藜蒿挥发油化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取洞庭湖区野生藜蒿挥发油,用GC-MS法测定其化学成分和质量分数,其馏出物共鉴定出48种化合物,主要有:α-丁香烯(15.734%)、丁香烯(13.246%)、1-甲基-1-乙烯基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)-4-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)-环己烷(9.511%)、(E)-7,11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(5.267%)、八氢-4a,8a-二甲基-7-(1-甲乙基)-1(2H)-萘酮(4.184%)、Z,E-2,13-十八碳二烯-1-醇(4.126%)、α-没药醇(2.950%)、(1S-内)-乙酸-1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]-2-己酯(2.845%)、吉马烯D(2.803%)等.     

L—2（10）—蒎烯四醋酸铅氧化产生扩环产物的结构

在四醋酸铅氧化L-2(10)-蒎烯的产物中,首次分离得到三种扩环产物2、3、4,经HR-MS、EI-MS、NMR(~1H、~(13)C、H-H COSY、H-C COSY)、IR等波谱方法确定,分别为(1S,6S)-7,7-二甲基双环[4.1.1]-3-辛烷酮及其异构体(1R,6S)-7,7-二甲基双环[4.1.1]-2-辛烷酮和(4S)-4-异丙烯基环庚烷酮,文中还讨论了反应机理。     

双环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-羧酸乙酯衍生物的合成与表征

以混合碳五和丙烯酰氯为起始原料合成了双环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-甲酰氯,然后经吡啶催化分别与1-甲基环己醇、1-甲基环戊醇和2-乙基-2-金刚烷醇反应合成了1-甲基环己基双环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-羧酸乙酯、1-甲基环戊基双环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-羧酸乙酯和2-乙基金刚烷-2-基双环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-羧酸乙酯等.通过MS和HNMR表征了目标产物结构.     

吉安杉木碎屑精油的化学成分分析研究

采用常压水蒸汽蒸馏法提取了吉安县杉木加工过程中产生的碎屑精油,该精油具有典型的木香香气,其中得油率为1.0%~1.5%.用GC-MS法对该油进行了定性定量分析,在分出的65个色谱峰中共鉴定出49种化合物,占精油总量的92.8%,其中含有柏木醇(39.98%)、α-柏木烯(10.17%)、雪松烯(5.59%)、乙酸柏木酯(3.35%)、5-(7a-异丙烯基-4,5-二甲基八氢化茚-4-基)-3-甲基-2-戊烯-1-醇(3.22%)、[s-(E,E)]-1-甲基-5-亚甲基-8-异丙基-1,6-环癸二烯(2.97%)、杜松醇等.     

云木香挥发油化学成分的研究

目的:对云木香挥发油进行化学成分的研究,为云木香的进一步开发和利用提供科学依据.方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法从云木香中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法对化学成分进行分析,以归一化法计算各个化学成分的相对含量.结果:共分离出140个峰,鉴定了其中56个化学成分,占挥发油总油量的83.29%.结论:云木香挥发油中的主要成分为(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(20.07%)、1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)-[1R-(1α,3aβ,4α,7β)]-薁(10.04%)、石竹烯(6.69%)、3a,4,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-八氢-6-甲基-3,9-二亚甲基-[3aS-(3aα,6aα,9aα,9bβ)]-奥[4,5-b]呋喃-2(3H)-酮(6.37%).     

新疆产黄花蒿挥发油成分研究

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取，运用毛细管气相色谱．质谱联用法对新疆产黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)挥发性化学成分进行了分析，用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对百分含量，经毛细管色谱分离出48个峰，并鉴定出峰所对应的化合物，其主要化学成分为2，5-二氢-3-甲基呋喃(68．48％)；β—月桂烯(10．13％)；1R，3Z，9S-4，11，11-三甲基-8-亚甲基二环[7，2，0]-3-十一碳烯(7．74％)；7，11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1，6，10-十二碳三烯(2．42％)；桉油醇(1．68％)；圣亚麻三烯(1．52％)等，为进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

花梨木挥发油化学成分的分析

采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱(CGC-MS)联用技术对花梨木挥发油的化学成分进行研究,经毛细管气相色谱分离出29个组分,共确认了其中的24种成分,占总油量的96.9%.其主要成分是2,4二甲基-2,4-庚二烯醛、3,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯-3-醇、2-蒈烯-4-醇、2-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)-丙酸乙醛、反式-2-甲基-5-(1-甲基乙烯基)-2-环己烯-1-醇等.     

大野芋花香气成分分析及其综合开发应用前景

采用固相微萃取(SPME)-气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用技术分析大野芋花的挥发性成分,共鉴定出12种挥发性化合物,其中含量较高的是2-异丙基-5-甲基茴香醚(46.88%),二氢-β-紫罗兰酮(39.80%),苯甲酸甲酯(6.61%),以上三种占鉴定总成分的93.29%.其中10种主要挥发性物质有香味,按花味分类,4-蒈烯、二氢-β-紫罗兰酮、4-(2,6,6-三甲基-环己烯-1-乙基)-2-丁醇、β-紫罗兰酮属紫罗兰花型;苯甲酸甲酯、1,2-二甲氧基苯、水杨酸甲酯、4-羟基-3-甲基苯乙酮(或称香草酮)、2-异丙基-5-甲基茴香醚、肉桂酸甲酯属芳香花型.可见,大野芋可作为良好的香料植物开发利用.     

三产地白术挥发油氧化分解后化学成分的变化

为了比较不同产地白术挥发油氧化分解前后化学成分及含量变化的差异,文章将湖南、安徽、河北产白术挥发油分别置于太阳光下进行氧化分解,产物稳定后,采用GC-MS技术对各产地挥发油氧化分解前后化学成分及其含量变化进行分析比较。结果显示,来自地域、气候和土壤等环境因素不同的湖南、安徽、河北产白术挥发油,经同一条件氧化分解后,虽然新增、消失及含量发生变化的成分有差异,但其氧化分解后18种成分的含量显著变化趋势相一致。其中γ-榄香烯消失,1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-八氢化-4a,8-二甲基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)萘、1-乙烯基-1-甲基-2-(1-甲基亚乙基)-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己烷和9,10-去氢异长叶烯含量明显降低,尤其是苍术酮降幅平均为97.80%,而其余13种成分含量增幅从大到小依次为β-桉叶醇、白术内酯Ⅲ、17-(1,5-二甲基己基)-10,13-二甲基-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-十四氢化-1H-环戊[a]3-菲酚、白术内酯Ⅰ、1-甲氧基-2-(1-甲基-2-亚甲基环戊基)-苯、Isovelleral、β-桉叶烯、4,4a,5,6,7,8-六氢化-4a,5-二甲基-3-(1-甲基亚乙基)-2(3H)-萘、9,12(Z,Z)-十八碳二烯酸、荜澄茄油烯醇、正十六酸、广木香内酯、3-环戊基-6-甲基和3,4-庚二烯-2-酮。     

蚜虫警戒素的合成研究(Ⅰ)

本文报道以柠檬醛为原料合成蚜虫警戒素前体7,11—二甲基—3—亚甲基—6,10碳二烯—1—醇(4)以及中间体6,10—二甲基—1,5,9—十一碳三烯—4—醇(5)。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that