一种二硫化钨高温润滑脂的研制与性能研究

以新型润滑材料二硫化钨超细粉末(粒度为0.5μm)作为添加剂,研制出一种二硫化钨高温润滑脂.经测试,这种润滑脂具有高滴点、高油膜强度、低摩擦系数等良好的摩擦磨损特性.同时对二硫化钨超细粉末作为高温润滑脂添加剂的抗磨减摩机理作了初步分析.     

超声波对超细粒子在润滑脂中分散作用的研究

通过超声波使润滑脂中的超细粒子得到分散,采用四球摩擦试验机测试加载超声波前后润滑脂的摩擦因数,利用锥入度试验仪测试加载超声波前后润滑脂的稠度.结果表明:高能超声波能使润滑脂中的超细粒子得到分散,使得润滑脂摩擦系数、稠度减小.     

纳米添加剂铁路轴承润滑脂摩擦试验数据分析

目前铁路轴承的损坏主要是由于润滑脂的失效引起轴承各部件间的急剧摩擦,这直接导致抱轴的发生,严重影响铁路的安全运输。在4号锂基润滑脂中加入不同纳米材料,配制成不同比例的样品,通过摩擦试验记录试验数据,运用乏信息理论估计每组试验数据的真值,发现不同材料和不同比例的纳米材料作为添加剂对钢球的减摩效果是不同的,纳米氧化锆材料加入到润滑脂中的减摩效果是很明显的,纳米铜材料反而会增大摩擦,不适合作为润滑脂的减摩添加剂。     

多重碳纳米材料对润滑脂减摩性能的影响

将还原氧化石墨烯和碳纳米管亲油改性后获得的改性还原氧化石墨烯(Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide,MR-GO)和改性碳纳米管(Modified Carbon Nanotubes,M-CNT),经复配后分别加入基础脂中.选用红外光谱仪等设备表征了纳米粒子改性结果,采用球盘式摩擦试验和四球试验测试了样品的摩擦性能,发现亲油改性能降低碳纳米添加剂对润滑的负面影响.研究表明,MR-GO和M-CNT复配的润滑脂具有较好的减摩性能,扫描电镜微观形貌观察表明,MR-GO和M-CNT均能改善摩擦表面的粗糙程度,在2种添加剂协作下,摩擦表面的自动修复作用更完善,使磨损面粗糙程度降低,摩擦表面平均摩擦因数更低且随摩擦时长的增加更平稳,形成了一种稳定可持续的润滑机制.     

钢丝绳润滑脂抗摩擦学性能研究

利用流变仪摩擦附件测试了钢丝绳润滑脂的摩擦系数,研究了基础油类型、基础油黏度、添加剂种类以及摩擦件的不同对钢丝绳润滑脂摩擦系数的影响。结果表明,基础油类型、基础油黏度、添加剂种类以及摩擦件的不同均对钢丝绳润滑脂摩擦学性能产生影响,得出了各个因素对钢丝绳润滑脂摩擦系数的影响规律。     

微晶二氧化硅粉体添加剂的抗磨减摩作用

为研究微晶SiO2粉体添加剂的抗磨减摩作用,采用微晶SiO2矿物粉体作为润滑油添加剂,利用AMSLER摩擦磨损试验机研究45#钢摩擦副在添加剂润滑油润滑下的摩擦学特性.磨损后钢环表面的形貌和成分通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪进行分析.结果显示:以微晶SiO2粉体为添加剂润滑时在摩擦副表面形成一层陶瓷保护层.相比基础油,在微晶SiO2添加剂润滑油润滑条件下,摩擦副的接触状态由金属之间的摩擦磨损转化为自修复膜层之间的摩擦磨损.添加剂润滑油较基础油润滑条件下的摩擦系数大.摩擦磨损过程中自修复膜层的形成,隔离了金属摩擦副的直接接触,降低了试样磨损失重,具有良好的耐磨性能.     

激光微织构分布与形状对轮轨线接触下润滑性能的影响

针对轮缘润滑在改善轮缘磨耗和钢轨侧磨的同时容易造成轨道污染和润滑脂大量浪费的问题，拟在钢轨轨距角表面制备激光微造型，探究激光微造型技术应用于轮缘/钢轨轨距角润滑的可行性.用TY-FM-20S多工位带旋转光纤激光打标机在钢轨试样表面制备了不同分布率的矩形、圆形、菱形激光微织构，利用大滑差在MMS-2A摩擦磨损试验机上模拟地铁车辆通过小半径曲线路段，并开展不同喷涂油量的轮缘/轨距角润滑模拟试验，引入正交试验设计对试验和结果进行分析，结果表明：涂油量对轮缘润滑效率的影响最大，其次是微造型分布率，而微造型形貌影响最小.利用正交试验分析法中直观分析法与方差分析法进一步得出，当采用菱形形貌、分布率为5.25%(40个形貌)及0.2 mL喷涂油量时润滑效率最优，即，合适的激光微造型形貌与分布可以显著改善轮缘润滑效率.     

多库酯类离子液体作为基础油添加剂对镁合金的润滑性能研究

目的 将5种多库酯类离子液体作为非极性基础油液体石蜡(LP)和极性基础油聚乙二醇(PEG400)的添加剂,研究其作为钢/镁合金摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦学性能,并分析润滑作用机理.方法采用离子交换法合成离子液体添加剂,并利用SRV-V微动振动摩擦磨损试验机、三维表面轮廓仪考察其摩擦学性能,采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和石英晶体微天平对润滑作用机制进行探究.结果 5种多库酯类离子液体作为添加剂具有良好的减摩抗磨性能;添加量为1% 可以有效改善基础油LP的摩擦学性能,而离子液体作为基础油PEG400添加剂在3% 含量可以起到一定的减摩抗磨效果;XPS结果表明在摩擦过程中润滑剂与镁合金表面发生了摩擦化学反应,形成了MgO ,Mg3 (PO4 )2和MgSO4等物质的摩擦化学反应膜.结论 多库酯类离子液体作为非极性基础油LP和极性基础油PEG400的添加剂,均可以改善其对钢/镁合金摩擦副的润滑性能,且物理吸附膜和摩擦化学反应膜共同决定了其润滑性能.     

不同形貌ZnS在锂基润滑脂中的摩擦学性能

采用溶剂热法制备了微米片和微米球两种不同形貌的ZnS颗粒。分别选用SRV高频线性往复摩擦磨损试验机和四球机摩擦磨损试验机研究了微米片和微米球ZnS作为固体润滑添加剂对锂基脂摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:微米片和微米球ZnS作为固体润滑添加剂均能提高基础脂的承载力、极压性能和抗磨性能,微米片ZnS的承载力和极压性能好于微米球ZnS.微米球ZnS具有稳定和优良的抗磨性能;特别是在高频高载条件下,微米球ZnS可以滚动且在高载荷下部分颗粒碎裂成纳米片,填充到摩擦副表面间的凹陷处,有效地阻止了摩擦副的直接接触,其抗磨效果明显好于微米片ZnS.     

机车轮缘用菜籽油-DOP润滑脂配方工艺研究

采用12-羟基硬脂酸与碱液皂化生成稠化剂来稠化菜籽油与对苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)的复配物,制备一种机车轮缘用的菜籽油-DOP润滑脂.探讨其不同配比对润滑脂性能的影响,在较佳配比的基础上研究添加剂的加入对润滑脂性能的影响.研究结果表明:当菜籽油与邻苯二甲酸二辛脂(DOP)的配比为6∶4时润滑脂性能较好,其滴点为148℃,锥入度为31.41mm.当石油磺酸钡作为防锈剂时,产品的防锈性能较好,达到2c级别.最大无卡咬负荷PB值为647N,与外购产品相比,增大了50.11%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that