ZnO/V_2O_5纳米管阵列的合成及其光电化学性能研究（英文）

通过简单直接的两步电化学沉积法成功制备了核壳结构的ZnO/V2O5纳米管阵列.通过采用XRD,SEM,TEM和XPS等表征手段对这些制备的ZnO/V2O5核壳纳米管结构的物相和微结构进行分析.光电化学测试结果表明:ZnO/V2O5核壳纳米管阵列相比于单一的ZnO纳米棒阵列具有明显增强的光电化学性能,使其有望在光解水领域得到广泛的应用.     

Sb2S3纳米粒子敏化ZnO微纳分级结构的光电化学性能

采用电化学沉积方法,选择聚乙二醇(PEG-400)和乙二胺(EDA)为添加剂,直接在ITO导电玻璃上制备了有序阵列的ZnO纳米棒,以及ZnO纳米棒上生长纳米棒微纳分级结构。采用化学浴沉积法均匀沉积Sb2S3纳米粒子,制备了Sb2S3/ZnO纳米棒壳核结构和Sb2S3/ZnO纳米棒上生长纳米棒分级壳核结构。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、瞬态光电流等分析手段对其形貌、结构和光电化学性能进行了表征和测试。研究表明,Sb2S3/ZnO纳米棒上生长纳米棒分级壳核结构阵列膜的光电流明显高于Sb2S3/ZnO纳米棒壳核结构阵列。     

模板电化学合成纳米材料的研究进展

模板电化学合成是一种简单直接地制备纳米材料的有效方法。介绍几种常用的模板材料、国内外模板电化学沉积在制备功能纳米材料上的应用,综述了模板电化学制备纳米线阵列、纳米管、纳米导电聚合物以及纳米核壳结构材料的研究进展。制备新型复合纳米结构有序阵列、开展纳米器件的研制是模板合成研究领域的重要方向,这样的有序阵列在光学、磁学、催化及电化学等领域有着重要的应用前景。     

ZnO不同微结构/ZnFe_2O_4复合薄膜光生电荷热动力学与光电性质研究

采用不同方法分别制备出ZnO纳米颗粒、纳米线、纳米棒、纳米管4种微结构,以ZnFe2O4为无机染料敏化剂在ITO透明导电玻璃上制备成ZnO不同微结构/ZnFe2O4异质结.XRD检测结果表明,所有复合结构中两种组分都达到了良好的结晶状态;而且,各复合薄膜体系都呈现出了异质结复合结构的光吸收特性,但光吸收性质差异不明显.稳态表面光电压谱测试结果表明,各异质结构都呈现出优于单一组分的光伏响应特性;而且,4种异质结构光伏性质呈现出:ZnO纳米管/ZnFe2O4ZnO纳米棒/ZnFe2O4ZnO纳米线/ZnFe2O4ZnO纳米颗粒/ZnFe2O4的特点.在较弱正外电场诱导下,复合薄膜仍然保持稳态下的光伏响应特性;随着外电场逐步提高,ZnO纳米颗粒/ZnFe2O4光伏性质增加非常明显,在+2V电压诱导下,ZnO纳米颗粒/ZnFe2O4已接近ZnO纳米管/ZnFe2O4的光伏响应强度,并明显高于另外两种异质结构的光伏性质.从光阳极微结构、自由电荷扩散长度、空间电荷区厚度、载流子参数、内建电场和能级匹配几个方面,详细讨论了ZnO/ZnFe2O4异质结中光生电荷分离的影响因素以及光生电荷传输机制.     

ZnO/SnO_2核壳结构染料敏化太阳能电池性能研究

文章采用水热/溶剂热法分别合成一维ZnO纳米线阵列及均匀SnO2纳米颗粒,再通过旋涂法合成了ZnO纳米线/SnO2纳米颗粒核壳复合纳米结构。在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)中,与单一结构的ZnO纳米阵列或SnO2纳米颗粒光阳极相比,所合成的新型复合纳米结构的光阳极能有效地提高光电性能,短路电流、开路电压及转化效率分别为2.93mA/cm2、0.64V、0.74%。入射光光电转换效率(IPCE)、强度调制光电流谱(IMPS)及强度调制光电压谱(IMVS)的测试结果表明:SnO2纳米颗粒包裹层能增加比表面积,有利于染料的吸附;能有效地抑制ZnO与电解液界面的电子复合,提高了电子寿命。     

ZnO/Cu2O异质结的制备及其光电性能研究

通过两步法制备了由ZnO纳米棒阵列和Cu2O薄膜组成的异质结。首先利用低温湿化学法在掺氟的SnO2导电玻璃(比较FTO)上生长ZnO纳米棒阵列,然后在ZnO纳米棒阵列上通过水热法继续生长Cu2O薄膜,形成ZnO/Cu2O异质结。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪的表征结果得知,ZnO纳米棒阵列具有很好的c轴取向性,其长度为1μm;而Cu2O薄膜的厚度为1.5μm,其(111)面优先沿ZnO的(002)面外延生长。与ZnO纳米棒阵列相比,ZnO/Cu2O异质结在可见光范围内吸收强度明显增强。在模拟太阳光照射下(AM 1.5,100mW/cm2),由ZnO/Cu2O异质结构成的太阳能电池器件的开路电压为0.36V,短路电流密度为7.8mA/cm2,对应的填充因子为31%,光电转换效率为0.86%。     

微波水热法制备ZnO/氧化石墨烯及其光电化学性能研究

利用微波水热法在316L不锈钢片基底上制备一维ZnO纳米阵列/氧化石墨烯(ZnO/GO)复合材料,借助SEM、TEM、UV-Vis及可见光光照下的恒电位i-t曲线等手段,对加入氧化石墨烯浓度不同的ZnO/GO样品的形貌、结构及光电化学性能进行表征。结果表明,ZnO纳米棒均匀垂直于316L不锈钢基底生长,GO片层嵌入在ZnO纳米棒结构中间;GO的引入促进了ZnO中产生的光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而使ZnO/GO复合材料相较于ZnO具有更佳的光电化学性能。当加入GO溶液浓度为0.5mg/mL时,所制样品中ZnO纳米棒阵列发育完善、排列致密,样品的光电流密度达到18μA/cm~2,为纯一维ZnO纳米结构相应值的3.6倍。     

表面Au改性增强ZnO光阳极性能实验设计

设计了一种新型的半导体光电化学性能实验,该光电化学系统是由ZnO纳米棒阵列光阳极、Pt对电极、饱和甘汞参比电极以及电解液构成.首先,运用水热法在氟掺杂氧化锡（FTO）导电基体材料上生长结构有序的ZnO纳米棒阵列,然后采用光沉积的方法在ZnO纳米棒表面沉积适量纳米Au颗粒得到Au/ZnO纳米棒阵列.通过扫描电子显微镜分析材料的微观形貌,利用紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱、光电化学和电化学阻抗谱等方法测试分析ZnO光电极材料的各项性能.证实了通过在ZnO阵列上负载合适浓度的Au颗粒会显著改善其光电响应,降低其界面电荷转移电阻.该实验不仅能培养本科生严谨的科学研究态度,而且能开发其创新潜能,提高其解决复杂工程问题的能力.     

ZnO纳米管阵列/p-Si异质结构的低温控制合成及其光电性能

通过选择性腐蚀ZnO纳米棒,在p型Si衬底上低温合成了ZnO纳米管阵列,构成ZnO纳米管阵列/p-Si异质结构(n-ZnONT/p-Si).ZnO纳米管阵列光致发光谱显示,在378 nm处出现了很强的紫外发射峰,而在500 nm左右有一个较宽的绿色发光峰,表明ZnO纳米管具有较好的结晶性.电流-电压曲线显示,n-ZnONT/p-Si异质结构在光暗两种条件下都表现出了较好的整流特性.在紫外光照射下,反向偏压区电流出现了较大的变化,反映出n-ZnONT/p-Si异质结构有较强的紫外光响应,有望成为潜在的紫外光探测器件.     

Zn基ZnO纳米棒阵列的制备和发光特性

N2H4.H2O水热体系中,在Zn基底上制备出了ZnO纳米棒薄膜。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)及发致发光谱(PL)等分析测试手段,研究了ZnO薄膜的形貌结构和发光特性。结果表明,预处理工艺不同,Zn基底表面状态不同,ZnO薄膜形貌也不同。在经预氧化形核的Zn基底上易于制备ZnO纳米棒薄膜。在单一取向的Zn基面上,易于制备ZnO纳米棒阵列。PL测试分析表明,ZnO纳米棒有强的近带边紫外光发射峰和弱的缺陷发射峰。阵列棒本征发射峰强度最高、缺陷峰最弱,反映了该ZnO纳米棒结晶质量高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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