, whereas, cells preserved in 10% glycerol failed to produce lethal tumors in rodents.This work was performed at the Cancer Research Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England. I thank John Geggie for expert technical assistance; to the North of England Council of the Cancer Research Campaign and the National Science Foundation (ENG-78-25432) for financial support; and to Dr John A. Dickson for advice and encouragement. Also, I am indebted to Professor Rakesh K. Jain for his support.     

Circularity,indispensability, and mathematical explanation in science

In this paper I consider the objection that the Enhanced Indispensability Argument (EIA) is circular and hence fails to support mathematical platonism. The objection is that the explanandum in any mathematical explanation of a physical phenomenon is itself identified using mathematical concepts. Hence the explanandum is only genuine if the truth of some mathematical theory is already presupposed. I argue that this objection deserves to be taken seriously, that it does sometimes undermine support for EIA, but that there is no reason to think that circularity is an unavoidable feature of mathematical explanation in science.     

Spontaneous deoxygenation of N-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-acetohydroxamic Acid: An exceptionally facile process

Summary An exceptionally facile spontaneous deoxygenation of N-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-acetohydroxamic acid to its corresponding amide, without apparent literature precedent, is reported.We acknowledge the Research Corporation for financial support.     

Predictive models for influence of primary delays using high-speed train operation records

Primary delays are the driving force behind delay propagation, and predicting the number of affected trains (NAT) and the total time of affected trains (TTAT) due to primary delay (PD) can provide reliable decision support for real-time train dispatching. In this paper, based on real operation data from 2015 to 2016 at several stations along the Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway, NAT and TTAT influencing factors were determined after analyzing the PD propagation mechanism. The eXtreme Gradient BOOSTing (XGBOOST) algorithm was used to establish a NAT predictive model, and several machine learning methods were compared. The importance of different delayinfluencing factors was investigated. Then, the TTAT predictive model (using support vector regression (SVR) algorithms) was established based on the NAT predictive model. Results indicated that the XGBOOST algorithm performed well with the NAT predictive model, and SVR was the optimal model for TTAT prediction under the verification index (i.e., the ratio of the difference between the actual and predicted value was less than 1/2/3/4/5 min). Real operational data in 2018 were used to test the applicability of the NAT and TTAT models over time, and findings suggest that these models exhibit sound applicability over time based on XGBOOST and SVR, respectively.     

Variable selection and oversampling in the use of smooth support vector machines for predicting the default risk of companies

In the era of Basel II a powerful tool for bankruptcy prognosis is vital for banks. The tool must be precise but also easily adaptable to the bank's objectives regarding the relation of false acceptances (Type I error) and false rejections (Type II error). We explore the suitability of smooth support vector machines (SSVM), and investigate how important factors such as the selection of appropriate accounting ratios (predictors), length of training period and structure of the training sample influence the precision of prediction. Moreover, we show that oversampling can be employed to control the trade‐off between error types, and we compare SSVM with both logistic and discriminant analysis. Finally, we illustrate graphically how different models can be used jointly to support the decision‐making process of loan officers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Renal response to acute saline loading in Sabra hypertension-prone and-resistant rats

Summary The renal handling of an oral isotonic saline load was studied in hypertension-prone (SBH), hypertension-resistant (SBN) and the parental Sabra (SB) rats. The diuretic and natriuretic response of SBH rats was unequivocally diminished, thus lending further support to the concept of impaired salt handling in hypertension.This work was supported in part by a grant from Bayer AG, FRG.     

Enzymatic oxidation of xanthobilirubic acid

Summary Xanthobilirubic acid (XBR) undergoes enzymatic oxidation in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and tertbutyl hydroperoxide to give cleanly methylethylmaleimide (1) and 5-formyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-propanoic acid (2).The authors wish to thank the National Science Foundation (NSF CHE 79-10133) and the National Institute of Child Health (HD 09026) for generous support of this work.     

New non-photodynamic (type B) phototoxic molecules

Summary This report completes the examination of the 3 butadiynes substituted with phenyl and thienyl groups, and their related thiophene molecules. With the exception of 2,5-diphenylthiophene, they are all non-photodynamic (type B) phototoxic compounds.Acknowledgments. We are grateful to the National Institutes of Health for the support of this research (GM 24144).     

On the cyclization of farnesic acid

Summary Acetic anhydride treatment of farnesic acids leads to the expected cyclohexenones (V and VI) and to the alternative formation of the [3. 2. 0]-bicycloheptenones (IV orVII) depending on the geometry of the central double bond of the acid.This work has received financial support from Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.     

Profound hypothermia in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) induced by serotonergic potentiating and noradrenergic inhibiting drugs

Summary Profound hypothermia (6°C) was induced in cold exposed golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) by a combination of drugs that potentiate brain serotonergic activity (fluoxetine and pargyline) and inhibit noradrenergic activity (alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine). Individual drugs and combinations of 2 were ineffective.Acknowledgements. We acknowledge the support of a research grant PCM74-05158 A01 to A.H.M. from the National Science Foundation (USA) and thank Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, for the gift of fluoxetine (Lilly 110140).     

发达国家的国家创新战略对我国的启示

本文探讨了发达国家的国家创新战略比较注重、而我国比较忽视的五个方面.一、加强中小学科学教育,从小培养国民的创新思维和创新能力;二、积极支持中小企业在创新活动中发挥关键作用;三、设立具体明确、具有可检验性的创新战略目标;四、注重发挥产业界在创新战略制定中的作用;五、将公众的支持和消费者的参与视为创新成功的重要因素.     

The localization of [3H]-desipramine in central nerve terminals studied with electron microscope autoradiography and subcellular fractionation

Summary The cellular and subcellular distribution of [³H]-desipramine (DMI) in rat brain was studied by electron microscope (EM) autoradiography and by subcellular fractionation. A considerable proportion of label was found to be bound to the membranes of presynaptic nerve terminals, as well as to sites inside those terminals.Acknowledgment. The authors are most grateful to Mr and Mrs Gudelsky for their generous support.     

NADP-isocitric dehydrogenase of gerbil adrenal mitochondria: support of steroid hydroxylation

In gerbil adrenal cortex the activity of intramitochondrial NADP-linked isocitric dehydrogenase (IDH) is up to 10-fold greater than the NAD-linked IDH. The NADP-IDH, apparent Km 0.58 mM, Vmax 280 nmoles/min/mg mitochondrial protein, appears to be the major source of reducing equivalents to support adrenal mitochondrial steroid 11B- and 19-hydroxylation in this species.