采煤沉陷区水体有机氯农药的污染特征及风险评价

为研究采煤塌陷水域不同深度水体有机氯农药（Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs）的污染特征及风险评价,使用GC-MS对淮南谢桥矿农田塌陷区水体中的OCPs进行质量浓度测定,利用ArcGIS进行OCPs特征污染物六六六和滴滴涕分布特征及来源研究,并选择美国环境保护署（U.S EPA）推荐的健康风险评价模型进行评价。结果表明：OCPs平均含量范围为583.45~797.62 ng·L-1,悬浮物中OCPs平均含量范围为418.03~610.11 ng·L-1,整体呈现出由表层到底层逐渐递增的趋势,研究区水域的OCPs质量浓度在中国水域中处于中等偏上水平,水体中HCHs主要来源于近期林丹等杀虫剂的使用,DDTs主要来源于农业三氯杀螨醇的污染。水体的非致癌健康风险指数为2.320×10-3～6.813×10-3,致癌健康风险指数为6.814×10-7～1.575×10-6,表明沉陷区水体中OCPs对人体未达到致癌风险。     

淀山湖表层水、沉积物和鱼体中有机氯农药的时空变化及人体暴露风险

有机氯农药(organochlorine pesticides, OCPs)是一类持久性有机污染物, 研究它们在城市近郊湖泊的污染状况, 有助于更好地了解其对湖泊水环境的影响. 研究了上海近郊淀山湖表层水、沉积物和鱼体中的OCPs污染状况及人体暴露的健康风险. 结果表明, 六六六(hexachlorocyclohexanes, HCHs)和滴滴涕(dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes, DDTs)分别是表层水和沉积物中的主要OCPs 污染物, OCPs 在淀山湖野生鱼体中也有检出. 淀山湖中HCHs 和DDTs 的来源主要是历史残留. 沉积物中的OCPs 浓度相对比较稳定, 但表层水中的浓度随采样时间有一定变化, 即丰水期浓度高于枯水期. 淀山湖进水区域的污染程度普遍高于出水区域. 考察了饮食摄入(食鱼和饮水)、呼吸和皮肤渗透(游泳) 3 种途径对人体暴露量的影响, 发现饮食摄入是DDTs和HCHs的主要暴露源. 淀山湖水环境已受到OCPs的影响, 但污染水平不高且不会产生健康风险.     

太湖梅梁湾沉积物和水生生物中有机氯农药分布特征及风险评估

根据太湖梅梁湾有机氯农药(OCPs)污染情况,采用GC/ECD分析了梅梁湾沉积物,并对4种鱼及螺狮为代表的水生生物中有机氯农药的残留现状进行了风险评估.结果表明:沉积物(干重)中OCPs浓度范围在8.45~48.54 ng/g之间,生物样品(湿重)中的浓度范围在2.68~31.34 ng/g之间.人类食用OCPs污染的水产品的潜在健康风险评估显示,从非致癌风险角度滴滴涕(DDTs)、六氯苯(HCB)、氯丹(CHL)和七氯环氧的危险商RHQ均小于1;从致癌风险角度,除CHL外,DDTs、HCB、六六六(HCHs)、七氯环氧的危险比RHR均大于1,长期癌症风险不容忽视.根据淡水沉积物质量导则标准估算,太湖梅梁湾沉积物中OCPs残留对水生生态系统的影响较小.     

官厅水库水体多环芳烃残留特征及健康风险评价?

选用GC-MS分析官厅水库水体中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的残留情况,并探讨该区域水体PAHs残留特征及其可能的健康风险.研究结果表明,12种PAHs均有不同程度的检出,PAHs总质量浓度为66.20~368.35ng·L-1,与国内其他地区相比,残留水平较低.利用健康风险评价模型对水体中PAHs所致健康风险的评价结果表明,水体中的PAHs的非致癌风险在5.84×10-13~4.90×10-12a-1之间,致癌风险低于2.89×10-9a-1,均低于国际辐射防护委员会推荐水平,目前研究区水体中PAHs类污染物对人体产生的健康风险处于较低水平.     

吉林省前郭灌区表层土壤有机氯农药残留水平及生态风险评估

本研究以东北四大灌区之一的前郭灌区农田土壤为研究对象,选用GC/ECD对该地区表层农田土壤中有机氯农药(Organochlorine pesticides,OCPs)中滴滴涕类(DDTs)和六六六类(HCHs)进行分析,并探讨其组成特征和来源。结果表明,前郭灌区表层土壤受OCPs污染较为严重,γ-HCH、p,p'-DDT和o,p'-DDT为本区域OCPs的主要残留物。土壤HCHs的污染历史较长,HCHs残留以α-HCH和γ-HCH为主;大部分采样点P,P'-DDT/(P,P'-DDD+P,P'-DDE)大于1,表明前郭灌区土壤中的DDTs仍有新源输入。生态风险评估结果表明,HCHs对土壤生物的生态风险较低,而DDTs对于土壤中的鸟类消费者具有一定的生态风险。     

有机氯农药污染场地的健康风险评价

以某农药污染场地为评价对象,经2次布点采样,土壤样品分析结果与美国EPA通用土壤筛选基准(SSLs)对比确认该场地土壤主要受到六六六(HCHs)(α-HCH,β-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH)、滴滴涕(DDT)、滴滴伊(DDE)和滴滴滴(DDD)有机氯农药(OCPs)的污染,并且HCHs的残留量为从低于0.01mg/kg到508mg/kg,DDTs残留水平为从低于0.01mg/kg到390mg/kg.HCHs的残留水平要高于DDTs.β-HCH和DDD为优势污染物.该场地地下水样品分析结果表明地下水没有受到OCPs的污染.使用RBCAtool kit 2.5软件进行健康风险的计算,得出95%置信上限浓度对应的人体健康风险值.计算结果表明该场地有机氯农药的单一致癌风险值超过了1×10-6,并且表层污染物累加致癌风险值超过了1×10-4.     

吉林省前郭灌区表层土壤有机氯农药残留水平及生态风险评估

本研究以东北四大灌区之一的前郭灌区农田土壤为研究对象,选用GC/ECD对该地区表层农田土壤中有机氯农药（Organochlorine pesticides,OCPs）中滴滴涕类（DDTs）和六六六类（HCHs）进行分析,并探讨其组成特征和来源.结果表明,前郭灌区表层土壤受OCPs污染较为严重,γ-HCH、p,p＇-DDT和o,p＇-DDT为本区域OCPs的主要残留物.土壤HCHs的污染历史较长,HCHs残留以α-HCH和γ-HCH为主;大部分采样点P,P＇-DDT/（P,P＇-DDD＋P,P＇-DDE）大于1,表明前郭灌区土壤中的DDTs仍有新源输入.生态风险评估结果表明,HCHs对土壤生物的生态风险较低,而DDTs对于土壤中的鸟类消费者具有一定的生态风险.     

唐河地下水有机氯农药(OCPs)的分布特征及风险评估

为评估雄安新区唐河污水库周边地下水有机氯农药(OCPs)污染状况,对2019年采集的36个地下水样品中OCPs进行分析,初步确定六氯环己烷(HCHs)和双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(DDTs)的组成特征和来源,并对其健康风险进行评价.结果表明:1)唐河地下水OCPs污染程度较轻,OCPs总量为nd～45.60 ng/L,检出率为...     

道路灰尘中有机氯农药的污染特征

系统探讨了新乡市道路灰尘中有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量、分布,解析了道路灰尘中OCPs的来源,评价了新乡市道路灰尘中OCPs的生态风险.结果表明,新乡市道路灰尘中16种OCPs的总量范围为2.37⁷24.74ng/g,平均含量为155.54ng/g.DDTs,HCB,HCHs是新乡市道路灰尘中检出的主要OCPs,检出率均为100%,含量分别为32.26ng/g(1.09724.74ng/g,平均含量为155.54ng/g.DDTs,HCB,HCHs是新乡市道路灰尘中检出的主要OCPs,检出率均为100%,含量分别为32.26ng/g(1.09¹65.31ng/g),114.96ng/g(0.58165.31ng/g),114.96ng/g(0.58⁶93.28ng/g),4.51ng/g(0.36693.28ng/g),4.51ng/g(0.36¹4.10ng/g),占总OCPs的比例分别为39.07%,45.16%,10.98%.通过对HCHs,DDTs,氯丹组成特征的分析,表明新乡市道路灰尘中的OCPs主要来源于历史上OCPs的使用.根据沉积物风险评估值,新乡市道路灰尘中的OCPs存在较高的生态风险.     

成都市蔬菜种植地土壤中有机氯农药分布特征及风险评价

采用GC-ECD检测、GC/MS-MS确证的方法分析成都市14个区县蔬菜地土壤中有机氯农药（OCPs）残留水平、分布特征及可能存在的生态风险.结果表明：不同样点间OCPs残留量差异较大（20.18-104.33μg.kg^-1）,近郊区县远低于边缘区县;被检出的18种OCPs中,DDTs与HCHs检出率最高（100%）...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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