混凝土薄板结构振动声辐射试验与分析

针对低频的结构振动声辐射问题,以几何尺寸为1.6 m×1.6 m×0.06 m的混凝土薄板为研究对象,在半消声室中采用单点激励的方法,试验研究了不同荷载幅值、频率、激励位置对混凝土薄板振动声辐射特性的影响,并通过正交试验设计,分析了混凝土薄板结构辐射声压对激振荷载的敏感性.研究结果表明：随着激振力幅值的增大,混凝土薄板结构辐射的声压越大,且在激振幅值增大一倍时,结构振动加速度和声压也随之增大近一倍;第一阶模态固有频率对结构振动贡献最大,该频率下的结构噪声辐射值也最大;通过激励点位置在薄板对角线上的改变,发现激振点位置对于空间场点的声压影响明显,但远场点影响相对较小;以场点峰值声压作为指标,通过正交试验分析,确定激振频率对薄板结构声辐射的影响最大,激振幅值次之,激励位置影响最小.     

侧面辐射声化学反应器的声场研究

目的 研究侧面辐射声化学反应器的声场分布.方法 从三维声波方程出发,根据声化学反应器的声学边界条件,推导其中的声压表达式.结果 声场中声压由多种简正声波和高次同相振动叠加而成.结论 声压幅值的横向分布取决于声源的振动方式,纵向分布取决于反应容器的几何尺寸、声源振动频率、液体中的声速以及液体的深度等.近场区以高次同相振动为主,声压幅值随着纵向距离的增大而迅速衰减;远场区则以简正声波为主,声压幅值随着纵向距离的增大而起伏变化.     

浅海波导中椭球体声散射特性研究

利用边界元法研究了三维海洋波导中声波与椭球散射体相互作用问题.分析了海洋波导中声波与结构体相互作用的声散射特性,包括声压在水平断面和垂直断面的分布特点.数值分析表明:浅海中椭球体的散射特性与自由场中明显不同,当椭球体按照一定比例变化时,其散射声压变化规律会近似于球体而声压幅值低于球体,这对于浅海中非规则目标散射特性的研究是非常重要的.浅海波导对散射目标有显著的影响.     

辐射板对磁致伸缩换能器输出特性的影响

辐射板作为磁致伸缩换能器的最终输出元件,它所选用的材料、尺寸、形状将直接影响换能器的工作特性。本文在换能器工作原理的基础上,通过有限元软件ATILA模拟仿真在相同激励力、边界条件下,不同材料、尺寸、形状的辐射板对磁致伸缩换能器输出特性(频率、振动幅值、声压幅值)的影响。结果表明:硬铝材料辐射板出现活塞振型时振幅最大;增加辐射板直径D可有效增加辐射板振动幅值,同时增加辐射板辐射声压值,增加辐射板厚度H可有效增加辐射板出现活塞振型的频率值;凹球面辐射板出现活塞振型时振幅最大,对应谐振腔中声压幅值最高。以上分析结果为合理设计辐射板结构提供了参考。     

线分布激励下功能梯度材料矩形板声辐射研究

根据Rayleigh公式,建立了预测功能梯度矩形板在无限障板中的声辐射模型并进行了理论研究.求解时,根据功能梯度复合材料矩形板的基本动力方程,首先利用模态叠加法求出线分布激励载荷作用下功能梯度板横向振动位移,然后对振动位移进行傅里叶变换,根据Rayleigh公式求解,最终得到远场声压近似解析解.通过数值仿真计算了不同阻尼、板厚、板宽和梯度指数下功能梯度板的辐射声压.对近场声辐射亦进行了数值积分分析.     

基于声辐射控制的驾驶室内声场优化

针对板结构的声辐射控制,在小振幅简谐振动情况下,以声辐射模态、直接边界元理论为基础,分析得出结构表面法向振速幅值是影响板结构声辐射功率和辐射声压的主要因素.以某挖掘机驾驶室为例,建立考虑座椅的驾驶室声学边界元模型,通过对板件声功率贡献分析,确定驾驶员右耳处主要峰值频率下声功率贡献突出的板件区域.针对声功率贡献突出的板件,以各板件表面法向振速均方根值的加权值最小为目标函数,建立优化数学模型,进行声场优化.结果表明,多个目标频率下声压响应峰值都有显著的下降.因此,采用所提出的优化方法可有效地控制驾驶室内辐射声场,具有显著的降噪效果.     

齿轮结构振动声学特性数值分析

交替运用结构有限元法与声学边界元法,对齿轮结构振动声学特性数值计算问题进行了研究。建立了齿轮结构三维有限元分析模型,通过频响分析计算,获得结构振动响应特性参数。以齿轮结构频响分析计算结果为声学边界条件,建立了齿轮三维边界元声学分析模型,并采用直接边界元法,对齿轮近场声学特性进行了计算,得到齿轮结构在简谐激励下的声辐射声压,为降低噪声提供理论依据。计算结果表明,所建立的振动和声辐射模型及算法是有效的。     

多种激励条件下复杂圆柱结构的中频声辐射预测及验证

利用混合有限元-统计能量分析法,研究不同激励条件下复杂圆柱结构的声辐射特性.构建了一种空中及水下航行器的典型结构——复杂圆柱结构.在半消声室中测量了圆柱结构腔内声压级水平.结果表明:在不同激励条件下,该方法预测的复杂圆柱结构在中频段的声压值与实验测量结果比较吻合,能够较准确反应各个频率段及拐点处的声辐射情况.预测误差随激励的类型及频率的改变存在一定差异,其中声-力混合激励下预测误差最小.随着频率的增加预测精度越来越高.     

环肋柱壳振动和声辐射试验分析

对环肋光壳和外表敷设粘弹性阻尼材料的环肋柱壳进行了振动和声辐射试验，测量了壳体的固有频率和辐射声压，并与理论计算值做了对比，结果发现环肋光壳比敷设阻尼材料的环肋柱壳的同阶固有频率高，壳体外表面敷设阻尼材料后，在相同的激励下其辐射声压级普遍降低，降低的幅值大小与激励的频率和辐射的方向有关，表明本文的计算方法是可信的，阻尼材料对抑制振动和声辐射是非常有效的．     

基于声发射监测的316LN不锈钢的疲劳损伤评价

疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展容易导致压力容器及管道的严重疲劳失效.因此就设备的安全可靠性而言,非常有必要对疲劳裂纹扩展过程进行监测,并对疲劳损伤程度进行评估.本文针对316LN不锈钢材料进行疲劳实验研究,利用直流电位法测量实验中的裂纹长度,得到了材料的疲劳裂纹扩展曲线.利用声发射技术对疲劳裂纹扩展过程进行监测,通过声发射多参数分析对疲劳损伤状态进行评价,同时建立了声发射参数与线弹性断裂力学参数之间的关系,并进行寿命预测.研究表明:声发射能够对316LN不锈钢的疲劳裂纹损伤进行有效评估,声发射累积参数如累积计数、累积能量和累积幅值曲线上的转折点标志着疲劳裂纹进入快速扩展阶段,这可以为工程人员提供失效预警;声发射波形和频谱分析表明,噪声信号的幅值较小且信号持续时间较长,信号包含的频率成分比较复杂,而裂纹扩展信号是突发型信号,衰减较快,信号频率主要集中在80～170 kHz范围内;声发射计数率、能量率和幅值率与应力强度因子幅度以及疲劳裂纹扩展速率之间呈线性关系,裂纹长度预测结果与实测值接近.本研究工作对于工程结构的疲劳失效预警和剩余寿命预测具有重要意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that